{"id":332633,"date":"2024-12-30T08:59:04","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T07:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=332633"},"modified":"2024-12-30T08:59:04","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T07:59:04","slug":"vseobecna-zdravotni-pojistovna-lecba-zlucnikove-koliky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=332633","title":{"rendered":"V\u0160EOBECN\u00c1 ZDRAVOTN\u00cd POJI\u0160\u0164OVNA: L\u00e9\u010dba \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 koliky"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

OT\u00c1ZKA:<\/h6>\n
Co je to \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 kolika a jak toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dit?<\/b><\/h6>\n
ODPOV\u011a\u010e:<\/h6>\n

\u017dlu\u010dn\u00edk je mal\u00fd hru\u0161kovit\u00fd org\u00e1n nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se pod j\u00e1try na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b b\u0159icha. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00ed soustavy a jeho hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed je skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a koncentrace \u017elu\u010di \u2013 tekutiny produkovan\u00e9 j\u00e1try, kter\u00e1 je spolu s\u00a0enzymy tvo\u0159en\u00fdmi slinivkou b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 natr\u00e1ven\u00ed potravy.\u00a0Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku a \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch cest jsou \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9 kameny<\/b>\u00a0(tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 kameny).<\/b><\/p>\n

Kameny, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010dasto dlouhodob\u011b bezp\u0159\u00edznakov\u00e9. Mohou v\u0161ak b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vzniku akutn\u00edho i chronick\u00e9ho z\u00e1n\u011btu \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku.\u00a0<\/b>Drobn\u00e9 kam\u00e9nky mohou dokonce proj\u00edt \u017elu\u010dovodem do st\u0159eva a b\u00fdt tak vylou\u010deny stolic\u00ed. Stav je pak obvykle prov\u00e1zen neur\u010dit\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky jako nechutenstv\u00ed a ob\u010dasnou nevolnost\u00ed.\u00a0\u017dlu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 kolika (bili\u00e1rn\u00ed kolika) je stav, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017elu\u010dovod\u016f kameny nebo i jin\u00fdmi p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami. T<\/b>o m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k bolestem, za\u017e\u00edvac\u00edm obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm komplikac\u00edm<\/b>. \u017dlu\u010dn\u00edk ale mohou postihnout i dal\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159. z\u00e1n\u011bt nitrojatern\u00edch \u017elu\u010dovod\u016f \u010di n\u00e1dory \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku a \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch cest.<\/p>\n

Jak se projevuje \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 kolika?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bili\u00e1rn\u00ed kolika, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00fd z\u00e1chvat, se projevuje n\u00e1hlou intenzivn\u00ed bolest\u00ed v prav\u00e9m pod\u017eeb\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u010dasto vyst\u0159eluje do zad nebo pod pravou lopatku.<\/b>\u00a0Typick\u00fdmi doprovodn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou k\u0159e\u010de, nevolnost a zvracen\u00ed.<\/b>\u00a0V t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k rozvoji z\u00e1n\u011btu \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku, kter\u00fd se projevuje hore\u010dkou, zimnic\u00ed, t\u0159esavkou a celkov\u00fdm zhor\u0161en\u00edm zdravotn\u00edho stavu.<\/b>\u00a0Pokud z\u00e1n\u011bt postoup\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit z\u00e1n\u011bt pob\u0159i\u0161nice nebo celkovou sepsi. P\u0159i del\u0161\u00edm zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed odtoku \u017elu\u010di do st\u0159eva vznik\u00e1 \u017eloutenka\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/b>\u017elut\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edho b\u011blma a poko\u017eky. Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou z\u00e1va\u017enou komplikac\u00ed je vznik akutn\u00edho z\u00e1n\u011btu slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed.\u00a0Z\u00e1chvaty obvykle trvaj\u00ed n\u011bkolik minut a\u017e hodin, \u010dasto se objevuj\u00ed v noci a b\u00fdvaj\u00ed vyvol\u00e1ny konzumac\u00ed tu\u010dn\u00fdch, t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch nebo dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00fdch j\u00eddel. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch jedinc\u016f mohou b\u00fdt spou\u0161t\u011b\u010dem specifick\u00e9 potraviny, jako je \u010desnek, cibule nebo alkohol, ale tak\u00e9 stres nebo fyzick\u00e1 n\u00e1maha.<\/b><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 koliky?<\/b><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mohou b\u00fdt \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9 kameny, kter\u00e9 se doposud nijak neprojevovaly.<\/b>\u00a0Riziko vzniku kamen\u016f zvy\u0161uje nevhodn\u00e1 \u017eivotospr\u00e1va, zejm\u00e9na dieta bohat\u00e1 na tuky. Svou roli zde hraj\u00ed i genetick\u00e9 faktory.\u00a0Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko maj\u00ed \u017eeny, osoby star\u0161\u00ed 40 let a t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny, u nich\u017e hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny zvy\u0161uj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost tvorby kamen\u016f a t\u00edm i \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00fdch z\u00e1chvat\u016f.<\/b>\u00a0Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed faktory pat\u0159\u00ed cukrovka, rychl\u00fd \u00fabytek hmotnosti, nedostatek pohybu, stres nebo u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad antikoncepce.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou mo\u017enosti l\u00e9\u010dby \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 koliky?<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e9\u010dba se odv\u00edj\u00ed od p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a z\u00e1va\u017enosti p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f<\/b>. U leh\u010d\u00edch z\u00e1chvat\u016f lze\u00a0podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd \u017elu\u010dn\u00edk zklidnit pomoc\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f proti bolesti a l\u00e9k\u016f uvol\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch stahy \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0dietou. Spr\u00e1vnou funkci \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku mohou podpo\u0159it bylinkov\u00e9 \u010daje.\u00a0N\u011bkdy pom\u016f\u017ee \u00falevov\u00e1 poloha, nap\u0159\u00edklad ulehnut\u00ed do klub\u00ed\u010dka.\u00a0V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00fd z\u00e1chvat doprov\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00e9 bolesti, je nezbytn\u00e9 ihned vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc.<\/b>\u00a0B\u011bhem z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 formy \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 koliky se nedoporu\u010duje konzumovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 j\u00eddlo a pit\u00ed.<\/b><\/p>\n

