{"id":329217,"date":"2024-11-20T12:24:10","date_gmt":"2024-11-20T11:24:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=329217"},"modified":"2024-11-20T12:24:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T11:24:10","slug":"z-prvni-ruky-ceskobudejovicti-vedci-objevili-novy-obri-virus-v-rimovske-nadrzi-napada-sladkovodni-rasy-a-dostal-jmeno-budvirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=329217","title":{"rendered":"Z PRVN\u00cd RUKY: \u010ceskobud\u011bjovi\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci objevili nov\u00fd ob\u0159\u00ed virus v \u0159\u00edmovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ei. Napad\u00e1 sladkovodn\u00ed \u0159asy a dostal jm\u00e9no Budvirus"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"V\u011bdci z\u00a0Biologick\u00e9ho centra Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR na\u0161li b\u011bhem leto\u0161ka \u010dty\u0159icet nov\u00fdch sladkovodn\u00edch vir\u016f, kter\u00e9 napadaj\u00ed vodn\u00ed mikroorganismy. Prvn\u00ed, kter\u00fd se jim poda\u0159ilo izolovat a podrobn\u011b popsat, dostal jm\u00e9no podle jiho\u010desk\u00e9 metropole – Budvirus. Jedn\u00e1 se o takzvan\u00fd ob\u0159\u00ed virus, kter\u00fd napad\u00e1 jednobun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed \u0159asy skryt\u011bnky.<\/h6>\n

\"\"<\/a>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci potvrdili, \u017ee tento virus m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamnou roli v\u00a0ekosyst\u00e9mu, proto\u017ee dr\u017e\u00ed na uzd\u011b jarn\u00ed rozvoj vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu \u0159as a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tak zachov\u00e1vat rovnov\u00e1hu ve vodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Objevy vir\u016f byly u\u010din\u011bny na n\u00e1dr\u017ei \u0158\u00edmov na \u010ceskobud\u011bjovicku, kterou jiho\u010de\u0161t\u00ed hydrobiologov\u00e9 pravideln\u011b monitoruj\u00ed ji\u017e p\u011bt dek\u00e1d a kter\u00e1 d\u00edky tomu pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejprozkouman\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sladkovodn\u00edm n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edm v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee m\u00e1me sladkovodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my, jako jsou jezera, rybn\u00edky, n\u00e1dr\u017ee \u010di \u0159eky, v\u0161ude kolem n\u00e1s, jejich mikroskopi\u010dt\u00ed z\u00e1stupci, zejm\u00e9na viry a bakterie, jsou dosud m\u00e1lo prob\u00e1danou oblast\u00ed. V\u00a0jedn\u00e9 kapce vody se m\u016f\u017ee vyskytovat milion bakteri\u00ed a je\u0161t\u011b desetkr\u00e1t v\u00edce vir\u016f, pops\u00e1n je ale pouh\u00fd zlomek z\u00a0nich. Velk\u00fd pokrok ve zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edho mikrosv\u011bta p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody, jako je nap\u0159. anal\u00fdza tzv. environment\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA. To je jedna z metod, kterou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i \u010deskobud\u011bjovick\u00fd t\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

