{"id":345135,"date":"2026-03-31T19:44:40","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T18:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=345135"},"modified":"2026-03-31T19:44:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T18:44:40","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-skareda-streda-a-vodeni-jidase","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=345135","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda a vod\u011bn\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda je pr\u00e1v\u011b ona st\u0159eda polovinou svat\u00e9ho t\u00fddne, kter\u00fd n\u00e1s p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed k velikono\u010dn\u00edmu tajemstv\u00ed. To velikono\u010dn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed je tak\u00e9 doprov\u00e1zeno \u0161kared\u00fdm skutkem jednoho z u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f Kristov\u00fdch Jid\u00e1\u0161e, kter\u00fd Krista zrad\u00ed, prod\u00e1 za t\u0159icet st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch.<\/h6>\n

Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je opravdu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si tuto skute\u010dnost uv\u011bdomit, nebo\u0165 ji\u017e star\u00e9 latinsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee zrada je vlastn\u011b ten nejhor\u0161\u00ed zlo\u010din, jak\u00e9ho se \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee dopustit. V\u00edme, \u017ee pro onoho str\u016fjce t\u00e9to zrady byla st\u0159eda \u0161kared\u00e1 i v tom smyslu, \u017ee nakonec neunesl sv\u016fj \u010din a sp\u00e1chal sebevra\u017edu, pov\u011bsil se.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch se ten den naz\u00fdval Sazometn\u00e1 st\u0159eda. Muselo se v prv\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b zam\u00e9st smet\u00ed nov\u00fdm b\u0159ezov\u00fdm ko\u0161t\u011btem. Nameten\u00e9 smet\u00ed se p\u00e1lilo v kamnech nebo je hospodyn\u011b odnesla z domu na rozcest\u00ed. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee ten den se z dom\u00e1cnosti vymetou v\u0161echny \u0161patnosti, v\u0161echny ne\u010dist\u00e9 s\u00edly. Pat\u0159ila k tomu i celkov\u00e1 o\u010dista, jako vymet\u00e1n\u00ed kom\u00edna, om\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f z dom\u00e1cnosti vodou a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se dokonce b\u00edlily sv\u011btnice. P\u0159\u00e1stevnice na \u0160karedou st\u0159edu obvykle kon\u010dily p\u0159\u00e1stky. Ne\u017e p\u0159est\u011bhovaly sv\u00e9 kolovraty na p\u016fdu, je\u0161t\u011b rychle up\u0159edly kousek niti. V\u011b\u0159ily, \u017ee n\u011bkolik steh\u016f pa\u0161ijovou nit\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho uchr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed bleskem, nemocemi a stra\u0161idly.<\/p>\n

Na \u0160karedou st\u0159edu bylo zvykem p\u0159ipravit \u201e\u0161kared\u00e9 j\u00eddlo\u201c \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0161lo o bramborov\u00e9 \u010di jin\u00e9 placky a r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u201etrhance\u201c, tedy pokrmy, kter\u00e9 na tal\u00ed\u0159i vypadaly neupraven\u011b. P\u0159ipravovalo se tak\u00e9 velikono\u010dn\u00ed pe\u010divo zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako jid\u00e1\u0161e. D\u011blalo se ve tvaru p\u00edsmene J nebo uzlu, aby p\u0159ipom\u00ednalo Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova zr\u00e1dce. Jid\u00e1\u0161e se maj\u00ed j\u00edst a\u017e druh\u00fd den, tedy na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek.<\/p>\n

A pov\u011bra prav\u00ed, \u017ee kdo se do pochoutky zakousne je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm, bude cel\u00fd rok zdr\u00e1v. Ale pozor, na po\u0159adu tohoto v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho dne rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed smutek, ani mra\u010den\u00ed se. Nebo\u0165, kdo se na \u0160karedou st\u0159edu mra\u010d\u00ed, bude m\u00edt \u0161patnou n\u00e1ladu po cel\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed rok. Nezapome\u0148te si tedy v tento den d\u011blat velk\u00e9 i mal\u00e9 radosti, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m udr\u017e\u00ed dobrou n\u00e1ladu a \u00fasm\u011bv po cel\u00fd den.<\/p>\n

