{"id":331635,"date":"2025-12-07T18:03:58","date_gmt":"2025-12-07T17:03:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=331635"},"modified":"2025-12-07T18:03:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-07T17:03:58","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-tajemne-postavy-adventu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=331635","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Tajemn\u00e9 postavy adventu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Lidov\u00ed adventn\u00ed herci nevynechali ani odlehl\u00fdch samot, jako mysliven, h\u00e1joven, ml\u00fdn\u016f a chalup. Ve spoust\u00e1ch sn\u011bhu ub\u00edrali se \u010dastokr\u00e1t od vesnice k vesnici a kamkoli vkro\u010dili, v\u0161ude byli r\u00e1di vid\u011bni. … Dnes ov\u0161em jinak. Modern\u00ed doba dolehla i na starobyl\u00e9 zvyky a oby\u010deje. Lidov\u00e9 hry staly se \u010dasem ji\u017e jen \u0159emeslem, \u017eebr\u00e1n\u00edm a obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm lid\u00ed, a proto ch\u00fdlily se rychle ke sv\u00e9mu z\u00e1niku. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkaz, jak tyto lidov\u00e9 hry n\u00e1padn\u011b rychle miz\u00ed, \u0160koda, \u017ee tyto magick\u00e9, d\u011bsiv\u00e9, ale i \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed ko\u0159eny jak v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9, tak v pohansk\u00e9 tradici, u\u017e dnes potk\u00e1me jen v z\u00e1pisk\u00e1ch historik\u016f a etnograf\u016f.<\/h6>\n

Pro adventn\u00ed obdob\u00ed existuje tak\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201edrsn\u00e9 noci\u201c. Jde o nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed roku p\u0159ed zimn\u00edm slunovratem. Noci jsou to dlouh\u00e9, mraziv\u00e9 a v\u0161eobecn\u011b nevl\u00eddn\u00e9. Ji\u017e v p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch byly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny p\u0159edstavy, \u017ee je to \u010das p\u016fsoben\u00ed zlov\u011bstn\u00fdch nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch sil. Dlouh\u00e9 noci a do \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho dne daleko\u2026 Snad z t\u011bchto temn\u00fdch \u010das\u016f, kdy se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee zlo m\u00e1 velkou moc, ne\u017e se sv\u011btlo (Slunce) op\u011bt navr\u00e1t\u00ed, poch\u00e1z\u00ed celkem hororov\u00fd zvyk \u201eaplikovan\u00fd\u201c Perchtami (Perchta je odvozeninou n\u011bmeck\u00e9 Berchty, B\u00edl\u00e9 pan\u00ed) \u010di v jin\u00fdch kraj\u00edch \u017dberem v\u016f\u010di d\u011btem.<\/p>\n

