{"id":338873,"date":"2026-02-12T21:15:55","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T20:15:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=338873"},"modified":"2026-02-12T21:15:55","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T20:15:55","slug":"stara-sumava-symbolika-masopustnich-maskar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=338873","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Symbolika masopustn\u00edch ma\u0161kar"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Masopust vn\u00e1\u0161el radost do \u0161ediv\u00fdch \u00fanorov\u00fdch dn\u016f a stmeloval lidsk\u00e1 srdce. U\u017e v dob\u011b rakousko-uhersk\u00e9 monarchie byly masopustn\u00ed pr\u016fvody celospole\u010denskou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Kon\u010dila jimi plesov\u00e1 sezona. V pr\u016fvodu chod\u00edvalo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed masek a na n\u011b se chodily d\u00edvat davy lid\u00ed. Dokonce n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u0161koly m\u00edvaly \u201epr\u00e1zdno\u201c, aby d\u011bti nep\u0159i\u0161ly o pod\u00edvanou. Masky masopustn\u00edch pr\u016fvod\u016f m\u011bly sv\u016fj hlubok\u00fd v\u00fdznam a symboliku. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich plnila ur\u010dit\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed, m\u011bla svoji charakteristickou \u00falohu a typick\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Kdy byl u n\u00e1s zaveden masopust, nev\u00edme p\u0159esn\u011b, ale ji\u017e zbo\u017en\u00fd P\u0159emysl Otakar II ve 13. stol. vyzval \u0159eholnice, aby se v posledn\u00ed masopustn\u00ed dny od\u011bly po \u201esv\u011btsku\u201c a dostate\u010dn\u011b se nal\u00ed\u010dily. Pr\u00e1v\u011b to odpov\u00eddalo karnevalov\u00e9mu principu zcela ovl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edmu tyto dny, kter\u00fdm se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot stav\u00ed na hlavu. Plat\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161e je vzh\u016fru nohama, v podob\u011b hry obr\u00e1cen\u00e9ho neskute\u010dn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Masopust se vyjad\u0159uje v pr\u016fvodu masek – lid\u00ed v p\u0159evlec\u00edch nebo po\u0161etil\u00fdch kost\u00fdmech, p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00edch osobu v jinak vn\u00edmanou bytost. Masky, je\u017e na sebe \u010dlov\u011bk obl\u00e9kal jej jakoby p\u0159ibli\u017eovaly k jin\u00e9mu sv\u011btu, kter\u00fd neznal a neum\u011bl jej ovlivnit. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159evl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed mu\u017e\u016f za \u017eeny bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha masopustn\u00edch oby\u010dej\u016f a m\u011blo jednozna\u010dn\u011b plodnostn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. B\u011bhem historie se v t\u011bchto obch\u016fzk\u00e1ch tak spojily dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed linie: linie magick\u00e1, nebo tak\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed a linie oslavn\u00e1, vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se ke konci zimy a nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmu jaru.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00e9 t\u00fddny trvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy a vyr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed od staven\u00ed ke staven\u00ed se starod\u00e1vn\u00fdmi pr\u016fpov\u011b\u010fmi. Navzdory velk\u00e9 nouzi v\u0161ech nep\u0159ijde ta vesel\u00e1 \u017eebrota snad nikdy zkr\u00e1tka. Chr\u00e1n\u00ed je star\u00e1 v\u00edra, \u017ee nep\u0159ijde-li \u201cmasopustn\u00ed ml\u00e1denec\u201d \u2013 ml\u00e1denec je cel\u00e1 ta ml\u00e1deneck\u00e1 chasa, nedoroste v l\u00e9t\u011b nijak\u00e9 obil\u00ed. Tam odtud, kde se prv\u00fd ml\u00e1denec objev\u00ed, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed i prvn\u00ed bou\u0159ka. Selka strhne ze se\u0161\u00edvan\u00e9ho \u0161a\u0161kovsk\u00e9ho \u0161atu bl\u00e1znova t\u0159i rud\u00e9 hadrov\u00e9 z\u00e1platy a str\u010d\u00ed je pod slepici na vejc\u00edch: pak jich bude habad\u011bj. Bl\u00e1zni, zvan\u00ed tak\u00e9 Hudl, nos\u00ed \u0161krabo\u0161ky s dlouh\u00fdm nosem a poskakuj\u00ed \u0159adou nekone\u010dn\u011b komick\u00fdmi pohyby. Za nimi jdou muzikanti a hus\u00edm pochodem hejtman, rycht\u00e1\u0159 se \u0161p\u00edzem s nabodnut\u00fdmi kusy \u0161peku, tancmajstr, \u0161a\u0161ek s pl\u00e1ca\u010dkou, robe\u0161tr\u00e9gr , Mou\u010dka a dal\u0161\u00ed ml\u00e1denci zvan\u00ed \u017ditnej, Vaje\u010dnej, Ln\u011bnej, kte\u0159\u00ed podle sv\u00e9ho ozna\u010den\u00ed h\u00e1z\u00ed do ko\u0161\u016f a pytl\u016f p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou hmotnou v\u00fdslu\u017eku.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm staven\u00edm se zatancuje kole\u010dko, zvan\u00e9 tu Kretzl, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u011bne\u010dku masopustn\u00edch laufr\u016f. N\u00e1sleduje pr\u016fpov\u00eddka:
