![\"\"](\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/03\/LEDEN-NA-SUMAVE.jpg\")
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Leden<\/strong> N\u00e1zev m\u011bs\u00edce je odvozen s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed od slova led, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt v tomto obdob\u00ed charakteristick\u00fdm znakem po\u010das\u00ed. V Evrop\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1zev januar, janvas, janvier, january m\u00e1 sv\u016fj p\u016fvod u \u0158\u00edman\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed naz\u00fdvali sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc januarius. Toto pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u016fj po\u010d\u00e1tek v bohu v\u0161eho d\u011bn\u00ed a po\u010d\u00e1tku dne, kter\u00fd se jmenoval Janus a kter\u00fd m\u011bl dv\u011b tv\u00e1\u0159e, d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed se vp\u0159ed a vzad.<\/p>\n M\u011bs\u00edc leden b\u00fdval d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eov\u00e1n za m\u011bs\u00edc odpo\u010dinku, jeliko\u017e se nedalo pracovat v lese ani na poli. Slovo \u201eodpo\u010dinek\u201c bylo v\u0161ak zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00e1len\u00ed se na peci. Dokud to po\u010das\u00ed umo\u017enilo, opravovala se lidsk\u00e1 staven\u00ed, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbytky a stroje a n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed se chystaly na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed sez\u00f3nu. Pouze v dob\u00e1ch t\u0159eskut\u00fdch mraz\u016f se lid\u00e9 p\u0159esouvali dovnit\u0159 staven\u00ed.<\/p>\n Byla to doba, kdy se \u010dlenov\u00e9 rodiny sesedli u rozeh\u0159\u00e1t\u00fdch kamen a za zvuku praskaj\u00edc\u00edch pol\u00ednek si vypr\u00e1v\u011bli poh\u00e1dky i tajemn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy. Tehdy se rodily dodnes pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 b\u00e1je a pov\u011bsti. I p\u0159es nelehkou dobu to b\u00fdval \u010das v\u0161emi milovan\u00fd. \u017deny jej vyu\u017e\u00edvaly na p\u0159eden\u00ed p\u0159\u00edz\u00ed, dran\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed, tkan\u00ed kobere\u010dk\u016f, \u0161it\u00ed, vy\u0161\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, pali\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo pleten\u00ed prout\u011bn\u00fdch ko\u0161\u00edk\u016f. P\u00e1nov\u00e9 se v\u011bnovali pr\u00e1ci se d\u0159evem nebo prout\u00edm a pod jejich rukama vznikaly va\u0159e\u010dky, m\u011bcha\u010dky, hr\u00e1b\u011b \u010di ko\u0161\u0165ata nebo t\u0159eba obl\u00edben\u00e9 pantofle, zvan\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u00e1ky. Ru\u010dn\u011b se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly i st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed \u0161indele. Prodej t\u011bchto v\u00fdrobk\u016f byl \u010dasto jedin\u00fdm zimn\u00edm zdrojem p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f.<\/p>\n V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Slovan\u00e9 naz\u00fdvali leden – m\u011bs\u00edcem vlka. Pro\u010d, to nen\u00ed zcela jist\u00e9, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 to souviselo pr\u00e1v\u011b s lednovou tuhou zimou a jejich obavami, \u017ee hladem str\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed vlci se mohou p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit do bl\u00edzkosti lidsk\u00fdch obydl\u00ed.<\/p>\n K lednu se v\u00e1\u017ee asi \u00fapln\u011b nejv\u00edc pranostik ze v\u0161ech ro\u010dn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Mezi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed po\u0159ekadlo \u201eJak na Nov\u00fd rok, tak po cel\u00fd rok\u201c. Poch\u00e1z\u00ed z doby, kdy je\u0161t\u011b silvestrovsk\u00e9 bujar\u00e9 oslavy neexistovaly a lid\u00e9 na Nov\u00fd rok vst\u00e1vali st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00ed, odpo\u010dat\u00ed a plni energie. V\u011bt\u0161ina star\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch r\u010den\u00ed se v\u0161ak vztahuje k po\u010das\u00ed. Zima m\u00edvala za \u00fakol p\u0159ipravit p\u016fdu na jarn\u00ed v\u00fdsadbu a d\u00e1t z\u00e1klad dobr\u00e9 budouc\u00ed \u00farod\u011b. P\u016fda pod sn\u011bhem odpo\u010d\u00edvala a nab\u00edrala s\u00edlu a dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mrazy likvidovaly choroby a \u0161k\u016fdce. Naopak tepl\u00e9 a de\u0161tiv\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed bylo v tuto dobu ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, proto\u017ee p\u016fdu zna\u010dn\u011b vysilovalo.