{"id":329452,"date":"2024-12-01T10:31:15","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T09:31:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=329452"},"modified":"2024-12-01T10:31:15","modified_gmt":"2024-12-01T09:31:15","slug":"sumava-lesy-jsou-pestrejsi-pribyva-stromu-velkych-dimenzi-a-rozsiruji-se-plochy-smisenych-lesu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=329452","title":{"rendered":"\u0160UMAVA: Lesy jsou pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed – p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 strom\u016f velk\u00fdch dimenz\u00ed a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed se plochy sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch les\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: archiv (red) – Za kr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Vimperk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0160umavsk\u00e9 lesy se m\u011bn\u00ed. D\u00edky bezz\u00e1sahovosti, ale i jedine\u010dn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu k p\u00e9\u010di o lesy, prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed. Zvy\u0161uje se druhov\u00e1 pestrost, p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed velk\u00e9, objemn\u00e9 stromy, navy\u0161uje se pod\u00edl tlej\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159eva, p\u0159irozen\u00e1 obnova mal\u00fdch stromk\u016f je st\u00e1le velmi hojn\u00e1 a struktura les\u016f ji\u017e nen\u00ed tak jednolit\u00e1, jako v minulosti.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed ze z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f Velkoplo\u0161n\u00e9 statistick\u00e9 inventarizace les\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed NP \u0160umava, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edhala v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce. Opakovan\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed prob\u011bhlo na 172 inventariza\u010dn\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch, podobn\u011b jako v letech 1999 a\u017e 2002, 2013 a\u017e 2014 a 2019.<\/p>\n

\u201eC\u00edlem t\u00e9to inventarizace je zdokumentovat a vyhodnotit zm\u011bny a trendy, ke kter\u00fdm v les\u00edch N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava doch\u00e1z\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky ka\u017ed\u00e9 takov\u00e9 inventarizace n\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed obraz o aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm stavu lesa a zachycuj\u00ed trendy jeho v\u00fdvoje. A\u0165 jsou \u0159\u00edzeny p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi procesy, nebo ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1ny na\u0161imi z\u00e1sahy. Inventarizace prob\u00edhaj\u00ed na bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdch i z\u00e1sahov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech les\u016f v \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku, tak\u017ee n\u00e1m ukazuje celkov\u00fd trend jejich v\u00fdvoje. A jak z v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, ten je jasn\u011b pozitivn\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje \u0159editel Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Lesy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava pro\u0161ly od roku 1999 mnoha disturbancemi: zaznamenali jsme nejm\u00e9n\u011b t\u0159i velkoplo\u0161n\u00e9 gradace l\u00fdko\u017erouta smrkov\u00e9ho, zas\u00e1hlo n\u00e1s n\u011bkolik vich\u0159ic, z nich\u017e nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm byl ork\u00e1n Kyrill v roce 2007. Prod\u011blali jsme tu tak\u00e9 epizody velmi such\u00fdch sez\u00f3n, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b smrkov\u00fdm les\u016fm pr\u00e1v\u011b nesv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed. S t\u011bmito v\u00fdkyvy byl logicky spojen zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt odum\u0159el\u00fdch strom\u016f v \u00fazem\u00ed ponech\u00e1van\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm proces\u016fm, ale i vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby tam, kde jsme museli zasahovat k zamezen\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed l\u00fdko\u017erouta smrkov\u00e9ho mimo \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku. Mohlo by se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee takov\u00fd mas\u00edvn\u00ed stres \u0161umavsk\u00e9 lesy natrvalo negativn\u011b poznamen\u00e1. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed opak je pravdou.<\/p>\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fadaje n\u00e1m potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee se lesy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku samy dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159irozen\u011b obnovuj\u00ed. Po\u010detnost stromk\u016f p\u0159irozen\u00e9 obnovy (jejich kmen je u\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 7 cm) p\u0159ekra\u010duje 490 mili\u00f3n\u016f, to je zhruba 8 500 jedinc\u016f na jednom hektaru. Mlad\u00e9 stromy tak\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b dor\u016fstaj\u00ed do stromov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky, tak\u017ee i kdy\u017e se absolutn\u00ed po\u010det stromk\u016f v p\u0159irozen\u00e9 obnov\u011b oproti roku 2019 trochu sn\u00ed\u017eil, zv\u00fd\u0161ila se po\u010detnost strom\u016f, u kter\u00fdch tlou\u0161\u0165ka kmene p\u0159ekonala hranici 7 cm. Prost\u011b se z mal\u00fdch strom\u016f staly stromy v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc v\u00fdvoj ukazuje, \u017ee lesn\u00ed porosty jsou prostorov\u011b, v\u00fd\u0161kov\u011b a tak\u00e9 v\u011bkov\u011b r\u016fznorod\u00e9. Struktura les\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku se tak st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159ibli\u017euje struktu\u0159e p\u0159irozen\u00fdch les\u016f, kde nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi stromy jsou stromy nejmen\u0161\u00edch dimenz\u00ed. Nav\u00edc posledn\u00ed inventarizace dokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 i strom\u016f velk\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f, jejich\u017e tlou\u0161\u0165ka kmene p\u0159ekra\u010duje 62 cm. V roce 2024 jich bylo v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 000.<\/p>\n

