{"id":328600,"date":"2024-11-17T19:38:27","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T18:38:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=328600"},"modified":"2024-11-17T19:38:27","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T18:38:27","slug":"z-prvni-ruky-vedci-objevili-nove-druhy-vzacnych-hub-dovedla-je-k-tomu-analyza-arzenu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=328600","title":{"rendered":"Z PRVN\u00cd RUKY: V\u011bdci objevili nov\u00e9 druhy vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch hub. Dovedla je k tomu anal\u00fdza arz\u00e9nu"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"Pod ozna\u010den\u00edm jarn\u00ed houby ba\u0148ky velkokali\u0161n\u00e9 se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 nejm\u00e9n\u011b jeden\u00e1ct samostatn\u00fdch druh\u016f. Zjistili to v\u011bdci z \u00dastavu jadern\u00e9 fyziky AV \u010cR, Geologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR a Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR ve spolupr\u00e1ci s dal\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdmi institucemi a amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdmi mykology z \u010ceska a USA. Objevu nov\u00fdch hub, z nich\u017e dva druhy v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci popsali jako \u00fapln\u011b nov\u00e9, napomohlo m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed obsahu arz\u00e9nu pomoc\u00ed neutronov\u00e9 aktiva\u010dn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy. P\u0159evratnou studii o t\u00e9to vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 houb\u011b publikoval \u010dasopis Mycological Progress<\/strong><\/a>.<\/h6>\n

Ba\u0148ka velkokali\u0161n\u00e1 (Sarcosphaera coronaria) je barevn\u011b velmi n\u00e1padn\u00e1 jarn\u00ed houba. Pro svou vz\u00e1cnost je za\u0159azena na \u010derven\u00fd seznam ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f v \u0159ad\u011b evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b \u010ceska a znalosti o n\u00ed jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 i pro ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody. D\u0159\u00edve ji lid\u00e9 pova\u017eovali za jedlou, zp\u016fsobila v\u0161ak n\u011bkolik z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch otrav, tak\u017ee v sou\u010dasnosti se jej\u00ed konzumace nedoporu\u010duje, i kdy\u017e nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee by obsahovala toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. P\u0159esto\u017ee plodnice (nadzemn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st houby) ba\u0148ky \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed i 1000\u00d7 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace arz\u00e9nu, ne\u017e je v houb\u00e1ch b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum za \u00fa\u010dasti \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f<\/strong><\/a> prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee arz\u00e9n obsahuje zejm\u00e9na ve form\u011b kyseliny methylarsonov\u00e9. A ta je podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b toxick\u00e1 ne\u017e anorganick\u00fd arz\u00e9n.<\/p>\n

Ba\u0148ka velkokali\u0161n\u00e1, typicky evropsk\u00fd druh, roste i v severn\u00ed Americe a vyskytla se dokonce i v severn\u00ed Africe. V\u011bdci z \u00dastavu jadern\u00e9 fyziky AV \u010cR analyzovali arz\u00e9n pr\u00e1v\u011b v n\u011bkter\u00fdch americk\u00fdch sb\u011brech pomoc\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9 analytick\u00e9 metody \u2013 neutronov\u00e9 aktiva\u010dn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy \u2013 a odhalili jeho n\u00e1padn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentrace proti evropsk\u00fdm sb\u011br\u016fm. Toto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed odborn\u00edky motivovalo k anal\u00fdze DNA v rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m souboru ban\u011bk velkokali\u0161n\u00fdch z\u00edskan\u00fdch z muze\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm od amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdch mykolog\u016f z \u010ceska a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f americk\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

\u201eUk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee ban\u011bk je mnohem v\u00edc, ne\u017e se v\u0161eobecn\u011b myslelo. To bylo velk\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, proto\u017ee tyto n\u00e1padn\u00e9 houby se studuj\u00ed ji\u017e p\u0159es dv\u011b st\u011b let. Je to v\u0161ak pochopiteln\u00e9, proto\u017ee nov\u011b odhalen\u00e9 druhy jsou si vz\u00e1jemn\u011b zna\u010dn\u011b podobn\u00e9 a existuj\u00ed mezi nimi jen mal\u00e9 rozd\u00edly. V Evrop\u011b rostou druhy dva \u2013 ba\u0148ka velkokali\u0161n\u00e1 a ba\u0148ka borov\u00e1 \u2013 kter\u00e9 se v\u0161ak nevyskytuj\u00ed v Severn\u00ed Americe. Ta je domovem nejm\u00e9n\u011b sedmi dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f, z nich\u017e dva jsme v na\u0161\u00ed studii popsali pro v\u011bdu jako nov\u00e9,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Jan Borovi\u010dka z \u00dastavu jadern\u00e9 fyziky a Geologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Pomohla spolupr\u00e1ce s houba\u0159i<\/h6>\n

