{"id":344341,"date":"2025-05-07T13:23:05","date_gmt":"2025-05-07T12:23:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=344341"},"modified":"2025-05-07T13:37:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T12:37:27","slug":"ceska-republika-cesi-vyvinuli-metodu-pro-cisteni-odpadnich-vod-od-antibiotik-pomuze-fotokatalyza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=344341","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: \u010ce\u0161i vyvinuli metodu, jak zbavit odpadn\u00ed vody antibiotik. Pom\u016f\u017ee tzv. fotokatal\u00fdza"},"content":{"rendered":"

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P\u0159i odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik a dal\u0161\u00edch nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z odpadn\u00edch vod lze vyu\u017e\u00edt \u00fa\u010dinnou a ekologickou fotokatal\u00fdzu. Metodu vyvinul v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm Centra pro inovace v oboru nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f a nanotechnologi\u00ed v \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie J. Heyrovsk\u00e9ho Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR pod veden\u00edm Ji\u0159\u00edho Rathousk\u00e9ho. V\u00fdsledky jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu byly publikov\u00e1ny v s\u00e9rii \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v presti\u017en\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopisech nakladatelstv\u00ed Elsevier a Americk\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti (ACS).<\/h6>\n

\"\"Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod antibiotiky je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Antibiotika v odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017eou v\u00e9st k rozvoji odoln\u00fdch kmen\u016f bakteri\u00ed, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sni\u017eovat \u00fa\u010dinnost b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch \u010dist\u00edrensk\u00fdch proces\u016f. T\u00fdm Ji\u0159\u00edho Rathousk\u00e9ho z \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie J. Heyrovsk\u00e9ho AV \u010cR (\u00daFCH JH AV \u010cR) zjistil, \u017ee odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch l\u00e1tek z vody pomoc\u00ed fotokatal\u00fdzy je velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, a p\u0159itom ekologicky \u0161etrn\u00e1 metoda.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek praktick\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/h6>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee fotokatalyz\u00e1tory jsou zn\u00e1my ji\u017e od 80. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, jejich praktick\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed br\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159ada p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek. T\u00fdm Ji\u0159\u00edho Rathousk\u00e9ho proto b\u011bhem v\u00fdzkumu komplexn\u011b posoudil fotokatalyz\u00e1tory ze v\u0161ech hledisek. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci systematicky testovali r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a vytvo\u0159ili soubor poznatk\u016f, podle nich\u017e lze ur\u010dit vhodn\u00fd typ fotokatalyz\u00e1toru pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typ zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 vody, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt \u00fa\u010dinnost procesu v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u201eUk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee fotokatal\u00fdza je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vhodn\u00e1 pro ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed koncentrace l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed velk\u00fd biologick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek i p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentraci a kter\u00e9 se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b odstra\u0148uj\u00ed jin\u00fdmi metodami, co\u017e jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad antibiotika \u010di endokrinn\u00ed disruptory neboli hormon\u00e1ln\u011b aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky,”<\/em> popisuje vedouc\u00ed t\u00fdmu Ji\u0159\u00ed Rathousk\u00fd z \u00daFCH JH AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Z laborato\u0159e k praktick\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/h6>\n

\u201eT\u00edmto v\u00fdzkumem se sna\u017e\u00edme vytvo\u0159it most, kter\u00fd p\u0159ekon\u00e1 propast mezi laboratorn\u00edm b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm a praktick\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm,”<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u010dlenka t\u00fdmu Lenka Belh\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1. V\u011bdci se b\u011bhem v\u00fdzkumu zam\u011b\u0159ili tak\u00e9 na toxicitu procesu. Potvrdili, \u017ee fotokatalyz\u00e1tory nejsou toxick\u00e9, do vody se z nich neuvol\u0148uj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a ani produkty vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i rozkladu \u0161kodliv\u00fdch l\u00e1tek nejsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b hledaj\u00ed partnery pro praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed technologie. Prvn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s krajsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159adem v severn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch ji\u017e prob\u00edhaj\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l zejm\u00e9na v ji\u017en\u00edch zem\u00edch s intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm slune\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm, jak potvrzuje i spoluautorka v\u00fdzkumu doktorandka Bukola Lois Ojobe z Nig\u00e9rie, kter\u00e1 pl\u00e1nuje, \u017ee poznatky vyu\u017eije ve sv\u00e9 domovsk\u00e9 zemi.<\/p>\n

Fotokatal\u00fdza \u010dist\u00ed tak\u00e9 vzduch<\/h6>\n

Nejedn\u00e1 se o prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou praktickou aplikaci fotokatal\u00fdzy t\u00fdmu Centra pro inovace v oboru nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f a nanotechnologi\u00ed. P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety p\u0159i\u0161li badatel\u00e9 s fotokatalytick\u00fdm n\u00e1t\u011brem, kter\u00fd um\u00ed velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b a dlouhodob\u011b \u010distit ovzdu\u0161\u00ed od jedovat\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Praktick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se d\u011blala v Legerov\u011b ulici v Praze, kde denn\u011b projedou desetitis\u00edce aut. Z v\u00fdsledk\u016f m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vyplynulo, \u017ee fotokatalytick\u00e1 technologie dok\u00e1\u017ee z ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i dotyku s fotokatalytick\u00fdmi fas\u00e1dami odstra\u0148ovat a\u017e 50 % oxid\u016f dus\u00edku a ozonu.<\/p>\n

Projekt z\u00edskal podporu z OP JAK<\/h6>\n

Uveden\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem se zab\u00fdvali v\u011bdci v projektu AMULET (Advanced MUltiscaLe materials for key Enabling Technologies), kter\u00fd z\u00edskal finan\u010dn\u00ed podporu z Opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Jan Amos Komensk\u00fd Ministerstva \u0161kolstv\u00ed, ml\u00e1de\u017ee a t\u011blov\u00fdchovy a je spolufinancov\u00e1n z fond\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Projekt vyv\u00edj\u00ed progresivn\u00ed, tzv. multi\u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm aplika\u010dn\u00edm potenci\u00e1lem \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad v elektrotechnice, l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed \u010di environment\u00e1ln\u00edch technologi\u00edch.<\/p>\n

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    \n
  • Fotokatal\u00fdza<\/strong> je proces chemick\u00e9ho rozkladu l\u00e1tek, kter\u00fd prob\u00edh\u00e1 za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti fotokatalyz\u00e1toru a sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Principem je generace nosi\u010d\u016f n\u00e1boje v polovodi\u010dov\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu po absorpci foton\u016f sv\u011btla. Kdy\u017e m\u00e1 sv\u011btlo dostate\u010dnou energii, dok\u00e1\u017ee v polovodi\u010d\u00edch vytvo\u0159it dvojici kladn\u00fdch a z\u00e1porn\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f, kter\u00e9 v kontaktu s okol\u00edm produkuj\u00ed reaktivn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice n\u00e1sledn\u011b rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky na jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed molekuly, a nakonec a\u017e na oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, vodu a miner\u00e1ln\u00ed kyseliny. B\u011bhem procesu se spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze sv\u011btlo, zat\u00edmco samotn\u00fd fotokatalyz\u00e1tor z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezm\u011bn\u011bn a m\u016f\u017ee se opakovan\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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