{"id":333007,"date":"2026-01-10T14:38:43","date_gmt":"2026-01-10T13:38:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=333007"},"modified":"2026-01-10T14:38:43","modified_gmt":"2026-01-10T13:38:43","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-take-snehulak-ma-svoji-historii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=333007","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Tak\u00e9 sn\u011bhul\u00e1k m\u00e1 svoji historii"},"content":{"rendered":"

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I kdy\u017e sn\u011bhul\u00e1k roztaje, v d\u011btsk\u00e9 du\u0161i p\u0159e\u010dk\u00e1 stalet\u00ed. T\u0159i koule sn\u011bhu, dva uhl\u00edky, mrkev, \u0161\u00e1la, po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd hrnec a sn\u011bhul\u00e1k je na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jak se sn\u011bhul\u00e1k stav\u00ed, v\u00ed snad ka\u017ed\u00e9 mal\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b. Kdy ale lid\u00e9 za\u010dali vytv\u00e1\u0159et postavi\u010dky ze sn\u011bhu, nev\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b nikdo.<\/h6>\n

Stav\u011bn\u00ed postav ze sn\u011bhu je aktivitou s dlouhou histori\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed zat\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o sn\u011bhul\u00e1kovi je z mal\u00e9 modlitebn\u00ed knihy z roku 1380. Jedn\u00e1 se o tak zvanou knihu hodinek – Liber horarum, ur\u010denou pro osobn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017en\u00fdch laik\u016f. Tyto knihy byly velmi zdobn\u00e9 a iluminace se t\u00fdkaly i norm\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota, a proto se z\u0159ejm\u011b dostalo i na \u017eertovnou kresbi\u010dku zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed sn\u011bhul\u00e1ka. V t\u011bchto knih\u00e1ch se ov\u0161em v\u016fbec ne\u017eertovalo, ale poukazovalo se na pom\u00edjivost \u017eivota \u2013 z\u0159ejm\u011b proto sn\u011bhov\u00e1 postava mu\u017ee sed\u00ed na trojno\u017ece a pod n\u00edm je ohe\u0148. Jak lapid\u00e1rn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee chv\u00edli je a za chv\u00edli nen\u00ed. Kdy\u017e si tato figurka na\u0161la cestu i do takov\u00e9to kn\u00ed\u017eky, lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee to byla mezi lidmi zn\u00e1m\u00e1 a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 z\u00e1bava a taky velmi star\u00e1 tradice. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00fd doklad o sn\u011bhul\u00e1kovi poch\u00e1z\u00ed z druh\u00e9 poloviny 16. stolet\u00ed, a to z pera samotn\u00e9ho slavn\u00e9ho anglick\u00e9ho dramatika Williama Shakespeara, kter\u00fd o n\u011bm psal v dramatu Richard II.<\/p>\n

Obliba tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhul\u00e1k\u016f vzrostla v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 18. stolet\u00ed, kdy tak\u00e9 vzniklo jeho pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed. To se objevilo roku 1770 v jedn\u00e9 d\u011btsk\u00e9 knize vydan\u00e9 v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Lipsku. Tak\u00e9 nejstar\u0161\u00ed obraz sn\u011bhul\u00e1ka byl vytvo\u0159en v 18. stolet\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o m\u011bdirytinu polsk\u00e9ho um\u011blce Daniela Nikolause Chodowieckiho p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edho v N\u011bmecku, kter\u00fd se proslavil zejm\u00e9na jako ilustr\u00e1tor knih. Na jeho zobrazen\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed sn\u011bhul\u00e1k pon\u011bkud d\u011bsiv\u00fdm dojmem \u2013 m\u00e1 toti\u017e zlov\u011bstn\u00fd v\u00fdraz a v ruce v\u00fdstra\u017en\u011b sv\u00edr\u00e1 ko\u0161t\u011b. Tato podoba m\u00e1 jednoduch\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Tehdy byla zima vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako obdob\u00ed b\u00eddy, od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed a smutku, a proto ani postava vymodelovan\u00e1 ze sn\u011bhu nemohla p\u016fsobit pozitivn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Teprve b\u011bhem 19. stolet\u00ed se pohled lid\u00ed na zimn\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed zm\u011bnil, a tak se tak\u00e9 sn\u011bhul\u00e1k stal figurou veselou, zn\u00e1zor\u0148ovanou s mil\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem ve tv\u00e1\u0159i. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v 19. stolet\u00ed se zrodilo stav\u011bn\u00ed sn\u011bhul\u00e1k\u016f coby obl\u00edben\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00e1 kratochv\u00edle, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det dochovan\u00fdch ilustrac\u00ed z d\u011btsk\u00fdch knih nebo motiv\u016f v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch pohlednic z t\u00e9to doby. V prosinci roku 1892 byl nap\u0159\u00edklad oti\u0161t\u011bn idylick\u00fd zimn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek s dominantn\u00ed sn\u011bhovou postavou v periodiku And\u011bl str\u00e1\u017en\u00fd s podtitulem<\/p>\n