Diagnostika \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 koliky zahrnuje n\u011bkolik krok\u016f.<\/b>\u00a0L\u00e9ka\u0159 obvykle nejprve zah\u00e1j\u00ed s\u00a0pacientem rozhovor, aby zhodnotil p\u0159\u00edznaky a identifikoval mo\u017en\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory na z\u00e1klad\u011b historie jeho zdravotn\u00edho stavu. P\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m\u00a0fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed lze zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fd nebo podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd \u017elu\u010dn\u00edk odhalit pohmatem.\u00a0<\/b>Tento postup m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro pacienta m\u00edrn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud je \u017elu\u010dn\u00edk zan\u00edcen\u00fd.<\/p>\n

K potvrzen\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy se prov\u00e1d\u00ed odb\u011br krve a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zobrazovac\u00ed metody, nap\u0159. ultrazvuk, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje odhalit p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch kamen\u016f \u010di z\u00e1n\u011bt \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku.\u00a0<\/b>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 tomografie (CT), magnetick\u00e1 rezonance (MRI) nebo endoskopick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed (ERCP). ERCP (endoskopick\u00e1 retrogr\u00e1dn\u00ed cholangiopankreatografie) pak umo\u017enuje i p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed kamen\u016f, pokud se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch.\u00a0Tyto pokro\u010dil\u00e9 diagnostick\u00e9 metody poskytuj\u00ed detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace o stavu \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku a \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch cest, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159i rozhodnout o nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9\u010db\u011b.\u00a0U v\u011bt\u0161iny nemocn\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost kamen\u016f ve \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku spojenou s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edznaky, je doporu\u010deno chirurgick\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku (cholecystektomie).<\/b>\u00a0L\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd postup a na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed jeho proveden\u00ed jsou voleny individu\u00e1ln\u011b podle pot\u0159eb pacienta a aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho stavu.<\/p>\n

U pacient\u016f se \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00fdmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi je \u010dasto pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat dlouhodob\u011b dietu, n\u011bkdy i po cel\u00fd \u017eivot.\u00a0<\/b>Strava by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pestr\u00e1, aby nedo\u0161lo k nedostatku d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch vitam\u00edn\u016f a \u017eivin. Z\u00e1kladem je zajistit dostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem b\u00edlkovin a vl\u00e1kniny, kter\u00e9 jsou pro organismus nezbytn\u00e9. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je pravidelnost \u2013 doporu\u010duje se j\u00edst v klidu, men\u0161\u00ed porce n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t denn\u011b. Stejn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd jako samotn\u00e1 dieta je i dostate\u010dn\u00fd pitn\u00fd re\u017eim, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed denn\u00edho re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n

Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou pacientovi indikov\u00e1na, jsou hrazena z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. V\u0161echna vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st ve\u00a0smluvn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch<\/i><\/strong>\u00a0(tedy u\u00a0poskytovatele zdravotn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 smlouvu se\u00a0zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovnou pacienta).<\/i><\/p>\n

(vzp)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

OT\u00c1ZKA: Co <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":332636,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/23\/ram-vzp.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/332633"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=332633"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/332633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":333047,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/332633\/revisions\/333047"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/332636"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=332633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=332633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=332633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}