{"id":340978,"date":"2025-04-11T12:53:28","date_gmt":"2025-04-11T11:53:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=340978"},"modified":"2025-04-11T12:58:05","modified_gmt":"2025-04-11T11:58:05","slug":"ceska-republiky-prelomovy-objev-vedci-popsali-klicovy-proces-v-biologii-nadoru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=340978","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: V\u011bdci ve studii popsali kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd proces v biologii n\u00e1dor\u016f, jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159elomov\u00fd objev"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed transfer je spole\u010dn\u00fdm jmenovatelem v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 typ\u016f n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Pod studi\u00ed shrnuj\u00edc\u00ed poznatky o tomto procesu v presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise Cancer Cell je podepsan\u00fd t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f veden\u00fd profesorem Ji\u0159\u00edm Neu\u017eilem z Biotechnologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR. V\u00fdsledky mohou p\u0159isp\u011bt k v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f v protirakovinn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed transfer (HMT) je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed mitochondrie mezi bu\u0148kami \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161inou s n\u011bjak\u00fdm dopadem pro bu\u0148ku, kter\u00e1 mitochondrie z\u00edsk\u00e1, a n\u011bkdy i pro tu bu\u0148ku, je\u017e je ztr\u00e1c\u00ed. Mitochondrie vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed funkci bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, jeliko\u017e v nich prob\u00edhaj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 biochemick\u00e9 pochody.<\/p>\n

Studie z nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu t\u00fdmu z Biotechnologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR popisuje, \u017ee HMT je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. N\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky ho vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed proto, aby z\u00edskaly mitochondrie z okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e pos\u00edl\u00ed jejich agresivn\u00ed vlastnosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 oslab\u00ed imunitu organismu. Tento mechanismus je natolik z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, \u017ee se jev\u00ed jako univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed znak v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 typ\u016f n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eNed\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159enos mitochondri\u00ed je pro \u0159adu n\u00e1dor\u016f spole\u010dn\u00fd a je pro jejich tvorbu velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. To, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismus, ukazuje na jeho z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v biologii n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k nov\u00fdm terapeutick\u00fdm strategi\u00edm,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ji\u0159\u00ed Neu\u017eil, vedouc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu z Biotechnologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Studii, kter\u00e1 shrnuje nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poznatky o horizont\u00e1ln\u00edm mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edm transferu (HMT) v biologii n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a jejich klinick\u00e9 relevanci, zve\u0159ejnil jeden z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f Cancer Cell.<\/p>\n

Bu\u0148ky um\u011bj\u00ed \u201eukraden\u00e9\u201c mitochondrie z\u00edskat zp\u011bt<\/h6>\n

Jedn\u00edm z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f HMT je jeho role p\u0159i vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk a imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed mitochondrie nejen ze strom\u00e1ln\u00edch bun\u011bk (podp\u016frn\u00e9 pojivov\u00e9 slo\u017eky, nap\u0159. tk\u00e1n\u011b), ale i z cytotoxick\u00fdch T lymfocyt\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je oslabuj\u00ed a zbavuj\u00ed jejich protirakovinn\u00e9 aktivity. P\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 je ale i opa\u010dn\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: \u201evy\u010derpan\u00e9\u201c T bu\u0148ky mohou mitochondrie znovu z\u00edskat a obnovit svou funkci, co\u017e ukazuje na dynamick\u00fd boj mezi n\u00e1dorem a imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u00e1dor se sna\u017e\u00ed oslabit imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, aby pronikl do norm\u00e1ln\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti, jak pr\u016fniku n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk zabr\u00e1nit. A toto se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech na z\u00e1klad\u011b HMT a pomoc\u00ed mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159esun\u016f za pou\u017eit\u00ed mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu nanotun\u00fdlk\u016f (tunnelling nanotubes),\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ibli\u017euje Ji\u0159\u00ed Neu\u017eil.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky studie otev\u00edraj\u00ed nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro pochopen\u00ed toho, jak n\u00e1dory unikaj\u00ed imunitn\u00edmu dohledu, a mohou proto p\u0159isp\u011bt k v\u00fdvoji inovativn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f v protirakovinn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek navazuje na pr\u016flomovou studii publikovanou p\u0159ed deseti lety t\u00fdmy Ji\u0159\u00edho Neu\u017eila a Mikea Berridge z Malaghan Institute of Medical Research na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu. Popisuje mj., \u017ee se v\u00fdzkum HMT rozv\u00edj\u00ed nev\u00eddan\u00fdm tempem, co\u017e umo\u017enil pokrok v metodologi\u00edch, jako je prostorov\u00e1 transkriptomika a proteomika s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm na \u00farovni jedn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky.<\/p>\n

Odkaz na \u010dl\u00e1nek:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Berridge MV, Zobalova R, Boukalova S, Caicedo A, Rushworth S, Neuzil J. Horizontal mitochondrial transfer in cancer biology: potential clinical relevance. Cancer Cell, in press. https:\/\/www.cell.com\/cancer-cell\/abstract\/S1535-6108(25)00081-9?rss=yes<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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