Tentokr\u00e1t nep\u0159ich\u00e1zeli do staven\u00ed, aby zkontrolovali, jak maj\u00ed hospody\u0148ky uklizeno nebo zda se d\u011bti um\u00ed modlit. Ve dnech po svat\u00e9 Lucii se postava zvan\u00e1 Perchta (n\u011bkde \u017dber) zaj\u00edmala hlavn\u011b o to, jestlipak se rob\u00e1tka spr\u00e1vn\u011b post\u00ed. Pokud by se p\u0159i\u0161lo na to, \u017ee ne, hrozilo d\u00edt\u011bti, \u017ee postava pou\u017eije velk\u00fd zakrv\u00e1cen\u00fd n\u016f\u017e, kter\u00fd nosila u pasu, rozp\u00e1\u0159e jim b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ko a napln\u00ed ho kroupami (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i senem). K tomuto \u00fa\u010delu si Perchty do dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed n\u011bkdy nosily i krvav\u00fd d\u017eber \u201ena vnit\u0159nosti\u201c a na sob\u011b mohly m\u00edt zakrv\u00e1cenou z\u00e1st\u011bru. V lidov\u00e9 tradici vstupovaly do staven\u00ed ti\u0161e, nemluvily, jen ti\u0161e mumlaly nebo sy\u010dely.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvod t\u00e9to postavy je t\u0159eba hledat hluboko v minulosti, je\u0161t\u011b v dob\u00e1ch p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. Perchty (Peruchty, Perechty, \u0160perchty \u010di Parychty) zpodob\u0148ovaly d\u00e9mony a du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f zjevuj\u00edc\u00ed se v obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem slunovratu. Byly to b\u00edle zahalen\u00e9 shrben\u00e9, kulhaj\u00edc\u00ed a n\u011bm\u00e9 postavy s hrozivou maskou p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed ps\u00ed nebo dra\u010d\u00ed hlavu s velk\u00fdmi zuby a vyplazen\u00fdm jazykem. V r\u016fzn\u00fdch adventn\u00edch dnech po sv. Lucii obch\u00e1zely ves vybaven\u00e9 n\u00e1\u010din\u00edm na zlobiv\u00e9 d\u011bti \u2013 \u0161kop\u00edkem na krev a vnit\u0159nosti, no\u017eem na p\u00e1r\u00e1n\u00ed b\u0159icha a koudel\u00ed \u010di kroupami na jeho vycp\u00e1n\u00ed. Spadeny m\u011bly na toho, kdo poru\u0161oval p\u016fst \u010di p\u0159edem jedl pe\u010divo ur\u010den\u00e9 pro v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b Perchty chodil v n\u011bkter\u00fdch, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b moravsk\u00fdch, kraj\u00edch \u017dber. Postava cel\u00e1 pokryt\u00e1 koudel\u00ed a s d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdm kybl\u00edkem (d\u017eberem) na hlav\u011b. \u017dber neomyln\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvoval staven\u00ed a dvorce, kde m\u011bli \u0161patn\u00e9 a zlobiv\u00e9 d\u011bti. No\u017eem od krve p\u0159edchoz\u00ed ob\u011bti roz\u0159\u00edzl pr\u00fd spratkovi b\u0159icho a vlo\u017eil do n\u011bj koudel. B\u0159icho mu pak za\u0161il a za t\u00fdden se m\u011bl op\u011bt zastavit \u2013 to aby si vyzvedl mrtvolku a odvezl si j\u00ed dom\u016f. K tomuto \u00fa\u010delu s sebou vozil v pytli na voz\u00edku ta\u017een\u00e9m dv\u011bma ko\u0148mi nebo osly pytel s koudel\u00ed a druh\u00fd vak na ji\u017e zem\u0159el\u00e9 d\u011bti od jinud.<\/p>\n

S industrializac\u00ed, rozvojem m\u011bst, odklonem od v\u00edry a p\u0159em\u011bnou spole\u010dnosti se p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed odpo\u010dinek zm\u011bnil v materi\u00e1ln\u00ed honi\u010dku. B\u011bhem 20. stolet\u00ed se toto obdob\u00ed stalo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed obrovsk\u00fdch marketingov\u00fdch kampan\u00ed i velk\u00e9ho utr\u00e1cen\u00ed pen\u011bz. V nejedn\u00e9 firm\u011b se m\u016f\u017eete setkat s modern\u00edm term\u00ednem \u201ehigh season\u201c (vrchol sez\u00f3ny), kter\u00fd p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed \u010das v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti dokonale vystihuje; shon, stres, vysok\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed a vysok\u00e9 zisky. Tolik pot\u0159ebn\u00fd odpo\u010dinek ale v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b lid\u00ed chyb\u00ed. V prosinci je m\u00e1lo sv\u011btla a po\u010das\u00ed p\u0159eje nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm chorob\u00e1m. Ji\u017e tak zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fd organismus je \u010dasto zbyte\u010dn\u011b p\u0159et\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n. Na\u0161i p\u0159edci v\u011bd\u011bli, pro\u010d v prosinci odpo\u010d\u00edvat. V tom bychom si od nich mohli vz\u00edt p\u0159\u00edklad, proto\u017ee \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der nen\u00ed jen o hromad\u011b d\u00e1rk\u016f.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> ANDREA BLAHOVCOV\u00c1, \u201eMa\u0161kary v po\u0161umav\u00ed jako sociokulturn\u00ed denom\u00e9n\u201c, Diplomov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, Univerzita Karlova 2006 MILENA \u0160TR\u00c1FELDOV\u00c1, \u201eV p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm \u010dase u n\u00e1s chodily i hroziv\u00e9 a tajemn\u00e9 adventn\u00ed postavy\u201c, Radio Prague International<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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