{"id":337494,"date":"2025-02-19T23:36:26","date_gmt":"2025-02-19T22:36:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=337494"},"modified":"2025-02-19T23:37:15","modified_gmt":"2025-02-19T22:37:15","slug":"ze-sveta-nova-studie-odhaluje-populacni-historii-nejvetsi-pastevecke-skupiny-v-africe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=337494","title":{"rendered":"ZE SV\u011aTA: Studie odhaluje popula\u010dn\u00ed historii nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pasteveck\u00e9 skupiny v Africe"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Fulbov\u00e9 jsou pastevci ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed oblasti Afriky od \u010cadsk\u00e9ho jezera a\u017e po pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Atlantiku. Navzdory jejich \u0161irok\u00e9mu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ale z\u016fst\u00e1val p\u016fvod t\u00e9to populace nejasn\u00fd. Tito lid\u00e9 toti\u017e vedou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ko\u010dovn\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u017eivota, kter\u00fd nezanech\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoho dohledateln\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch stop. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f s v\u00fdraznou \u010deskou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed proto analyzoval genomick\u00e1 data t\u00e9to africk\u00e9 populace, kter\u00e1 poskytuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 informace o prav\u011bk\u00fdch migrac\u00edch a ukazuj\u00ed na m\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi populacemi z r\u016fzn\u00fdch africk\u00fdch region\u016f.<\/h6>\n

\"\"<\/a>\"\"V\u011bdci Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR v Praze pod veden\u00edm Viktora \u010cern\u00e9ho sb\u00edrali ji\u017e od roku 1999 vzorky v sedmi africk\u00fdch zem\u00edch sahelo-s\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma a spolupracovali s m\u00edstn\u00edmi komunitami Fulb\u016f. Na studii, kter\u00e1 navazuje na celou \u0159adu p\u0159edchoz\u00edch d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch studi\u00ed, se pod\u00edleli spole\u010dn\u011b s v\u011bdci z Univerzity Karlovy, Univerzity v Uppsale a Johns Hopkins v USA a nyn\u00ed ji publikovali v presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise American Journal of Human Genetics.<\/p>\n

\u201eAfrick\u00e9 populace jako Fulbov\u00e9 jsou st\u00e1le nedostate\u010dn\u011b zastoupeny v genomick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech a na\u0161e studie se sna\u017e\u00ed tuto mezeru vyplnit,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Cesar Fortes-Lima, popula\u010dn\u00ed genetik z Johns Hopkins University (USA) a hlavn\u00ed autor studie.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci shrom\u00e1\u017edili biologick\u00e9 vzorky od v\u00edce ne\u017e 460 Fulb\u016f z 18 lokalit od Mauret\u00e1nie a Senegalu a\u017e po \u010cad a provedli jejich genotypizaci prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm SNP array (DNA \u010dipu). \u201eTato studie p\u0159edstavuje jednu z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch evolu\u010dn\u011b-genetick\u00fdch studi\u00ed fulbsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Mame Yoro Diallo, doktorand Univerzity Karlovy v Praze.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u00edln\u00e9 skupiny<\/h6>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm na\u0161el souvislosti mezi kulturn\u00edmi, geografick\u00fdmi a genetick\u00fdmi vzorci r\u016fzn\u00fdch fulbsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed. \u201eNa\u0161e anal\u00fdza odhalila genetick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi lok\u00e1ln\u00edmi populacemi pod\u00e9l cel\u00e9 z\u00e1padov\u00fdchodn\u00ed linie, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jejich komplexn\u00ed genetickou historii formovanou vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdmi kontakty s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi m\u00edstn\u00edmi skupinami a rozli\u010dn\u00fdmi demografick\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje d\u00e1le Mame Yoro Diallo.<\/p>\n