\n\u201eVeselej ml\u00e1denec v masopust\u011b \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fdho<\/em>
\nmu\u017ee vopravdovsky rozmysln\u00fdho,<\/em>
\nvo m\u011b\u0159ici vovsa, m\u011b\u0159ici \u017eita, kus \u0161peku taky p\u0159ec,<\/em>
\na\u0165 se ct\u00ed d\u00e1l j\u00edt m\u016f\u017ee veselej ml\u00e1denec.<\/em>
\nKlob\u00e1ska, dev\u011btkr\u00e1t uzen\u00e1,<\/em>
\ndala by se d\u00e1t,<\/em>
\nz n\u00e1s cel\u00fd ml\u00e1dence ud\u011blat.<\/em>
\nM\u00e1te-li tmavohn\u011bd\u00fd d\u011bv\u010de v dom\u011b akor\u00e1t,<\/em>
\ndalo by se d\u00e1t,<\/em>
\np\u00e1r kole\u010dek my s n\u00ed budem tancovat.<\/em>
\nMuzikanti, hrejte,<\/em>
\nml\u00e1denci v\u0161ici jim k tomu zajuchejte!<\/em><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 maska m\u00e1 ur\u010ditou roli a tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto v \u0159azen\u00ed pr\u016fvodu: kobyla v\u017edy pr\u016fvod vede a ras ji zezadu popoh\u00e1n\u00ed, za nimi jdou strakat\u00fd se \u017eenou a turci, pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed komin\u00edci, slam\u011bn\u00ed a \u017eidi, v\u0161ichni doprov\u00e1zeni \u0159\u00edznou dechovkou. Cel\u00e1 ma\u0161kara se d\u011bl\u00ed na ma\u0161karu \u201c\u010dervenou\u201d a \u201c\u010dernou\u201d. \u010cervenou ma\u0161karu tvo\u0159\u00ed dva \u010derven\u00ed a dva mod\u0159\u00ed \u201cturci\u201d, \u201claufr\u201dtak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00fd \u201cstrakat\u00fd\u201d, \u201c\u017eena \u201d a \u201ckobyly\u201d.<\/p>\n

Po proveden\u00ed ob\u0159adu \u017e\u00e1dosti o povolen\u00ed u starosty obce se pr\u016fvod ma\u0161kar vyd\u00e1 na obch\u016fzku v\u0161ech staven\u00ed ve vesnici. U ka\u017ed\u00e9ho domu po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 strakat\u00fd se \u017eenou p\u00e1na nebo pan\u00ed domu o dovolen\u00ed pro ma\u0161karu tento d\u016fm nav\u0161t\u00edvit a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se optaj\u00ed kolik a jak\u00e9 p\u00edsni\u010dky cht\u011bj\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed zahr\u00e1t. Muzika hraje, turci tan\u010d\u00ed a ostatn\u00ed ma\u0161kara si rozebere obyvatele domu a ostatn\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed a daj\u00ed se \u201cdo pr\u00e1ce\u201d.<\/p>\n

Rasov\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed kobylku hospod\u00e1\u0159i \u201cdo tahu\u201d i \u201cdo chovu\u201d a ptaj\u00ed se po zdravotn\u00edm stavu v\u0161ech hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, ale dnes , kdy je hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at ji\u017e m\u00e1lo, \u010dasto dojde na zdravotn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky samotn\u00fdch obyvatel domu. Komin\u00edci si hled\u00ed vymet\u00e1n\u00ed kamen a kom\u00edn\u016f hospody\u0148k\u00e1m, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm maj\u00ed za \u00fakol ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo se jen p\u0159iplete, m\u00e1znout pro \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed na tv\u00e1\u0159 mazadlem p\u0159ipraven\u00fdm z vymeten\u00fdch saz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V tomto zkr\u00e1\u0161lov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00edch jim pom\u00e1haj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b kobylky a slam\u011bn\u00ed. Ale slam\u011bn\u00fd m\u00e1 na vostatky je\u0161t\u011b daleko d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed posl\u00e1n\u00ed; podle mytologie plodnosti si ka\u017ed\u00e1 hospodyn\u011b utrhla ze slam\u011bn\u00e9ho st\u00e9blo sl\u00e1my pro dobr\u00e9 vyveden\u00ed hus, a j\u00ed samotn\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011blo k utu\u017een\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a