Tradice vod\u011bn\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e: Velikono\u010dn\u00ed zvyk vod\u011bn\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e je pam\u011btn\u00edky dolo\u017een z konce devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, tak\u017ee jeho ko\u0159eny sahaj\u00ed nejsp\u00ed\u0161e do dob star\u00e9ho Rakouska. Z\u00e1kladem t\u00e9to tradice je z\u0159ejm\u011b lidov\u00fd obraz potrest\u00e1n\u00ed zr\u00e1dce veden\u00edm na popravi\u0161t\u011b a up\u00e1len\u00edm, jak bylo b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. Podle k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry byl Jid\u00e1\u0161 jedn\u00edm z Kristovy dru\u017einy, ve kter\u00e9 m\u011bl \u00fakoly pokladn\u00edka. Poctivost ale nebyla jeho silnou vlastnost\u00ed a tak se jeho zrada vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 nejenom jako snaha z\u00edskat t\u0159icet st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 byly vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny jako odm\u011bna za nalezen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, ale zmocnit se i pokladny o kterou se staral. P\u0159esto\u017ee se podle k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry z v\u00fd\u010ditek sv\u011bdom\u00ed ob\u011bsil na osice, lid se nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nem\u00ednil vzd\u00e1t jeho potrest\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Jid\u00e1\u0161 je postava oble\u010den\u00e1 do od\u011bvu ze sl\u00e1my s vysokou potupnou \u010depic\u00ed ze \u017eitn\u00fdch st\u00e9bel, nebo v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b z r\u00e1kosu, s trnov\u00fdm ozdoben\u00fdm prutem v ruce. Je veden za hluku \u0159ehta\u010dek, kter\u00e9 se v obci naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed hrka\u010dky a zp\u011bvu pop\u011bvku o jeho zrad\u011b a trestu.<\/p>\n

Vod\u011bn\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00ed obch\u016fzky chlapc\u016f \u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku s hrk\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 nahrazuje zvuk zvon\u016f, je\u017e podle tradice odlet\u011bly do \u0158\u00edma s Kristov\u00fdm zat\u010den\u00edm a vracely se a\u017e po jeho vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed. Obch\u016fzky organizuje nejstar\u0161\u00ed z chlapc\u016f, kter\u00fd je pak Jid\u00e1\u0161em. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed mu P\u00e1ni. Ti dbaj\u00ed na to, aby se pr\u016fvod pohyboval bezpe\u010dn\u011b a v\u0161ichni spr\u00e1vn\u011b hrkali a zp\u00edvali. Kdy\u017e je d\u011bt\u00ed v\u00edc, jsou P\u00e1ni velc\u00ed a mal\u00ed. Je to prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost, kdy se uk\u00e1\u017ee jejich schopnost rozhodovat a \u0159\u00eddit.<\/p>\n

Obch\u016fzky jsou v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b r\u00e1no, v poledne a nave\u010der. V minulosti byly je\u0161t\u011b v deset hodin dopoledne a ve t\u0159i hodiny odpoledne, kdy se hrkalo “Do kostela.” Pop\u011bvek zn\u011bl: “\u00d3 Jid\u00e1\u0161i nev\u011brn\u00fd cos to u\u010dinil, \u017ees sv\u00e9ho mistra \u017did\u016fm prozradil. Za to mus\u00ed\u0161 v pekle ho\u0159eti. S Luciperem \u010f\u00e1blem tam p\u0159eb\u00fdvati. My \u0161kol\u00e1ci chod\u00edme \/ a klek\u00e1n\u00ed hrk\u00e1me\/”. Hrk\u00e1 se, dokud n\u011bkdo z obyvatel nevyjde ven a pak se zazp\u00edv\u00e1 pop\u011bvek, kter\u00fdm se sou\u010dasn\u011b koleduje o d\u00e1rky.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1rky jsou v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b obvykle pen\u00edze, vejce a sladkosti. P\u0159i p\u00e1len\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e chlapci zazp\u00edvaj\u00ed pop\u011bvek se z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fdm ver\u0161em “a Jid\u00e1\u0161e p\u00e1l\u00edme” a pak se d\u011bl\u00ed o z\u00edskanou odm\u011bnu. D\u011blen\u00ed je dal\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem Jid\u00e1\u0161e a P\u00e1n\u016f a p\u0159i n\u011bm se znovu uk\u00e1\u017ee jejich schopnost v\u00e9st kolektiv a spravedliv\u011b rozhodovat. Klukovskou ct\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e je obej\u00edt celou obec jen se dv\u011bma b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi zast\u00e1vkami na odpo\u010dinek. V nepohodln\u00e9m oble\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v ch\u016fzi, nedovol\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159ipa\u017eit ruce a nav\u00edc za v\u011btru, nebo tepl\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, jsou ty t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159i kilometry ch\u016fze, s v\u00fdhledem jen mezi st\u00e9bly \u010depice a dlouh\u00fdm \u0161\u00edpkov\u00fdm prutem v ruce, opravdov\u00fd sportovn\u00ed v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fastav lidov\u00e9 kultury – N\u00e1rodopisn\u00e1 revue<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u0160kared\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":371846,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/31\/ram-vodeni.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=345135"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":371845,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345135\/revisions\/371845"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/371846"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=345135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=345135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=345135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}