Studie tak\u00e9 poukazuje na d\u016fle\u017eitost zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota populace Fulb\u016f. \u201eJejich strategie z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u017eivy ovlivnily genetickou diverzitu m\u00edstn\u00edch populac\u00ed i jejich popula\u010dn\u00ed strukturu,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 antropolog Viktor \u010cern\u00fd z Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR v Praze.<\/p>\n

Dlouh\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 historie a spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u016fvod<\/h6>\n

\"\"<\/a>V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 na\u0161li unik\u00e1tn\u00ed genetickou slo\u017eku u v\u0161ech studovan\u00fdch fulbsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed, co\u017e nazna\u010duje sd\u00edlen\u00fd spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u016fvod pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se vznikem africk\u00e9ho pastevectv\u00ed b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed \u201ezelen\u00e9\u201c Sahary (p\u0159ed 12 000\u20135000 lety). Carina Schlebusch, evolu\u010dn\u00ed geneti\u010dka z Univerzity v Uppsale (\u0160v\u00e9dsko) dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eSrovn\u00e1n\u00ed genetick\u00fdch dat Fulb\u016f a dat z\u00edskan\u00fdch ze starov\u011bk\u00fdch koster severn\u00ed Afriky identifikovalo p\u0159\u00edtomnost genetick\u00e9 slo\u017eky spojen\u00e9 se starov\u011bk\u00fdmi iberomaursk\u00fdmi skupinami, co\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 poznatky o jejich dlouh\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 historii i d\u00e1vn\u00fdch kontaktech s populacemi Maghrebu, jako jsou Berbe\u0159i.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Jednotliv\u00e9 populace Fulb\u016f nav\u00edc vykazuj\u00ed genetick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky i od jin\u00fdch africk\u00fdch skupin ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed, st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afriky. \u201eUkazuje se tedy, \u017ee b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 500 let mohly trans-saharsk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed cesty hr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v rozvoji rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a \u017ee je mohli zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vat pr\u00e1v\u011b Fulbov\u00e9, co\u017e umo\u017enilo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pastevectv\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d p\u00e1smem africk\u00e9ho sahelu i \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b i mimo n\u011bj. Ostatn\u011b o kontaktech Fulb\u016f a Arab\u016f v\u00fdchodn\u011b od \u010cadsk\u00e9ho jezera, jsme v\u011bdeckou komunitu informovali ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje antropolog Viktor \u010cern\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 studie je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 nejen pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed historii fulbsk\u00e9 populace jako celku, ale obecn\u011b i pro studium genetick\u00e9 diverzity africk\u00fdch populac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Odkaz na studii: Population History and Admixture of the Fulani People from the Sahel. Fortes-Lima C. A., Diallo M. Y., Janou\u0161ek V., \u010cern\u00fd V., Schlebusch C. M. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2025, 112(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2024.12.015<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Studie byla podpo\u0159ena n\u011bkolika grantov\u00fdmi projekty, v\u010detn\u011b Akademick\u00e9 pr\u00e9mie Viktora \u010cern\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Informujeme:<\/h6>\n

ZE SV\u011aTA: Archeologick\u00e9 objevy t\u00fdmu v\u011bdc\u016f vypl\u0148uj\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e1 m\u00edsta na map\u011b Ar\u00e1bie<\/a><\/h4>\n

\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Archeologov\u00e9 odkryli pobl\u00ed\u017e Prahy s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b star\u00e9 7000 let<\/a><\/h4>\n

ZE SV\u011aTA: Lid\u00e9 \u017eili v Africe i daleko od \u0159ek a jezer. \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci odhaluj\u00ed klimatickou historii Sahelu<\/a><\/h4>\n

ZE SV\u011aTA: \u0158\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci si nech\u00e1vali krou\u017ekov\u00e9 panc\u00ed\u0159e opravovat, potvrdil v\u00fdzkum s \u010deskou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed<\/a><\/h4>\n
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  Fulbov\u00e9 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":337505,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/17\/Mali06_3861.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337494"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=337494"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337494\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":337737,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337494\/revisions\/337737"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/337505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=337494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=337494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=337494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}