plodnosti po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 vyv\u00e1len\u00ed se se slam\u011bn\u00fdm, nejl\u00e9pe v z\u00e1v\u011bji sn\u011bhu. A nakonec \u017eidi, ti maj\u00ed za \u00fakol obchodovat, nab\u00edzej\u00ed rozli\u010dn\u00e9 slu\u017eby jako st\u0159\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, holen\u00ed, a potom tak\u00e9 maj\u00ed na prodej r\u016fzn\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 i nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Za tuto v\u0161echnu \u201cpr\u00e1ci\u201d je cel\u00e1 ma\u0161kara od hospod\u00e1\u0159e obdarov\u00e1na malou finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stkou ale hlavn\u011b poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z tradi\u010dn\u00edch koblih a sklenky alkoholu. A takto obejde ma\u0161kara za zvuku muziky a v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho vesel\u00ed celou obec.<\/p>\n

Nave\u010der se cel\u00e1 ma\u0161kara sejde v hospod\u011b k proveden\u00ed ob\u0159adu por\u00e1\u017een\u00ed kobyly. Ras p\u0159e\u010dte nad kobylou rozsudek za domn\u011bl\u00e9 i skute\u010dn\u00e9 h\u0159\u00edchy, kobylu odsoud\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sd\u011bl\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm, jak bude nalo\u017eeno s jej\u00edmi \u00fady a \u010d\u00e1stmi jej\u00edho trupu. Po pora\u017een\u00ed kobyly cel\u00e1 ma\u0161kara sejme \u010depice a utvo\u0159\u00ed kolem kobyly kruh, muzika hraje poh\u0159ebn\u00ed p\u00edse\u0148. Po chv\u00edli zahraje muzika op\u011bt z vesela \u201d Kobylka mal\u00e1\u2026..\u201d, kobyla je vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161ena sklenkou alkoholu a t\u00edm kon\u010d\u00ed masopustn\u00ed obch\u016fzka.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010der se sejdou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni obyvatel\u00e9 obce, i mnoho p\u0159espoln\u00edch, na ma\u0161karn\u00edm plese za doprovodu \u0159\u00edzn\u00e9 dechovky. A op\u011bt se traduje, \u017ee kdo bude u muziky vysoko vyskakovat, tomu vyroste nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oves a bude m\u00edt velkou \u00farodu. D\u0159\u00edve, kdy\u017e se pr\u016fvody odehr\u00e1valy v \u00fater\u00fd, musela muzika skon\u010dit p\u0159esn\u011b o p\u016flnoci, proto\u017ee popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda byl ji\u017e za\u010d\u00e1tek p\u016fstu. Dnes se pravideln\u011b pr\u016fvodov\u00e9 vesel\u00ed beztrestn\u011b prot\u00e1hne ze sobotn\u00edho ve\u010dera a\u017e do ned\u011bln\u00edch rann\u00edch hodin.<\/p>\n

Tak by se daly uv\u00e9st je\u0161t\u011b nespo\u010detn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady mocn\u011b kvetouc\u00edho zvykoslov\u00ed na \u0160umav\u011b. T\u00fdkaly by se \u017e\u0148ov\u00fdch prac\u00ed, tance s jeho vesel\u00fdmi \u010dty\u0159ver\u0161\u00edmi a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak svatby. To, co u\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, v\u0161ak docela dob\u0159e posta\u010d\u00ed k tomu, aby vystihlo \u017eivot t\u011bchto lid\u00ed i s\u00edlu a prap\u016fvodnost jejich zp\u016fsobu my\u0161len\u00ed. K\u00e9\u017e jim z\u016fstane zachov\u00e1no i v nov\u00e9 dob\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho rozvoje, kter\u00e1 nyn\u00ed nast\u00e1v\u00e1, jim k po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1m pro radost.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Z\u00edbrt \u010cen\u011bk: Vesel\u00e9 chv\u00edle v \u017eivot\u011b lidu \u010desk\u00e9ho, svazek II. Masopust dr\u017e\u00edme. Praha: F. \u0160im\u00e1\u010dek, 1910<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Masopust <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":368293,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/11\/ram-symbolika.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338873"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=338873"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338873\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":368292,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338873\/revisions\/368292"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/368293"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=338873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=338873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=338873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}