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N\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed struktury d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj hlavy u obratlovc\u016f se vyvinuly u\u017e u spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka v\u0161ech strunatc\u016f. Toto p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prok\u00e1zali v\u011bdci z \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetiky Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR p\u0159i studiu kopinatce, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi strunatce. S\u00e1m kopinatec m\u00e1 pouze tzv. hlavov\u00fd konec.<\/h6>\nKopinatci, bezlebe\u010dn\u00ed, jsou mal\u00ed, prot\u00e1hl\u00ed, ryb\u00e1m podobn\u00ed mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed obratlovc\u016fm. Jsou velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00ed pro evolu\u010dn\u00ed biologii, proto\u017ee poskytuj\u00ed vhled do ran\u00e9 evoluce strunatc\u016f \u2013 \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f s osov\u00fdm podp\u016frn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, kam pat\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ichni obratlovci v\u010detn\u011b \u010dlov\u011bka. Nav\u00edc si kopinatci zachovali mnoho rys\u016f, kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b existovaly u spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka strunatc\u016f.<\/p>\n
Proto se na n\u011bj zam\u011b\u0159il t\u00fdm z \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetiky AV \u010cR. V\u00fdsledky studie poskytuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee podstatn\u00e9 rysy v\u00fdvoje hlavy obratlovc\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka v\u0161ech strunatc\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u201eZaj\u00edmaly n\u00e1s struktury spojen\u00e9 s hlavou obratlovc\u016f, jako je neur\u00e1ln\u00ed li\u0161ta a prechord\u00e1ln\u00ed plot\u00e9nka. Po dlouhou dobu se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee ob\u011b struktury jsou inovacemi obratlovc\u016f a \u017ee kopinatci, p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed linie strunatc\u016f, je nemaj\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ibli\u017euje Iryna Kozmikova, vedouc\u00ed t\u00fdmu z \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetiky AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n Neur\u00e1ln\u00ed li\u0161ta je soubor bun\u011bk, kter\u00e9 vedou pod\u00e9l h\u0159betn\u00ed strany vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edho se embrya a pod\u00edlej\u00ed se na v\u00fdvoji mnoha d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch struktur, jako jsou kosti a chrupavky hlavy, obli\u010dej, nervy a pigmentov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. Prechord\u00e1ln\u00ed plot\u00e9nka je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 struktura, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti embrya a hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed lebky a mozku.<\/p>\n \u201eU lid\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee selh\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoje prechord\u00e1ln\u00ed plot\u00e9nky v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad nedokonal\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed mozkov\u00fdch hemisf\u00e9r, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 poruchy mozku a v\u00fdvoje. Defekty neur\u00e1ln\u00ed li\u0161ty mohou zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinit poruchy ve v\u00fdvoji hlavy a obli\u010dejov\u00fdch struktur, jako jsou roz\u0161t\u011bpy rtu a patra nebo deformace lebky a obli\u010deje,\u201c<\/em> popisuje Iryna Kozmikova.<\/p>\n V\u00fdzkum, kter\u00fd zahrnoval anal\u00fdzu bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch populac\u00ed, manipulaci se sign\u00e1ln\u00edmi dr\u00e1hami a transgenn\u00ed experimenty, uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee kopinatec proch\u00e1z\u00ed podobn\u00fdmi v\u00fdvojov\u00fdmi stupni jako obratlovci. D\u00edky vyu\u017eit\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch metod v\u011bdeck\u00fd t\u00fdm analyzoval embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed bu\u0148ky kopinatce ve \u010dty\u0159ech v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch stadi\u00edch. V\u011bdci u n\u011bj identifikovali bu\u0148ky podobn\u00e9 prechord\u00e1ln\u00ed plot\u00e9nce a neur\u00e1ln\u00ed li\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n \u201eKombinac\u00ed t\u011bchto metod jsme identifikovali specifick\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 populace, kter\u00e9 sd\u00edlej\u00ed genetick\u00e9 znaky s bu\u0148kami pod\u00edlej\u00edc\u00edmi se na v\u00fdvoji hlavy u obratlovc\u016f, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed rysy v\u00fdvoje hlavy mohly vzniknout u spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka obratlovc\u016f a kopinatc\u016f,\u201c<\/em> shrnuje Iryna Kozmikova.<\/p>\n Tento v\u00fdzkum podporuje teorii, \u017ee se n\u011bkter\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed struktury spojen\u00e9 s v\u00fdvojem hlavy u obratlovc\u016f vyvinuly ji\u017e u spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka v\u0161ech strunatc\u016f. Lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto evolu\u010dn\u00edch mechanism\u016f m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout nejen vhled do historie \u017eivota na Zemi, ale tak\u00e9 pomoci p\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch poruch spojen\u00fdch s tvorbou hlavy a obli\u010dejov\u00fdch struktur \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" N\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":327538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/04\/z-ruky-av.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327537"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=327537"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327537\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":327539,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327537\/revisions\/327539"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/327538"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=327537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=327537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=327537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Kopinatec odhaluje evolu\u010dn\u00ed p\u016fvod hlavy obratlovc\u016f<\/h6>\n
Pochopen\u00ed historie i nad\u011bje pro budoucnost<\/h6>\n
\nInformujeme:<\/h6>\n
Cizinci \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v \u010cesku netvo\u0159\u00ed homogenn\u00ed skupinu<\/a><\/h4>\n
V Jiho\u010desk\u00e9m kraji bylo k 44. t\u00fddnu potvrzeno 3 062 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f \u010dern\u00e9ho ka\u0161le, v minul\u00e9m t\u00fddnu p\u0159ibylo 23 nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<\/a><\/h4>\n
P\u0158E\u010cT\u011aTE SI U N\u00c1S: Den\u00edk Metro \u2013 4. listopadu 2024<\/a><\/h4>\n
Ch\u0159est z na\u0161ich pol\u00ed \u010cech\u016fm chutn\u00e1. Letos ho \u0161lo do obchod\u016f 182 tun, nejlep\u0161\u00ed prodejci z\u00edskali ocen\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/h4>\n
Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 inspekce zjistila dal\u0161\u00ed produkt s obsahem muscimolu \u2013 halucinogenu z muchom\u016frky \u010derven\u00e9<\/a><\/h4>\n
Plynu je v tuzemsk\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ed zimou dostatek. Napln\u011bny jsou z 93 procent<\/a><\/h4>\n
\u201eUk\u00e1zat lidem faktury \u2013 to maj\u00ed zak\u00e1z\u00e1no.\u201c Pravda o drah\u00e9m m\u00e1sle p\u0159\u00edmo z bran\u017ee<\/a><\/h4>\n
Sb\u00edrka Srdce d\u011btem v Lidlu<\/a><\/h4>\n
P\u0158E\u010cT\u011aTE SI U N\u00c1S: Den\u00edk Metro \u2013 1. listopadu 2024<\/a><\/h4>\n
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