{"id":343150,"date":"2025-04-28T13:42:56","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T12:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=343150"},"modified":"2025-04-29T13:31:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T12:31:30","slug":"sumava-sokol-stehovavy-jako-bajny-fenix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=343150","title":{"rendered":"\u0160UMAVA: Sokol st\u011bhovav\u00fd \u2013 jako b\u00e1jn\u00fd f\u00e9nix"},"content":{"rendered":"

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P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh sokola st\u011bhovav\u00e9ho pat\u0159\u00ed mezi ty nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v celosv\u011btov\u00e9 ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody. P\u0159esto, \u017ee ho lid\u00e9 tis\u00edcilet\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako par\u0165\u00e1ka, hlavn\u011b pro lov, ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed ho m\u00e1lem vyhubili.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Sokol st\u011bhovav\u00fd pat\u0159il mezi tzv. kosmopolitn\u00ed druhy, tedy vyskytoval se na v\u0161ech kontinentech. Bohu\u017eel, na v\u0161ech kontinentech se u\u017e za 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a hlavn\u011b po jej\u00edm konci za\u010dalo masivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat DDT. Tehdy byl tento insekticid pova\u017eov\u00e1n za z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpravek hub\u00edc\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd hmyz, od kom\u00e1r\u016f a\u017e po lidsk\u00e9 v\u0161i. Jen\u017ee tento \u201ez\u00e1zrak\u201c p\u016fsob\u00ed jako jed, kter\u00fd hub\u00ed nejen hmyz, ale v\u0161e \u017eiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u201eSokol toti\u017e stoj\u00ed na vrcholu potravn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce. Jeho hlavn\u00ed potravou jsou ostatn\u00ed pt\u00e1ci \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm holubi, hrdli\u010dky, ale i jin\u00ed zp\u011bvn\u00ed ope\u0159enci. Ti se zase \u017eiv\u00ed rostlinnou potravou, kter\u00e1 v pades\u00e1t\u00fdch a \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech obsahovala DDT. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se jedovat\u00fd prost\u0159edek dlouhodob\u011b kumuloval do tk\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ko\u0159ist\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u0159eba sokol\u016f,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje ornitolog Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Ale\u0161 Vondrka.<\/p>\n

\"\"Jedovat\u00fd koktejl zp\u016fsoboval sokol\u016fm z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m s rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm. Bu\u010f byly p\u00e1ry zcela neplodn\u00e9, nebo se l\u00edhla nevyvinut\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata. Vejce m\u011bla velmi slab\u00e9 sko\u0159\u00e1pky, kter\u00e9 samice rozsedla, pokud se nerozpadly bez vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny samy. Bylo tak zad\u011bl\u00e1no na vyhynut\u00ed tohoto druhu.<\/p>\n

I po t\u00e9, co se prok\u00e1zaly negativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky DDT, k z\u00e1kazu jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nedo\u0161lo hned. Jako prvn\u00ed ho zak\u00e1zalo pou\u017e\u00edvat Ma\u010farsko, a to v roce 1968. Postupn\u011b se p\u0159id\u00e1valy dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty, \u010ceskoslovensko v roce 1974. Jen\u017ee u n\u00e1s bylo pro sokola u\u017e pozd\u011b.<\/p>\n

V \u010cesku se nevyskytoval \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd hn\u00edzdn\u00ed p\u00e1r. V okoln\u00edch zem\u00edch Evropy, ale i jinde ve sv\u011bt\u011b byla situace obdobn\u00e1. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed zafungovala celosv\u011btov\u011b ochrana sokola \u2013 nesm\u011bl se lovit, bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no vyb\u00edrat hn\u00edzda. Aktivn\u011b se p\u0159istoupilo k vysazov\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011ble odchovan\u00fdch sokol\u016f do voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody a obsazen\u00e1 hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011b se bedliv\u011b st\u0159e\u017eila. V \u010cesku nap\u0159\u00edklad fungovaly drav\u010d\u00ed hl\u00eddky akce Falco a Aquila<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed sokoli byli v \u010cesku pozorov\u00e1ni na konci osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let v oblasti jezer Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho hvozdu, tedy \u010cern\u00e9ho a \u010certova jezera, Je vysoce pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee u\u017e tehdy tady sokoli hn\u00edzdili, ale kv\u016fli nep\u0159\u00edstupnosti t\u011bchto lokalit, nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed monitoring.<\/p>\n

A tak prvn\u00ed prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 novodob\u00e9 hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed sokol\u016f v \u010cech\u00e1ch bylo p\u0159i\u0159azeno k letopo\u010dtu 1991 na \u010cern\u00e9m a \u010certov\u011b jeze\u0159e.<\/p>\n