<\/p>\n V pranostik\u00e1ch na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f jsou ukryta moudra i \u017eivotn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, je\u017e plat\u00ed dodnes. Sta\u010d\u00ed jim jen um\u011bt dob\u0159e naslouchat. Tady je p\u00e1r z nich:<\/p>\n Kdy\u017e dne p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1, mr\u00e1z siln\u011b p\u00e1l\u00edv\u00e1.<\/em> Fabi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 zima. Dnes u\u017e ten v\u00fdraz ne\u0159ekne asi nikomu nic. U\u017e v roce 1758 Samuel Johnson napsal, \u017ee kdy\u017e se potkaj\u00ed dva Angli\u010dan\u00e9, hned se za\u010dnou bavit o po\u010das\u00ed. Kolem po\u010das\u00ed se \u010dasto to\u010d\u00ed i lednov\u00e9 pranostiky. U\u017e na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 vypozorovali takzvanou novoro\u010dn\u00ed zimu, kter\u00e1 s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u0161edes\u00e1tiprocentn\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed po v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed oblev\u011b a na p\u0159elomu star\u00e9ho a nov\u00e9ho roku p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed citeln\u00e9 ochlazen\u00ed. Po n\u00ed nast\u00e1v\u00e1 logicky o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9, takzvan\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 oteplen\u00ed, po n\u011bm ale ude\u0159\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 ps\u00ed dny. Do nich pat\u0159\u00ed Hyginsk\u00e1 zima, prisk\u00e9 oteplen\u00ed a hlavn\u011b Fabi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 zima.<\/p>\n Alois Mr\u0161t\u00edk, Vil\u00e9m Mr\u0161t\u00edk ve sv\u00e9m Roku na vsi o lednu napsali:<\/strong> Pranostika \u201eNa svat\u00e9ho Hygina (11.1.) prav\u00e1 zima za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1\u201c je jasn\u00e1: obvykle mezi 7. a 14. lednem p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed jedno z nejstuden\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00ed v roce. St\u0159\u00eddat je m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edrn\u00e9 \u201eprisk\u00e9\u201c oteplen\u00ed, a to kolem 18. ledna na svatou Prisku (Svat\u00e1 Priska pod san\u011bmi p\u00edsk\u00e1) a po nich, v posledn\u00ed dek\u00e1d\u011b ledna, nast\u00e1v\u00e1 krut\u00e1 Fabi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 zima. Jm\u00e9no dostala podle sv. Fabi\u00e1na a \u0160ebesti\u00e1na 20. 1. a dostavuje s pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed a\u017e 65 %.<\/p>\n Co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed o Fabi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 zim\u011b pranostiky? Fabi\u00e1nsk\u00fd mr\u00e1z net\u00e1hne jen lidov\u00fdmi pranostikami, fabi\u00e1nskou zimu zn\u00e1 i kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 literatura: v roce 1903 jej\u00ed krutost sugestivn\u011b vyl\u00ed\u010dil spisovatel Alois Mr\u0161t\u00edk v rom\u00e1nu Rok na vsi. B\u00fdval to tak\u00e9 \u010das zabija\u010dek a ledov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy hospod\u0161t\u00ed z rybn\u00edk\u016f vysek\u00e1vali kusy ledu a vozili je do sklep\u016f. Tam pro chlazen\u00ed uskladn\u011bn\u00e9ho piva led vydr\u017eel a\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku l\u00e9ta. A aby v\u0161echno nevyzn\u011blo tak optimisticky, k dispozici byla i jedovat\u00e1 pranostika Na svat\u00e9ho \u0160ebesti\u00e1na se mus\u00ed n\u011bkdo utopit, nebo zmrznout.<\/p>\n Fabi\u00e1nsk\u00fd mr\u00e1z ale v p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el jen zmar a smrt, lid\u00e9 si nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed roku spojovali i se znamen\u00edm nov\u00e9ho jara. D\u00e1vn\u00e9 pranostiky tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ena svat\u00e9ho Fabi\u00e1na strom\u016fm op\u011bt m\u00edza d\u00e1na\u201c anebo \u201ekdy\u017e p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed Fabi\u00e1n se \u0160ebesti\u00e1nem, je mo\u017eno ve stromech zaslechnout novou m\u00edzu\u201c. V kolob\u011bhu roku to byl \u010das, kdy se konec st\u00e1val z\u00e1rove\u0148 po\u010d\u00e1tkem.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Leden <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":365365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/01\/ram-lednove.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333407"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=333407"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":365364,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333407\/revisions\/365364"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/365365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=333407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=333407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=333407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nO k\u0159ehk\u00e9 holi, kut\u00e9 z ledu,<\/em>
