{"id":328456,"date":"2025-06-17T15:17:37","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T14:17:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=328456"},"modified":"2025-06-17T15:17:37","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T14:17:37","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-o-putovani-mlynarskeho-krajanka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=328456","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: O putov\u00e1n\u00ed mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho kraj\u00e1nka"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ml\u00fdn \u0159\u00eddili lid\u00e9 a byly tu jist\u011b problematick\u00e9 v\u011bci. Mlyn\u00e1\u0159i nap\u0159\u00edklad vedli \u010dast\u00e9 spory o vodu s ryb\u00e1\u0159i \u010di s vora\u0159i, ale to je u lid\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 a rozhodn\u011b to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ml\u00fdn byl p\u0159ed obrozen\u00edm symbolem sil rozkladu a pekla. To se mi opravdu nezd\u00e1. \u010cesk\u00fd ml\u00fdn, to bylo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm srdce kraje, odkud poch\u00e1zela \u017eivotad\u00e1rn\u00e1 mouka, bez n\u00ed\u017e by nebylo bo\u017e\u00edho daru. Bylo to i kulturn\u00ed st\u0159edisko, kudy ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b pro\u0161ly stovky kraj\u00e1nk\u016f a jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Ml\u00fdn m\u011bl alespo\u0148 jednu m\u00edstnost v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e oby\u010dejn\u00e1 chalupa a tak se tu konaly pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1bavy jako p\u0159\u00e1stky, dra\u010dky a t\u00e1\u010dky. Mlyn\u00e1\u0159 m\u011bl sv\u00e9 chv\u00edle klidu, kdy se zrovna nemlelo a b\u00fdval to pom\u011brn\u011b vzd\u011blan\u00fd a se\u010dt\u011bl\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk. Kone\u010dn\u011b \u00facta, kter\u00e9 u ostatn\u00edch venkovan\u016f po\u017e\u00edval, je kr\u00e1sn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena ve slov\u011b “pan otec”.
\nKraj\u00e1nek byl ve ml\u00fdn\u011b v\u017edy v\u00edt\u00e1n a obl\u00edben i mezi z\u00e1kazn\u00edky a mlyn\u00e1\u0159skou chasou. Kraj\u00e1nci, to byli zpravidla vyu\u010den\u00ed mlyn\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed nem\u011bli st\u00e1lou pr\u00e1ci. Jakmile jim pr\u00e1ce ve ml\u00fdn\u011b skon\u010dila, \u0161li \u201evandrem\u201c, od ml\u00fdna ke ml\u00fdnu.<\/p>\n

V l\u00e9t\u011b si n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kraj\u00e1nci u\u017e\u00edvali p\u011bkn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, to se na ml\u00fdn\u011b dlouho nezdr\u017eeli, nejpozd\u011bji po n\u011bkolika dnech putovali d\u00e1l a mnohdy u\u017e\u00edvali i letn\u00ed pohostinnosti p\u0159\u00edrody a jejich plod\u016f. V zim\u011b a za \u0161patn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed pak p\u0159eb\u00fdvali ve ml\u00fdn\u011b zpravidla po dobu del\u0161\u00ed. Vypomohli dle pot\u0159eby a mo\u017enost\u00ed ve ml\u00fdn\u011b, n\u011bkdy i v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed putovali st\u00e1le po stejn\u00e9m okruhu ml\u00fdn\u016f, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ti star\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b nemocn\u00ed. Takov\u00ed se vraceli a p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli i n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t do roka, na dobu del\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mlyn\u00e1\u0159 m\u011bl cechovn\u00ed povinnost poskytnout kraj\u00e1nkovi zdarma nocleh, stravu a tak\u00e9 d\u00e1t n\u011bjak\u00fd pen\u00edz na cestu. Kraj\u00e1nci p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli do ml\u00fdna p\u0159ed ve\u010derem, n\u011bkdy k ob\u011bdu. Kraj\u00e1nci m\u011bli zpravidla vybran\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 vystupov\u00e1n\u00ed, sd\u011blovali r\u016fzn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, znali i pov\u011bsti a b\u00e1sn\u011b, nebo hran\u00ed na hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj. Byli sv\u011bta i okol\u00ed znal\u00ed, \u010dasto se dohovo\u0159ili i ciz\u00edm jazykem. M\u00edvali dobrou v\u00fdmluvnost, vtip a smysl pro humor. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvali i zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00edm s\u0148atk\u016f, ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i ml\u00fdn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Kraj\u00e1nci m\u00edvali sv\u00e9 pravideln\u00e9 trasy a sv\u00e9 obl\u00edben\u00e9 ml\u00fdny, tak\u017ee mlyn\u00e1\u0159i ji\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou dop\u0159edu v\u011bd\u011bli, kdy se kter\u00fd z nich objev\u00ed a s jejich pomoc\u00ed u\u017e p\u0159edem po\u010d\u00edtali. Jedni m\u011bli volnou mor\u00e1lku, na druh\u00e9 se mohl mlyn\u00e1\u0159 spolehnout, \u017ee zvl\u00e1dnou sami i no\u010dn\u00ed mlet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Byli to putuj\u00edc\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 a zpravodajov\u00e9 a dost\u00e1vali za dobrou informaci i odm\u011bnu. Sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, – pr\u00e1dlo a jin\u00e9 osobn\u00ed pot\u0159eby – nosili v ruksaku. Deku nosili zpravidla smotanou na z\u00e1dech. Na hlav\u011b nosili typickou placatou \u010depici. Posledn\u00ed kraj\u00e1nci se toulali na\u0161\u00ed vlast\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v roce 1955.<\/p>\n

