{"id":331252,"date":"2024-12-28T18:51:37","date_gmt":"2024-12-28T17:51:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=331252"},"modified":"2024-12-28T18:56:49","modified_gmt":"2024-12-28T17:56:49","slug":"ze-sveta-kudy-a-jak-clovek-opustil-afriku-nove-archeologicke-objevy-vyplnuji-bila-mista-na-mape-arabie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=331252","title":{"rendered":"ZE SV\u011aTA: Archeologick\u00e9 objevy t\u00fdmu v\u011bdc\u016f vypl\u0148uj\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e1 m\u00edsta na map\u011b Ar\u00e1bie"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Nov\u00e1 studie mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho t\u00fdmu v\u011bdc\u016f zve\u0159ej\u0148uje prvn\u00ed d\u016fkazy o st\u0159edopaleolitick\u00e9m os\u00eddlen\u00ed v oblasti Huqf ve st\u0159edn\u00edm Om\u00e1nu. Objev roz\u0161i\u0159uje ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o prav\u011bk\u00e9m os\u00eddlen\u00ed v tomto regionu. V\u00fdzkum publikovan\u00fd v \u010dasopise Antiquity<\/a> se zam\u011b\u0159uje na dv\u011b nov\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 lokality \u2013 Wadi Baw 3 (WB3) a 4 (WB4), kde byly nalezeny kamenn\u00e9 artefakty charakteristick\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro obdob\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00edho paleolitu. Vytvo\u0159ili je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed oblast ob\u00fdvali v obdob\u00ed posledn\u00ed doby meziledov\u00e9, tedy asi p\u0159ed sto t\u0159iceti a\u017e osmdes\u00e1ti tis\u00edci lety.<\/h6>\n

\"\"<\/a>\"\"Archeologick\u00e9 lokality m\u011bli experti v t\u00e9to oblasti ji\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e zdokumentovan\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich v\u0161ak spad\u00e1 do pozdn\u00edho paleolitu a neolitu, tedy do obdob\u00ed zhruba p\u0159ed dvan\u00e1cti a\u017e p\u011bti tis\u00edci lety. Pozdn\u011b paleolitick\u00e9 artefakty se nach\u00e1zely i v obou nov\u011b zdokumentovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch, av\u0161ak mezi nimi byly i artefakty st\u0159edopaleolitick\u00e9ho st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b levalloisk\u00fdch jader \u2013 technologie typick\u00e9 pro toto obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly ve st\u0159edn\u00edm Om\u00e1nu objeveny v\u016fbec poprv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se ona m\u00edsta nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na povrchu pou\u0161t\u011b, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 je p\u0159\u00edmo datovat konven\u010dn\u00edmi metodami. St\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tedy muselo b\u00fdt ur\u010deno na z\u00e1klad\u011b technologick\u00e9ho a typologick\u00e9ho srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi oblastmi. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f se v\u0161ak p\u0159i chronologick\u00e9m \u0159azen\u00ed n\u00e1lez\u016f nesoust\u0159edil pouze na analogie ze vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, ale studoval i m\u00edru zv\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed na povrchu artefakt\u016f. R\u016fzn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 mechanick\u00e9ho i chemick\u00e9ho zv\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed toti\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 artefakty byly vystaveny vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm vliv\u016fm d\u00e9le ne\u017e jin\u00e9, a mohou tedy charakterizovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze os\u00eddlen\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edtomnost mal\u00e9ho n\u00fabijsk\u00e9ho levalloisk\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra v lokalit\u011b Wadi Baw 4 (WB4) nazna\u010duje kulturn\u00ed vazby na takzvan\u00fd n\u00fabijsk\u00fd technokomplex, technologick\u00fd styl v\u00fdroby kamenn\u00fdch hrot\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00fd z ji\u017en\u00edho Om\u00e1nu, Afriky a Levanty z dob asi p\u0159ed sto tis\u00edci lety, kdy byla Ar\u00e1bie st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b zelen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Pochopen\u00ed migrac\u00ed<\/h6>\n

\"\"<\/a>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st zkouman\u00e9ho st\u0159edopaleolitick\u00e9ho souboru artefakt\u016f by v st\u0159edopaleolitick\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch v Ji\u017en\u00edm Om\u00e1nu p\u016fsobila sp\u00ed\u0161e cizorod\u00fdm dojmem a vykazuje v\u00edce paralely s materi\u00e1lem nalezen\u00fdm Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii a Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tech. Skute\u010dnost lze interpretovat tak, \u017ee tento region byl kulturn\u011b a geograficky odd\u011blen od ostatn\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Ve vlh\u010d\u00edch obdob\u00edch sem mohly sporadicky zav\u00edtat populace z jihu a severu. K potvrzen\u00ed hypot\u00e9zy je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 poznatky p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed prvn\u00edch migrac\u00ed modern\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka mimo Afriku a jeho adaptace na klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na Arabsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b v pozdn\u00edm pleistoc\u00e9nu. \u201eV\u00fdzkum z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee je chybou si tyto migra\u010dn\u00ed vlny p\u0159edstavovat jako jednoduch\u00e9 \u0161ipky na map\u00e1ch. \u0160lo zjevn\u011b o mnohem komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proces adaptac\u00ed, kulturn\u00edch a geografick\u00fdch separac\u00ed a znovu setk\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/em>\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed autor studie Dominik Chlachula z Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR, Brno.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum vedla Univerzita La Trobe z australsk\u00e9ho Melbourne ve spolupr\u00e1ci s v\u011bdci z Univerzity v T\u00fcbingenu, Archeologick\u00fdch \u00fastav\u016f Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR v Brn\u011b a v Praze, \u00dastavu jadern\u00e9 fyziky Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, Oxford Brookes University, University of Adelaide, CENIEH Burgos a s povolen\u00edm Ministerstva pam\u00e1tek a cestovn\u00edho ruchu Sultan\u00e1tu Om\u00e1n. V\u00fdzkum podpo\u0159ila Australsk\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 rada.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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