\njde leden, p\u0159\u00edtel neposed\u016f;<\/em>
\nti, u\u0161i skryt\u00e9 do beranic,<\/em>
\nse sm\u00edchem b\u011b\u017e\u00ed v\u011btrem v\u00e1nic.<\/em>
\nTo nen\u00ed h\u016fl a rampouch ani,<\/em>
\njej\u017e najde\u0161 v oknech po sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/em>
\nto starod\u00e1vn\u00e1 p\u00ed\u0161\u0165ala je<\/em>
\na ze v\u0161ech nejsmutn\u011bji hraje,<\/em>
\nkdy\u017e do hork\u00fdch ji vezme\u0161 dlan\u00ed.<\/em>
\nO smutku zp\u00edv\u00e1 v b\u00edl\u00e9 kr\u00e1se<\/em>
\na ihned v slz\u00e1ch rozpl\u00fdv\u00e1 se.<\/em> (Jaroslav Seifert)<\/strong><\/p>\nLednov\u00e9 pozvoln\u00e9 prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dne komentuj\u00ed pranostiky, n\u011bkter\u00e9 se zachovaly dodnes – nap\u0159\u00edklad Na Bo\u017e\u00ed narozen\u00ed (25.12.) o ku\u0159\u00ed pokro\u010den\u00ed, Na Nov\u00fd rok o slepi\u010d\u00ed krok, Na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le (6. ledna) o krok d\u00e1le \u010di Na Hromnice (2. \u00fanora) o hodinu v\u00edce.<\/h6>\n
\nLeden ve dne sv\u00edt\u00ed a v noci p\u00e1l\u00ed.<\/em>
\nV lednu za pec si sednu.<\/em>
\nJak\u00fd leden, takov\u00fd \u010dervenec.<\/em>
\nLednov\u00ed druhov\u00e9 \u2013 v\u00e1nice a mrazov\u00e9.<\/em>
\nJe-li leden nejost\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed, bude ro\u010dek nejplodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/em>
\nLeden studen\u00fd \u2013 duben zelen\u00fd.<\/em>
\nTepl\u00fd leden, k nouzi krok jen jeden.<\/em>
\nZelen\u00e9 \u017eito v lednu na poli, po \u017en\u00edch budou pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 stodoly.<\/em>
\nL\u00e9taj\u00ed-li v lednu mouchy, bude rok na \u00farodu skoup\u00fd.<\/em>
\nLeden b\u00edl\u00fd je sedl\u00e1kovi mil\u00fd.<\/em><\/p>\n
\n\u201eFabi\u00e1nsk\u00e1! Zima cik\u00e1nsk\u00e1. I b\u00edl\u00e9 zuby na mrazu zrozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed sk\u0159\u00edpaj\u00ed bolest\u00ed v d\u011bsn\u00e9m jej\u00edm objet\u00ed. Snad v\u0161echno, v\u0161ecko chce ub\u00edt a zni\u010dit \u2014 pr\u00e1sk\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi vich\u0159icemi v divok\u00e9m tanci spla\u0161en\u00fdch \u017eivl\u016f, a kdy\u017e utichne \u2014 leh\u00e1 na nivy a v\u0161echnu \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodu jak zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00e1 smrt. \u2014 \u2014 Ptactvo z pol\u00ed a les\u016f dor\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a\u017e ke dve\u0159\u00edm chat \u2014 i straky opustily samoty, a k\u00fdvaj\u00edce smutn\u011b dlouhou svou oj\u00ed, sl\u00eddiv\u011b p\u00e1traj\u00ed po d\u011bdin\u011b, \u010d\u00edm by zahnaly pta\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj hlad. Tvrd\u00ed, v\u0161em psot\u00e1m uvykl\u00ed havrani, vyhubl\u00ed a\u017e na kost a krotc\u00ed jak sl\u00edpky ze dvor\u016f, u\u017e ani neodl\u00e9taj\u00ed, chocholat\u00e9 trp\u011blky s pe\u0159\u00edm od zimy z\u010dechran\u00fdm kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm, mal\u00e1tn\u00fdm letem vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se noze osam\u011bl\u00e9ho chodce a znovu znaven\u011b s bolestn\u00fdm crkotem hledaj\u00ed po silnici t\u011b\u017ece zas ou\u017een\u00fd, v\u00fdkaly sm\u00edchan\u00fd a sn\u011bhem pozm\u00edtan\u00fd zob. \u2014 Vrabci a\u017e do s\u00edn\u011b dor\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed a drze kradou n\u011bjak\u00e9 to tvrd\u00e9 zrnko nebo \u017edibec va\u0159en\u00e9ho zem\u00e1ku hozen\u00e9ho slepic\u00edm a ka\u010den\u00e1m. Na hru\u0161i skulinky u\u017e nen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by nebyl datl\u00edk prohledal a hn\u00e1n hladem a\u017e na okno se odv\u00e1\u017eil, hledaje v \u010dervoto\u010div\u00fdch r\u00e1mech b\u00eddnou svoji v\u00fd\u017eivu. Dr\u016fbe\u017e z kurn\u00edku u\u017e ani nevyl\u00e9z\u00e1, i v holubn\u00edc\u00edch ticho \u2014 z boudy vyl\u00e9z\u00e1 a ihned zase zal\u00e9z\u00e1 zimou sku\u010d\u00edc\u00ed pes.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n
\nFabi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 zima p\u00e1l\u00ed.<\/em>
\nNa svat\u00e9ho Fabi\u00e1na cesta zvon\u00ed pod nohama.<\/em>
\nFabi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 mrazy m\u00e1lokdy sch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/em>
\nSvat\u00fd Fabi\u00e1n \u2013 zimy p\u00e1n.<\/em>
\nNa Fabi\u00e1na a \u0160ebesti\u00e1na za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se prav\u00e1 zima.<\/em><\/p>\n
\n