\u201eFunguje to tak, \u017ee ze vzorku vody extrahujeme ve\u0161ker\u00fd genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se tam nach\u00e1z\u00ed, analyzujeme ho pomoc\u00ed vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch metod sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed DNA, a podle toho dok\u00e1\u017eeme vystopovat, jak\u00e9 druhy organism\u016f se ve vod\u011b vyskytovaly. To n\u00e1m poskytne vod\u00edtka k nalezen\u00ed nov\u00fdch vir\u016f \u010di bakteri\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Rohit Ghai, vedouc\u00ed laborato\u0159e mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed ekologie a evoluce na Biologick\u00e9m centru AV \u010cR. Podle t\u011bchto molekul\u00e1rn\u00edch stop pak v\u011bdci p\u00e1traj\u00ed v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch vzorc\u00edch vody po nalezen\u00fdch virech. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se sna\u017e\u00ed tyto viry p\u0159en\u00e9st do laborato\u0159e, uchovat v\u00a0laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a podrobuj\u00ed je detailn\u00edmu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Budvirus hydrobiologov\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 zachytili letos na ja\u0159e, v obdob\u00ed, kdy ve vod\u011b prudce narostou mikroskopick\u00e9 \u0159asy. V\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee d\u00edky planktonn\u00edm pred\u00e1tor\u016fm (nap\u0159. prvok\u016fm, v\u00ed\u0159n\u00edk\u016fm \u010di kor\u00fd\u0161\u016fm)\u00a0a vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin za kr\u00e1tkou dobu tyto \u0159asy zase miz\u00ed. Nov\u011b ale potvrdili, \u017ee se na tomto poklesu \u0159as v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edl\u00ed i pr\u00e1v\u011b objeven\u00fd ob\u0159\u00ed virus a \u017ee jeho aktivita je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 b\u011bhem jarn\u00edho r\u016fstu planktonu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u201eBudvirus je v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed popsan\u00fd virus, kter\u00fd infikuje skryt\u011bnky rodu\u00a0Rhodomonas, co\u017e jsou jedny z\u00a0nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u0159as ve fytoplanktonu. D\u00e1 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee je z\u00e1stupcem glob\u00e1ln\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 skupiny vir\u016f v sladkovodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9mech a \u017ee se vyskytuje po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b,\u201c<\/em> up\u0159es\u0148uje \u010dlenka t\u00fdmu Helena Henriques Vieira.<\/p>\n

Budvirus m\u00e1 tvar pravideln\u00e9ho dvacetist\u011bnu o pr\u016fm\u011bru 200 nanometr\u016f a je tedy zhruba desetkr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je obvykl\u00e1 velikost vir\u016f. Jeho genom k\u00f3duje p\u0159es 400 b\u00edlkovin, z\u00a0nich\u017e asi polovina m\u00e1 dosud nezn\u00e1mou funkci. Existuje mnoho vir\u016f \u0159as podobn\u00e9 velikosti, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed ob\u0159\u00ed viry, a tak\u00e9 Budvirus pat\u0159\u00ed do t\u00e9to skupiny. D\u00edky environment\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee se geneticky p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 viry vyskytuj\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch jezerech v\u00a0Evrop\u011b i na jin\u00fdch kontinentech. Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu m\u00e1 tento intenzivn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v jiho\u010desk\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ei celosv\u011btov\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Sladkovodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my jsou velmi dynamick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, pln\u00e9 slo\u017eit\u00fdch vztah\u016f mezi organismy \u2013 od mikroskopick\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed, vir\u016f, p\u0159es \u0159asy, prvoky a\u017e po v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed organizmy, jako jsou ryby. Jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vztahy, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o predaci, parazitizmus, konkurenci nebo symbi\u00f3zu, maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na rovnov\u00e1hu ekosyst\u00e9mu a jeho schopnost reagovat na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny, jako jsou kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed teploty, zm\u011bny v chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed vody nebo p\u0159\u00edliv nov\u00fdch druh\u016f. D\u00edky nov\u00e9mu objevu t\u00fdm jiho\u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0pochopen\u00ed\u00a0ekologick\u00fdch a evolu\u010dn\u00edch vztah\u016f mezi viry a jejich hostiteli v prost\u0159ed\u00ed sladk\u00fdch vod. \u201eJe d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u016fkladn\u011b poznat tyto hr\u00e1\u010de ekosyst\u00e9mu a odhalit jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vztahy. Kdy\u017e nastanou ve vod\u011b nep\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00e9 zm\u011bny, budeme v\u011bd\u011bt, co se p\u0159ihodilo,”<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Rohit Ghai.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Informujeme:<\/h6>\n

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V\u011bdci z\u00a0Biologick\u00e9ho <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":329225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/20\/z-ruky-virus.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329217"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=329217"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":329224,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329217\/revisions\/329224"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/329225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=329217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=329217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=329217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}