{"id":344347,"date":"2025-05-07T13:32:26","date_gmt":"2025-05-07T12:32:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=344347"},"modified":"2025-05-07T13:38:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T12:38:27","slug":"ceska-republika-nejen-pocasi-ale-i-veda-nove-metody-ochrany-lesa-drzi-kurovce-na-uzde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=344347","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Nejen po\u010das\u00ed, ale i pozvatky v\u011bdy. Nov\u00e9 metody ochrany lesa um\u00ed dr\u017eet k\u016frovce na uzd\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Kalamita l\u00fdko\u017erouta smrkov\u00e9ho v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech ustupuje a objem smrkov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva, kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 vyt\u011b\u017eit, meziro\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u011b kles\u00e1. Je to nejen d\u00edky pr\u016fb\u011bhu po\u010das\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 d\u00edky z\u00e1sadn\u00edm \u00faprav\u00e1m v postupech ochrany lesa. Na jejich v\u00fdvoji se pod\u00edlej\u00ed i odborn\u00edci z Biologick\u00e9ho centra AV \u010cR (BC AV \u010cR), kte\u0159\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b spolupracuj\u00ed s Lesy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky a zp\u0159es\u0148uj\u00ed poznatky o chov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016frovc\u016f. Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed v lesnick\u00e9 praxi jak v tuzemsku, tak i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

\"\"\"\"\u201eB\u011bhem na\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s Lesy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00e1 trv\u00e1 u\u017e od roku 2008, jsme zna\u010dn\u011b posunuli v\u011bdomosti o chov\u00e1n\u00ed a biologii k\u016frovc\u016f. Tyto informace jsou v praxi u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ve form\u011b doporu\u010den\u00ed, kam bude sm\u011b\u0159ovat n\u00e1let k\u016frovc\u016f na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch, kdy je optim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010das k vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed napaden\u00fdch strom\u016f nebo jak zvy\u0161ovat \u00fa\u010dinnost jejich asanace,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Petr Dole\u017eal, vedouc\u00ed Laborato\u0159e aplikovan\u00e9 entomologie BC AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci detailn\u011b sledovali chov\u00e1n\u00ed brouk\u016f p\u0159i rojen\u00ed, jejich schopnost p\u0159ezimovat, \u0161\u00ed\u0159it se na nov\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak k\u016frovci reaguj\u00ed na klimatickou zm\u011bnu. \u201eL\u00fdko strom\u016f, ve kter\u00e9m se brouci vyv\u00edjej\u00ed, se vlivem slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasto oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 nad 38 \u00b0C, co\u017e je teplota, kterou nejsou schopni p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. Po\u010det dn\u00ed s intenzivn\u00edm slune\u010dn\u00edm svitem v\u0161ak nar\u016fst\u00e1, tak\u017ee k\u016frovci se pln\u011b oslun\u011bn\u00fdm p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00fdm kmen\u016fm vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jako prvn\u00ed vyletuj\u00ed brouci z m\u00edst, kam dopadaj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee nastat u\u017e brzy z jara, kdy se teploty na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed p\u0159ehoupnou nad 20 stup\u0148\u016f,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed jeden z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f Petr Dole\u017eal. Pr\u00e1v\u011b na ja\u0159e je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed doba pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed stromov\u00fdch lap\u00e1k\u016f a feromonov\u00fdch lapa\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum tak\u00e9 ukazuje, \u017ee k\u016frovci v reakci na klimatickou zm\u011bnu m\u011bn\u00ed strategie rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Teplej\u0161\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed vede k n\u00e1r\u016fstu \u201esestersk\u00fdch\u201c p\u0159erojen\u00ed, co\u017e je fenom\u00e9n, kdy samice p\u0159el\u00e9t\u00e1vaj\u00ed na nov\u00e9 m\u00edsto a pokra\u010duj\u00ed v kladen\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dek bez nutnosti p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. \u201eV 50. letech 20. stolet\u00ed bylo b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 jedno a\u017e dv\u011b p\u0159erojen\u00ed, dnes jsou zaznamen\u00e1na a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i v jedn\u00e9 vegeta\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3n\u011b. Nav\u00edc oproti pades\u00e1t\u00fdm let\u016fm vzrostlo i procento samic, kter\u00e9 p\u0159eletuj\u00ed, a to z 60 na 99,9 procent,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje Petr Dole\u017eal. To \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vysv\u011btluje i rychl\u00fd postup k\u016frovcov\u00e9 kalamity v nejhor\u0161\u00edch letech. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je i urychlen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje larev a kukel v extr\u00e9mn\u011b tepl\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch \u2013 dle pr\u016fb\u011bhu teplot m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed na polovinu a\u017e t\u0159etinu b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 doby, co\u017e v ter\u00e9nu m\u016f\u017ee znamenat i n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b nov\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch poznatk\u016f lesn\u00edci z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnili metody p\u00e9\u010de o les a boj s k\u016frovcem. \u201ePostupy v ochran\u011b lesa, kter\u00e9 jsme v posledn\u00edch letech vyvinuli ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Laborato\u0159\u00ed aplikovan\u00e9 entomologie, n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed efektivn\u011b redukovat populaci k\u016frovc\u016f prakticky bez ohledu na po\u010das\u00ed. I v minul\u00e9m roce, kter\u00fd byl nejteplej\u0161\u00ed v historii, se d\u00edky t\u011bmto postup\u016fm poda\u0159ilo objem napaden\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit. Jedn\u00e1 se o zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed lesnick\u00fdch prac\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ladislav P\u016flp\u00e1n, analytik ochrany lesa z Les\u016f \u010cR.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky nov\u00fdm poznatk\u016fm mohou lesn\u00edci l\u00e9pe p\u0159edpov\u00eddat a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0159\u00eddit opat\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad optim\u00e1ln\u00ed dobu pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed napaden\u00fdch strom\u016f nebo rychlost jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto metod potvrzuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady z N\u011bmecka, Francie \u010di Pobalt\u00ed, kde byly p\u0159evzaty do lesnick\u00e9 praxe, ale i legislativy.<\/p>\n

Spolupr\u00e1ce v\u011bdc\u016f s lesn\u00edky, kterou dlouhodob\u011b podporuje Grantov\u00e1 slu\u017eba Les\u016f \u010cR, se neomezuje jen na l\u00fdko\u017erouta smrkov\u00e9ho, ale soust\u0159ed\u00ed se i na metody biologick\u00e9 ochrany lesa a strategie sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed pot\u0159ebu insekticid\u016f. V\u00fdzkum se v\u011bnuje i k\u016frovc\u016fm na borovic\u00edch a mod\u0159\u00ednech, jejich\u017e v\u00fdznam v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b stoup\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Kalamita <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":344349,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/30\/kurovec-2.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344347"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=344347"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":344991,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344347\/revisions\/344991"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/344349"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=344347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=344347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=344347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}