\u201eJe mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee z t\u00e9to oblasti sokol nikdy nevymizel, ov\u0161em na potvrzen\u00ed t\u00e9to domn\u011bnky chyb\u00ed data. I kdy\u017e byli sokoli um\u011ble odchov\u00e1v\u00e1ni a vypou\u0161t\u011bni do p\u0159\u00edrody, nakonec se prok\u00e1zalo, \u017ee tito pt\u00e1ci se do reprodukce moc nezapojili. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, na \u0160umav\u011b se sokoli nikdy nevypou\u0161t\u011bli a jednalo se jednozna\u010dn\u011b o p\u0159irozen\u00e9 zahn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ale\u0161 Vondrka.<\/p>\n

K prvn\u00edmu prok\u00e1zan\u00e9mu hn\u00edzdn\u00edmu p\u00e1ru se zakr\u00e1tko p\u0159idal dal\u0161\u00ed, a to na Ple\u0161n\u00e9m jeze\u0159e. V roce 2008 ji\u017e bylo hn\u00edzdi\u0161\u0165 p\u011bt. V roce 2010 hn\u00edzdilo na \u0160umav\u011b \u0161est p\u00e1r\u016f. Mezi lety 2012 a 2015 jich bylo 7 a od roku 2016 m\u00e1me na \u0160umav\u011b 8 hn\u00edzd\u00edc\u00edch p\u00e1r\u016f sokol\u016f, kter\u00e9 v roce 2018 vyvedly dokonce 18 ml\u00e1\u010fat. Dal\u0161\u00edch sedm p\u00e1r\u016f hn\u00edzd\u00ed na bavorsk\u00e9 stran\u011b \u0160umavy.<\/p>\n

\u201eZd\u00e1 se, \u017ee populace sokola st\u011bhovav\u00e9ho je nejen na \u0160umav\u011b zachr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1. Jej\u00ed ochrana ale mus\u00ed pokra\u010dovat d\u00e1le. Nesm\u00ed se povolit jeho lov a hlavn\u011b, v dob\u011b hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed je t\u0159eba mu dop\u0159\u00e1t klid,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje Ale\u0161 Vondrka a p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edklad ze Sto\u017eeck\u00e9 sk\u00e1ly, u Sto\u017eeck\u00e9 kaple:<\/p>\n

\u201eM\u00e1me zde p\u00e1rek sokol\u016f, kter\u00fd tu zahn\u00edzd\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd rok. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok sem um\u00edst\u00edme omezen\u00ed vstupu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b na \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce. D\u016fvodem je to, \u017ee sokola, kter\u00fd sed\u00ed na vejc\u00edch, sta\u010d\u00ed vyru\u0161it jen p\u00e1rkr\u00e1t a lokalitu opou\u0161t\u00ed. T\u00edm se ani nevyl\u00edhnou ml\u00e1\u010fata a cel\u00e1 jedna generace je pry\u010d.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m do\u0161el tak daleko, \u017ee hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011b na Sto\u017eeck\u00e9 sk\u00e1le sokoli opustili \u00fapln\u011b. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed se v roce 2020 vr\u00e1tili, ale v dob\u011b, kdy se ml\u00e1\u010fata u\u017e vyl\u00edhla, je n\u011bkdo vyru\u0161il a dosp\u011bl\u00fd sokol necht\u011bn\u011b shodil v\u0161echna \u010dty\u0159i ml\u00e1\u010fata ze sk\u00e1ly dol\u016f. Jedno ml\u00e1d\u011b nep\u0159e\u017eilo. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159i byla vr\u00e1cena zp\u011bt na sk\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

\u201eMezi lety 2022 a\u017e 2024 se zdej\u0161\u00edmu p\u00e1ru poda\u0159ilo ka\u017ed\u00fd rok vyv\u00e9st v\u017edy dv\u011b ml\u00e1\u010fata. Je to jednozna\u010dn\u011b i d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 dodr\u017euj\u00ed \u010dasov\u011b ohrani\u010den\u00e9 omezen\u00ed a tak\u00e9 d\u00edky na\u0161im str\u00e1\u017ec\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto omezen\u00ed kontroluj\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 Ale\u0161 Vondrka.<\/p>\n

Sokol st\u011bhovav\u00fd, kter\u00fd je nejrychlej\u0161\u00edm tvorem na planet\u011b Zemi, kdy\u017e p\u0159i st\u0159emhlav\u00e9m letu vysoce p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 rychlost 300 km\/h, je tak na \u0160umav\u011b op\u011bt doma. Dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee skoro vstal z popela, jako b\u00e1jn\u00fd F\u00e9nix. Jestli se ale nav\u00fd\u0161\u00ed po\u010det hn\u00edzdi\u0161\u0165, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou. \u0160umava toti\u017e nenab\u00edz\u00ed dostatek hn\u00edzdn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, snad jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 obna\u017een\u00e9 skaln\u00ed ochozy ve vojensk\u00e9m prostoru Boletice, nebo n\u011bkter\u00e1 jednotliv\u00e1 m\u00edsta v CHKO nebo NP \u0160umava.<\/p>\n

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Jan DVO\u0158\u00c1K, Spr\u00e1va N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Rosenkranz<\/p>\n

\n

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