\u010casopis pro k\u0159es\u0165anskou ml\u00e1de\u017e s dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm textem: \u201eNastala zima \u2013 trudn\u00e1 zima. Mrzne p\u016fda, sn\u011bhov\u00e9 vlo\u010dky poletuj\u00ed vzduchem, cel\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edroda tak\u0159ka odum\u0159ela. A p\u0159ece p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zima tak mnoh\u00e9 radosti, na kter\u00e9 se t\u011b\u0161\u00edvaj\u00ed velc\u00ed i mal\u00ed. Pohle\u010fte jen na p\u011bkn\u00fd obr\u00e1zek, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m str\u00fd\u010dek ku sv\u00e9mu psan\u00ed p\u0159ipojuje, a d\u00e1te zajist\u00e9 za pravdu jeho slov\u016fm. Jak\u00fd to vesel\u00fd \u017eivot ve sn\u011bhu a na led\u011b! Tu stoj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rozko\u0161n\u00fd sn\u011bhul\u00e1k s nosem \u0161pi\u010dat\u00fdm, s \u00fasty nak\u0159iven\u00fdmi, s podivn\u00fdm kloboukem; hroz\u00ed ko\u0161t\u011btem, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd se ho neboj\u00ed, ani ten pt\u00e1\u010dek ne, jen\u017e sed\u011b na k\u0159ehk\u00e9 ratolesti pokukuje na divn\u00e9ho b\u011blocha, kter\u00e9ho\u017e postavil d\u00edtek rozmar vesel\u00fd.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Od po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed ji\u017e tvo\u0159il sn\u011bhul\u00e1k ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st zimy i v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f, kdy zapl\u0148oval m\u00edsto nejenom na ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch pohlednic\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch strome\u010dc\u00edch v podob\u011b ozdobi\u010dek nebo v obchodech jako v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed reklama. Tehdy se ji\u017e sn\u011bhul\u00e1k pomalu st\u00e1val komer\u010dn\u00ed postavou, tento aspekt se naplno projevil v modern\u00ed dob\u011b, kdy pronikl do obchodn\u00edch center, televizn\u00edch reklam, literatury, popul\u00e1rn\u00edch p\u00edsn\u00ed nebo rodinn\u00fdch v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch film\u016f.<\/p>\n

U n\u00e1s od 30. do 50. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed do sv\u00fdch ilustrac\u00ed sn\u011bhul\u00e1ky \u010dasto zahrnoval Josef Lada. Sn\u011bhul\u00e1k nejen \u017ee z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postavou zimy, ale tak\u00e9 se objevuje v r\u016fzn\u00fdch filmech, p\u00edsn\u00edch, knih\u00e1ch a dokonce i v reklam\u00e1ch. A\u0165 u\u017e jde o \u201eFrozen\u201c a jej\u00edho Olafova, nebo o popul\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b o sn\u011bhul\u00e1kovi, jako je zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 \u201eFrosty the Snowman\u201c, sn\u011bhul\u00e1k si dr\u017e\u00ed sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto v srdci mnoha generac\u00ed. Je symbolem zimn\u00ed radosti, d\u011btstv\u00ed a n\u00e1dechu nostalgie, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, jak je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si u\u017e\u00edvat jednoduch\u00e9 okam\u017eiky v \u017eivot\u011b. A\u0165 u\u017e je sn\u011bhul\u00e1k mal\u00fd nebo ob\u0159\u00ed, ru\u010dn\u011b vyroben\u00fd nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed, jedno je jist\u00e9 \u2014 zimn\u00ed radost nikdy nevyjde z m\u00f3dy.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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