{"id":334875,"date":"2025-01-31T18:03:38","date_gmt":"2025-01-31T17:03:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=334875"},"modified":"2025-01-31T18:03:38","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T17:03:38","slug":"ceska-republika-triky-prirody-vedci-odhaluji-jak-vznikaji-nova-antibiotika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=334875","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Triky p\u0159\u00edrody: V\u011bdci odhaluj\u00ed, jak vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e1 antibiotika"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zden\u011bk Kamen\u00edk, vedouc\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u00fdmu z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"\"Ztr\u00e1ta \u00fa\u010dinnosti antibiotik v d\u016fsledku rostouc\u00ed odolnosti patogenn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvu pro modern\u00ed medic\u00ednu a v\u011bdu. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR ve spolupr\u00e1ci s v\u011bdci z Tokijsk\u00e9 univerzity se poda\u0159ilo de\u0161ifrovat kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed mechanismus, kter\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edroda \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b p\u016fdn\u00ed mikroorganismy \u2013 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed antibiotika ze skupiny linkosamid\u016f. Tento v\u00fdzkum, publikovan\u00fd v presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise Nature Chemistry, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed poznatky o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch mechanismech tvorby linkosamid\u016f, je\u017e lze vyu\u017e\u00edt i p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu antibiotik nov\u00e9 generace.<\/h6>\n

Linkosamidov\u00e1 antibiotika jsou efektivn\u00ed v boji proti z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edm infekc\u00edm v\u010detn\u011b takov\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 rezistentn\u00ed patogeny. \u010cesk\u00fd t\u00fdm u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve dos\u00e1hl \u00fasp\u011bchu vytvo\u0159en\u00edm vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho hybridn\u00edho linkosamidov\u00e9ho antibiotika, kter\u00e9 kombinuje vlastnosti dvou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch l\u00e1tek. \u201eTento \u00fasp\u011bch byl mo\u017en\u00fd d\u00edky na\u0161emu objevu, \u017ee dva velmi podobn\u00e9 enzymy z p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch biosyntetick\u00fdch drah katalyzuj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 reakce,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Zden\u011bk Kamen\u00edk, vedouc\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u00fdmu z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR (MB\u00da AV \u010cR).<\/p>\n

V\u00fdrobn\u00ed linka antibiotik<\/h6>\n

Biosynt\u00e9za antibiotik funguje jako promy\u0161len\u00e1 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linka v tov\u00e1rn\u011b. Na jej\u00edm za\u010d\u00e1tku je jednoduch\u00e1 molekula, kterou lze naj\u00edt v ka\u017ed\u00e9 bu\u0148ce. Jen n\u011bkolik p\u016fdn\u00edch mikroorganism\u016f m\u00e1 v\u0161ak specializovan\u00e9 enzymy, tedy \u201ed\u011bln\u00edky\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed tuto molekulu postupn\u011b upravuj\u00ed. Krok za krokem vznik\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u00e1 l\u00e1tka p\u0159esn\u011b tvarovan\u00e1 tak, aby se dok\u00e1zala p\u0159icvaknout k ribozom\u016fm patogenn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00fdm tak znemo\u017en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed existenci.<\/p>\n

\u201eKa\u017ed\u00fd enzym ve v\u00fdrobn\u00ed lince m\u00e1 specifick\u00fd \u00fakol. My jsme zjistili, co zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee dva podobn\u00e9 enzymy ze dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 funkce, co\u017e vede k produkci rozd\u00edln\u00fdch linkosamidov\u00fdch antibiotik,\u201c<\/em> popisuje \u010dlen t\u00fdmu Stanislav Kadl\u010d\u00edk z MB\u00da AV \u010cR. V aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu v\u011bdci detailn\u011b objasnili, jak odli\u0161n\u00e9 \u201e\u0161roubov\u00e1ky a kl\u00ed\u010de\u201c tato dvojice enzym\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, aby spr\u00e1vn\u011b plnily svou roli. Tyto poznatky zahrnuj\u00ed p\u0159esnou identifikaci kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch aminokyselin v katalytick\u00e9m centru enzym\u016f a jejich vliv na v\u00fdslednou chemickou strukturu antibiotik.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edroda um\u00ed \u201ep\u0159eprogramovat\u201c enzymy pouhou v\u00fdm\u011bnou n\u011bkolika aminokyselin, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se cel\u00fd biosyntetick\u00fd proces posune do jin\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy a vznikne odli\u0161n\u00e1 l\u00e1tka. \u201eTyto znalosti n\u00e1m ukazuj\u00ed, jak p\u0159\u00edroda vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e9 antibiotick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. M\u016f\u017eeme je vyu\u017e\u00edt nejen k pochopen\u00ed evoluce t\u011bchto proces\u016f, ale i k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b nov\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 budou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 i proti st\u00e1le odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edm patogen\u016fm,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Zden\u011bk Kamen\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Tento dlouhodob\u00fd v\u00fdzkum byl podpo\u0159en \u0159adou grant\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b presti\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie Lumina Quaeruntur od Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na podporu mlad\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f.<\/p>\n

Odkaz na publikaci: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41557-024-01687-7<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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