{"id":342565,"date":"2025-04-16T20:46:41","date_gmt":"2025-04-16T19:46:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=342565"},"modified":"2025-04-16T20:46:41","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T19:46:41","slug":"ceska-republika-brouci-i-clovek-vyvinuli-k-ochrane-sve-potravy-stejne-postupy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=342565","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Brouci i \u010dlov\u011bk vyvinuli k ochran\u011b sv\u00e9 potravy stejn\u00e9 postupy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stejn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke konzervaci potravin, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed brouk\u016fm p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt v jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed jim p\u0159i tom metabolity, produkty l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bny, tj. metabolismu, produkovan\u00e9 houbou Geosmithia eupagioceri, je\u017e ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed r\u016fst bakteri\u00ed, hub, hl\u00edstic a rozto\u010d\u016f. Nov\u00e9 poznatky o symbiotick\u00e9m vztahu mezi ambr\u00f3ziov\u00fdmi houbami a k\u016frovci odhalil v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR. Studii zve\u0159ejnil \u010dasopis Fungal Ecology.<\/h6>\n

\"\"D\u0159evokazn\u00e9 druhy k\u016frovc\u016f, tzv. ambrosiov\u00ed brouci, \u017eij\u00ed ve d\u0159ev\u011b velmi chud\u00e9m na \u017eiviny. Jako jedin\u00fd zdroj potravy jim slou\u017e\u00ed tzv. ambrosiov\u00e9 houby, kter\u00e9 si p\u011bstuj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch chodbi\u010dk\u00e1ch. Tento typ sou\u017eit\u00ed lze p\u0159irovnat k lidsk\u00e9mu farma\u0159en\u00ed. Obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem houbov\u00e9ho farma\u0159en\u00ed je t\u0159eba sou\u017eit\u00ed termit\u016f \u010di mravenc\u016f rodu Atta s houbami. \u0158adu ambrosiov\u00fdch brouk\u016f lze naj\u00edt i v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Houbovou zahr\u00e1dku v\u011bt\u0161inou tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010dist\u00e1 kultura jedn\u00e9 ambrosiov\u00e9 houby, kterou je brouk schopen p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et do dal\u0161\u00edch generac\u00ed. Vztah houby a brouka je oboustrann\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00fd a tak prov\u00e1zan\u00fd, \u017ee jsou na sob\u011b \u017eivotn\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak brouk \u010distotu zahr\u00e1dky udr\u017euje, je z\u00e1hadou, proto\u017ee v okoln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u017eije mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch mikrob\u016f a bezobratl\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed je, \u017ee ambrosiov\u00e1 houba produkuje antibiotika, co\u017e z n\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 skv\u011bl\u00fd c\u00edl p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div. Tyto l\u00e1tky toti\u017e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro brouka netoxick\u00e9, a tud\u00ed\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i pro dal\u0161\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy, jako je \u010dlov\u011bk.<\/p>\n

(Nejen) konzervanty pro k\u016frovce<\/h6>\n

V\u011bdci identifikovali osm chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 houba Geosmithia eupagioceri vylu\u010duje. Vykazuj\u00ed antibakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed, protipl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9, a dokonce i repelentn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky v\u016f\u010di rozto\u010d\u016fm a hl\u00edstic\u00edm.<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159ekvapen\u00edm bylo, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o chemicky jednoduch\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a \u0159ada z nich pat\u0159\u00ed mezi deriv\u00e1ty benzoov\u00e9 kyseliny. Tyto l\u00e1tky \u010dlov\u011bk pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako konzervanty a jsou tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1my svoj\u00ed n\u00edzkou toxicitou pro \u017eivo\u010dichy,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje chemik a spoluautor studie Miroslav Flieger z Laborato\u0159e genetiky a metabolismu hub v Mikrobiologick\u00e9m \u00fastavu AV \u010cR (MB\u00da AV \u010cR).<\/p>\n

Brouci a \u010dlov\u011bk vyvinuli k ochran\u011b potravy stejn\u00e9 postupy. Jde p\u0159i tom o koktejl l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 interaguj\u00ed mezi sebou a maj\u00ed vliv i na samotnou ambrosiovou houbu.<\/p>\n

\u201eZjistili jsme, \u017ee tyto l\u00e1tky nejen chr\u00e1n\u00ed houbu p\u0159ed konkurenc\u00ed, ale mohou tak\u00e9 ovliv\u0148ovat fyziologii samotn\u00e9ho brouka a dal\u0161\u00edch mikroorganism\u016f v jeho okol\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Miroslav Kola\u0159\u00edk, vedouc\u00ed studie. \u201eTo nazna\u010duje, \u017ee houby hraj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed roli v udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed symbiotick\u00e9ho vztahu s brouky.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Ambrosiov\u00e9 houby jako pokladnice slibn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/h6>\n

Studie tak\u00e9 prok\u00e1zala, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 z l\u00e1tek mohou ovliv\u0148ovat morfologii houby, co\u017e by mohlo m\u00edt v\u00fdznam pro jej\u00ed schopnost kolonizovat d\u0159evo a poskytovat brouk\u016fm dostatek potravy. Tyto poznatky umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, kter\u00fd by mohl v\u00e9st k lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed ekologick\u00fdch vztah\u016f mezi houbami a hmyzem, a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i k nov\u00fdm aplikac\u00edm v biotechnologi\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u201eJde p\u0159itom o v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed ambrosiovou houbu, u kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me produkovan\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Ambrosiov\u00fdch hub je zn\u00e1mo kolem stovky druh\u016f, ale o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 diverzita je n\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Lze tedy o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee tyto houby jsou pokladnic\u00ed netoxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdch p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div,\u201c<\/em> popisuje Ji\u0159\u00ed Hulcr z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR a Floridsk\u00e9 univerzity, kter\u00fd studovan\u00fd houbov\u00fd kmen izoloval p\u0159i sv\u00e9m studiu v tropick\u00e9m Belize.<\/p>\n

Hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div nen\u00ed jedin\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed podivuhodn\u00fdch ambrosiov\u00fdch hub. T\u00fdm z MB\u00da AV \u010cR nyn\u00ed studuje jejich v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 hodnoty. Obsahuj\u00ed takov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed esenci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u017eivin, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v mase. V\u00fd\u017eivov\u011b jsou ambrosiov\u00e9 houby dokonce plnohodnotnou n\u00e1hra\u017ekou masa.<\/p>\n

Na v\u00fdzkumu d\u00e1le spolupracoval t\u00fdm veden\u00fd Janem Hubertem z V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu rostlinn\u00e9 v\u00fdroby (V\u00daRV), kter\u00fd se v\u011bnuje studiu rozto\u010d\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed testy biologick\u00fdch aktivit provedlo Odd\u011blen\u00ed mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch drog v Helmholtzov\u011b centru pro v\u00fdzkum infekc\u00ed v Braunschweigu v N\u011bmecku.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Stejn\u00e9 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":342566,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/11\/chodbicky-brouka.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342565"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=342565"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":342567,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342565\/revisions\/342567"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/342566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=342565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=342565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=342565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}