Kraj\u00e1nci sp\u00ed\u0161e nav\u0161t\u011bvovali l\u00e9pe spole\u010densky postaven\u00e9 ml\u00fdny vodn\u00ed. Pt\u00e1me-li se pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f, jejich vzpom\u00ednky jsou v\u0161ak spojen\u00e9 s koncem ml\u00fdn\u016f a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem i s koncem mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0159emesla. Pr\u00e1ce u\u017e pr\u00fd \u201e…t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 nebyla. Jak byl v\u00edtr t\u0159eba t\u0159i dni, tak to bylo pr\u00e1ce dosy\u0165. Ale obsluhoval to jenom jeden a v\u0161ecko stihnul…\u201d Jak\u00e1 ale byla mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce p\u0159edt\u00edm, v dob\u011b sv\u00e9ho rozkv\u011btu? Mlyn\u00e1\u0159i pr\u00fd \u201emuseli v\u00edc um\u011bti, ne\u017e jen obil\u00ed ml\u00edti\u201d. M\u011bli sv\u00e9 ml\u00fdny. Pak tedy museli um\u011bt zhotovit v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9. To znamenalo tesat, kovat, stav\u011bt… A v tu chv\u00edli se p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed kraj\u00e1nci – mlyn\u00e1\u0159\u0161t\u00ed tovary\u0161i hodili.<\/p>\n

Docela zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je p\u016fvod slova kraj\u00e1nek, kter\u00e9 se jako ozna\u010den\u00ed potuln\u00fdch mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch pomocn\u00edk\u016f objevuje ve star\u0161\u00ed literatu\u0159e. Obvykle se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee to pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed vzniklo z toho, \u017ee kraj\u00e1nci se toulali po kraji, po krajin\u011b, tedy sv\u011btem. V \u010dasopise Na\u0161e \u0159e\u010d se ale p\u0159ed sedmdes\u00e1ti lety psalo, \u017ee slovo vzniklo jinak. \u017de je to pra\u017esk\u00e9 slovo. V Praze na Vltav\u011b toti\u017e b\u00fdvalo v\u00edce ml\u00fdn\u016f vedle sebe, a kdy\u017e klesl pr\u016ftok vody, ml\u00fdny zastavovaly pr\u00e1ci, a\u017e nakonec mlel jen ten prvn\u00ed, ten na kraji. A za toto privilegium musel krajn\u00ed ml\u00fdn zaplatit t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011bl povinnost podporovat potuln\u00e9 mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pomocn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se tedy jmenovali kraj\u00e1nci podle krajn\u00edch ml\u00fdn\u016f.<\/p>\n