Pro v\u00fdzkum bylo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed opat\u0159it des\u00edtky sb\u011br\u016f pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 houby, co\u017e se v\u011bdc\u016fm poda\u0159ilo d\u00edky spolupr\u00e1ci s amat\u00e9rskou sf\u00e9rou. \u201eKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 bylo z\u00edskat vzorky ze Severn\u00ed Ameriky. To bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edky s\u00edl\u00edc\u00edmu z\u00e1jmu o houby v USA, kde existuje nad\u0161en\u00e1 houba\u0159sk\u00e1 komunita. Sb\u011bratel\u00e9 byli p\u0159izv\u00e1ni, aby se z\u00fa\u010dastnili popis\u016f nov\u00fdch druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 nesou i jejich jm\u00e9na. Dal\u0161\u00ed druhy zat\u00edm z\u016fstaly nepops\u00e1ny, proto\u017ee je pot\u0159eba z\u00edskat v\u00edce sb\u011br\u016f, co\u017e se snad v budoucnu poda\u0159\u00ed,<\/em>\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Jan Borovi\u010dka.<\/p>\n

Ke studiu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ban\u011bk ve sv\u011bt\u011b odborn\u00edci vyu\u017eili tak\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze Globalfungi.com<\/strong><\/a>, kterou vytvo\u0159ili v\u011bdci z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR. Zat\u00edmco dosavadn\u00ed znalosti o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hub jsou zalo\u017een\u00e9 na sb\u011bru plodnic, tato datab\u00e1ze obsahuje informace z\u00edskan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo z p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch vzork\u016f pomoc\u00ed sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 houbov\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 informace. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u011bdci mohou zjistit p\u0159\u00edtomnost houby bez nutnosti ji v lokalit\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo \u201evid\u011bt\u201c. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ba\u0148ky se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee houba je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech pom\u011brn\u011b hojn\u00e1 a \u017ee evropsk\u00e9 druhy maj\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 n\u00e1roky. P\u0159esto\u017ee ob\u011b dv\u011b rostou v\u00fdhradn\u011b na v\u00e1pnit\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch, ba\u0148ka velkokali\u0161n\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed symbi\u00f3zu s jedl\u00ed, smrkem a bukem, zat\u00edmco ba\u0148ka borov\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b s borovic\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Objev existence v\u00edce druh\u016f ban\u011bk v Evrop\u011b m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt i k vysv\u011btlen\u00ed z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch otrav t\u011bmito houbami v minulosti. D\u0159\u00edve se soudilo, \u017ee toxickou l\u00e1tkou ban\u011bk by mohl b\u00fdt gyromitrin \u2013 jed zn\u00e1m\u00fd ze vzd\u00e1len\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho uch\u00e1\u010de obecn\u00e9ho (Gyromitra esculenta). Proslul\u00fd \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd chemik Tjakko Stijve v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed ale p\u0159\u00edtomnost t\u00e9to l\u00e1tky v ba\u0148ce neprok\u00e1zal \u2013 analyzoval v\u0161ak jedin\u00fd sb\u011br, a tedy i jedin\u00fd druh. Nelze tud\u00ed\u017e vylou\u010dit, \u017ee jedovat\u00e1 je pouze jedna z evropsk\u00fdch ban\u011bk, podobn\u011b jako existuj\u00ed jedl\u00e9 a jedovat\u00e9 uch\u00e1\u010de.<\/p>\n

Experti tak\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee akumulace arz\u00e9nu v ba\u0148k\u00e1ch nen\u00ed omezena na jedin\u00fd druh. Je tedy ot\u00e1zkou, co za touto akumulac\u00ed stoj\u00ed a jak\u00fd m\u00e1 hromad\u011bn\u00ed toxick\u00e9ho prvku v houb\u011b biologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Pr\u00e1ce \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f je z\u00e1rove\u0148 i pom\u016fckou pro ochr\u00e1nce p\u0159\u00edrody a v\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem pro dal\u0161\u00ed taxonomick\u00e9 studie, zejm\u00e9na v USA.<\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Informujeme:<\/h6>\n

Bylo potvrzeno ohnisko pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky v komer\u010dn\u00edm chovu dr\u016fbe\u017ee v Nal\u017eovsk\u00fdch Hor\u00e1ch na Klatovsku<\/a><\/h4>\n

Spo\u0159itelna sni\u017euje \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby \u00fav\u011br\u016f na bydlen\u00ed u v\u0161ech fixac\u00ed o 0,2% bodu. Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farokov\u00e1 sazba hypot\u00e9ky za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na 4,89 % pro nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fixace na 3 a\u017e 5 let<\/a><\/h4>\n

V Jiho\u010desk\u00e9m kraji je 546 potvrzen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f lymesk\u00e9 boreli\u00f3zy, leto\u0161n\u00ed v\u00fdskyt je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed za posledn\u00ed roky<\/a><\/h4>\n

St\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kolu v jin\u00e9m kraji nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed hlavn\u011b St\u0159edo\u010de\u0161i<\/a><\/h4>\n

P\u0158E\u010cT\u011aTE SI U N\u00c1S: Den\u00edk Metro \u2013 15. listopadu 2024<\/a><\/h4>\n

V obdob\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1kup\u016f st\u00e1t zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed kontroly na obchody a v\u00fdrobu potravin, c\u00edlem je ochr\u00e1nit spot\u0159ebitele a dohl\u00e9dnout na f\u00e9rov\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/a><\/h4>\n

\u010ce\u0161i se p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtali a od p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku si p\u0159iplat\u00ed za polopr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 plynovody, regulovan\u00e9 platby za plyn vzrostou a\u017e o 15 procent<\/a><\/h4>\n
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Pod ozna\u010den\u00edm <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":328933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/17\/z-ruky-avcr.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328600"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=328600"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":328934,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328600\/revisions\/328934"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/328933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=328600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=328600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=328600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}