\u201eDal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je, \u017ee v\u0161echny kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 druhy d\u0159evin jsou v \u0161umavsk\u00fdch les\u00edch zachov\u00e1ny a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b se reprodukuj\u00ed. Plo\u0161n\u00fd pod\u00edl sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho listnato-jehli\u010dnat\u00e9ho a jehli\u010dnato-listnat\u00e9ho lesa od roku 2000 vzrostl z necel\u00fdch 27 % na v\u00edce ne\u017e 51,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Jednozna\u010dn\u011b se zvy\u0161uje po\u010detnost jedle b\u011blokor\u00e9 v p\u0159irozen\u00e9 obnov\u011b. Z cca 4 milionu jedinc\u016f v roce 2000 na v\u00edce jak 13 milion\u016f v roce 2024. D\u00e1le do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu kr\u00e1tkov\u011bk\u00fdch listn\u00e1\u010d\u016f (vrba j\u00edva, je\u0159\u00e1b pta\u010d\u00ed, ol\u0161e, osika, vrby a jin\u00e9). Jedn\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o tzv. pion\u00fdrsk\u00e9 d\u0159eviny, tedy d\u0159eviny, kter\u00e9 obsazuj\u00ed voln\u00e9 plochy les\u016f jako prvn\u00ed. Jejich po\u010det se zv\u00fd\u0161il od roku 2000 sedmkr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Dlouhodob\u011b se ukazuje, \u017ee \u0161umavsk\u00fd lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m je v\u00fdrazn\u011b dynamick\u00fd. Nic jako stabiln\u00ed druhov\u00e1 skladba neexistuje. Les se st\u00e1le p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e r\u016fzn\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy jeho v\u00fdvoj sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed tu jedn\u00edm, tu druh\u00fdm sm\u011brem. P\u0159esto tu st\u00e1le dominuje, a podle v\u0161eho i v budoucnu bude dominovat smrk.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee roste plocha bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, aktu\u00e1ln\u011b se nezasahuje na 43 procentech \u00fazem\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava, a tak\u00e9 d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee c\u00edlen\u011b ponech\u00e1v\u00e1me a\u017e 60 m3 d\u0159eva k zetlen\u00ed i v z\u00e1sahov\u00fdch les\u00edch na jednom hektaru, p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 odum\u0159el\u00e9ho d\u0159eva. Star\u00e9 tlej\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159evo se tak kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a z\u00e1sadn\u011b se pod\u00edl\u00ed na p\u0159irozen\u00e9m procesu \u017eivota lesa, kter\u00fd by bez t\u00e9to slo\u017eky nebyl \u00fapln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u201ePo \u010dtvrt stolet\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce se spole\u010dnost\u00ed IFER, kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165ovala sb\u011br a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat u\u017e p\u0159i prvn\u00ed inventarizaci v letech 1999 a\u017e 2002, se jasn\u011b ukazuje, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je disponovat takto dlouhou \u010dasovou \u0159adou podrobn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f o stavu lesa. Jasn\u011b n\u00e1m potvrzuje na\u0161e p\u016fvodn\u00ed domn\u011bnky, \u017ee ponech\u00e1n\u00ed lesa bez z\u00e1sahu nepovede k jeho destrukci, nebo k vym\u00fdcen\u00ed star\u00fdch, velk\u00fdch strom\u016f, jak se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ob\u00e1vali a sv\u00e9 obavy d\u00e1valy ve\u0159ejn\u011b najevo, ale \u017ee tato cesta je spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 a vede ke spont\u00e1nn\u00ed obnov\u011b p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho lesa. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u00edky t\u011bmto fakt\u016fm m\u016f\u017eeme jasn\u011b a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b argumentovat kroky, kter\u00e9 Spr\u00e1va N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava jako spr\u00e1vce \u00fazem\u00ed, \u010din\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0159editel Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u201eVelkoplo\u0161n\u00e1 inventarizace les\u016f potvrzuje, \u017ee vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku a navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed bezz\u00e1sahovosti a\u017e k dlouhodob\u00e9mu c\u00edli 75 procent \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku, je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed. Nen\u00ed to \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 destrukce zdej\u0161\u00edch les\u016f, ani nepoveden\u00fd experiment, jak si mnoz\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve mysleli, ale je to cesta ke skute\u010dn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmu lesu. K jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed kr\u00e1se a vzne\u0161enosti, k jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed schopnosti reagovat na v\u00fdkyvy po\u010das\u00ed. \u0160umavsk\u00fd les i nad\u00e1le z\u016fstane skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u0161umavsk\u00fdm lesem Stifterov\u00fdm, Johnov\u00fdm, Klostermannov\u00fdch, ale i t\u00edm na\u0161\u00edm, jak jej zn\u00e1me a pamatujeme,\u201c<\/em> zakon\u010duje \u0159editel Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(tz-np\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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