V minul\u00fdch \u010dasech byli tak popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, \u017ee se dostali i do jedn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b: \u201eJednou p\u0159i\u0161el do mlejnice kraj\u00e1nek\u2026\u201d
\nZ toho, co zde bylo uvedeno, se ukazuje, \u017ee zejm\u00e9na ve star\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b byl mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd slovn\u00edk v\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby v\u016fbec; z n\u00ed bral sv\u00e1 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b ji obohacoval o slova nov\u00e1, v duchu \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka tvo\u0159en\u00e1, pop\u0159. o nov\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy slov. Mnoh\u00e1 z t\u011bchto slov \u017eij\u00ed proto i dnes jednak jako sou\u010d\u00e1st nov\u00e9 mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 terminologie, jednak p\u0159e\u0161la, pop\u0159. se vr\u00e1tila do obecn\u00e9 slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby v\u016fbec. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu toho je t\u0159eba vid\u011bt v tom, \u017ee mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd slovn\u00edk m\u011bl v\u017edy dobr\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd z\u00e1klad a vlivy ciz\u00ed (zejm\u00e9na n\u011bmeck\u00e9) tu m\u011bly v\u00fdznam jen okrajov\u00fd. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to z\u00e1sluze o \u010desk\u00e9 slovo je t\u0159eba vid\u011bt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd kulturn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos star\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho ml\u00fdna.<\/p>\n

A je\u0161t\u011b pov\u011bst:<\/strong> Jednou si mlyn\u00e1\u0159 nechal od \u0161evce u\u0161\u00edt nov\u00e9 boty. Byly n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 na pohled a on z nich m\u011bl velikou radost. Ty se budou pane\u010dku nosit. Ale kdy\u017e je nat\u00e1hl na nohy, boty tolik tla\u010dily, \u017ee je musel zase rychle sundat. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b vypom\u00e1hal u nich na ml\u00fdn\u011b kraj\u00e1nek. Objevoval se tam ka\u017ed\u00fd rok v dob\u011b vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed brambor. Vypomohl, vyd\u011blal si p\u00e1r pen\u011bz a zase zmizel. Kraj\u00e1nek mohl na mlyn\u00e1\u0159ov\u00fdch nov\u00fdch bot\u00e1ch o\u010di nechat. A jednou r\u00e1no, kdy\u017e se v\u0161ichni ve ml\u00fdn\u011b probudili, koukaj\u00ed, kraj\u00e1nek pry\u010d a boty taky pry\u010d. Mlyn\u00e1\u0159 lamentoval, ale nenad\u011blal nic. A za \u010das na mil\u00e9ho kraj\u00e1nka zapomn\u011bl. Za rok zase p\u0159i\u0161el \u010das vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed brambor. Ve ml\u00fdn\u011b m\u011bli pln\u00e9 ruce pr\u00e1ce, kdo mohl, tak pom\u00e1hal. Vtom se ve dve\u0159\u00edch objevil kraj\u00e1nek, v ruce mlyn\u00e1\u0159ovy boty a u\u017e z d\u00e1lky vol\u00e1. \u201ePane ot\u010de, nesu v\u00e1m va\u0161e boty. A po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b jsem v\u00e1m je roz\u0161l\u00e1pl, aby v\u00e1s u\u017e netla\u010dily.\u201d Mlyn\u00e1\u0159ovi nezbylo, ne\u017e se zasm\u00e1t. Byl r\u00e1d, \u017ee m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 boty zp\u00e1tky a kraj\u00e1nka k ruce.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Poz\u016fstalost Adolfa Da\u0148ka, SOkA Strakonice, Na\u0161e \u0159e\u010d, ro\u010dn\u00edk 18 (1934), P\u0158EHLED ML\u00ddN\u016e, ML\u00ddNK\u016e A \u010cERPADEL V \u010cR 1 L. \u0160T\u011aP\u00c1N, D\u00edlo a \u017eivot mlyn\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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  Ml\u00fdn <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":348938,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/17\/ram-krajanek.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328456"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=328456"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328456\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":348939,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328456\/revisions\/348939"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/348938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=328456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=328456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=328456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}