{"id":327303,"date":"2026-10-31T19:11:14","date_gmt":"2026-10-31T18:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=327303"},"modified":"2026-10-31T19:11:14","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T18:11:14","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-cas-dusickovy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=327303","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: \u010cas du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u201eSmrt n\u00e1s nem\u016f\u017ee odtrhnout od t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 milujeme. Jejich pam\u00e1tka z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eiv\u00e1 v na\u0161ich srdc\u00edch a my se s nimi setk\u00e1v\u00e1me ve vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch a snech.\u201c\u00a0<\/em><\/h6>\n
Modlitba za zem\u0159el\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici a zap\u00e1len\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dky je symbolikou vzta\u017eenou ke vzpom\u00ednce a v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9mu \u017eivotu. \u201eVzpom\u00edn\u00e1me na na\u0161e bl\u00edzk\u00e9 a v duchu se pt\u00e1me, jak\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed n\u00e1m zanechal.\u201c<\/em><\/h6>\n

Je to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost zastavit se a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b v souvislosti s jeho kone\u010dnost\u00ed. Je to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost uct\u00edt sv\u016fj rod a to, \u017ee na sv\u011bt\u011b jsme jen d\u00edky na\u0161im p\u0159edk\u016fm. Oni by bez n\u00e1s \u017eili, my bez nich ne. Je to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost jim pod\u011bkovat a zavzpom\u00ednat na n\u011b. A pokud je je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco, co jsme jim neodpustili, je tento \u010das tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Pokud to k hrob\u016fm sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch m\u00e1me daleko nebo ani nev\u00edme, kde le\u017e\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eeme jim zap\u00e1lit sv\u00ed\u010dku doma a u toho na n\u011b zavzpom\u00ednat, \u010di jim pod\u011bkovat.<\/p>\n

Na Du\u0161i\u010dky<\/strong>
\nKdy\u017e n\u011bkdo um\u0159el a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed ho sp\u00e1t<\/em>
\ntam dol\u016f do zem\u011b v t\u00e9 rakvi napo\u0159\u00e1d,<\/em>
\nje vl\u00eddn\u00e9 \u00faslov\u00ed, \u00fat\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 jak s\u00e1m \u010das:<\/em>
\n“My v\u0161ichni na Du\u0161i\u010dky p\u0159ijdeme k Tob\u011b zas!”<\/em>
\nKdyby tak vskutku v\u0161ichni, kdo oplakali jej,<\/em>
\nsem p\u0159i\u0161li k jeho rovu za rok d\u011bj se co d\u011bj,<\/em>
\npak na v\u011bnc\u00edch, co sem nesou, by\u0165 \u017eiv byl jeden kv\u011bt,<\/em>
\ni v \u010dern\u00e9 tm\u011b tam dole sm\u00ed v\u00edra rozpu\u010det.<\/em>
\nTo z domova kdy\u017e m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo nav\u017edycky odej\u00edt,<\/em>
\nza\u017eiva v\u0161e tu ztratit, jen ze vzpom\u00ednek \u017e\u00edt,<\/em>
\nputovat bez \u00fat\u011bchy tak sv\u011btem sem a tam:<\/em>
\nnen\u00ed to v\u00edc jako by nav\u011bky um\u0159el n\u00e1m?<\/em>
\nN\u00e1hrobn\u00ed k\u00e1men s\u00e1m sob\u011b, s\u00e1m sob\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd \u017eal<\/em>
\nopat\u0159\u00ed si a jm\u00e9nu vlastn\u00edmu zaj\u00edt dal.<\/em>
\nPoutn\u00edk tak do noci miz\u00ed i p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm jak sen,<\/em>
\njak p\u00edse\u0148 a s n\u00ed ten sir\u00fd du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00fd den.<\/em><\/p>\n

Po svat\u00e9m Havlu jsou je\u0161t\u011b jasn\u00e9 noci nad horsk\u00fdm lesem. Na Du\u0161i\u010dky v\u0161ak nebi vypadne sv\u011btlo z rukou. Nato rozhod\u00ed zima do str\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dlouh\u00e9 samoty. Druh\u00e9ho listopadu se u n\u00e1s slav\u00ed Du\u0161i\u010dky neboli sv\u00e1tek v\u0161ech mrtv\u00fdch. Ten m\u011bl svoji obdobu u\u017e v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch Kelt\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto obdob\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k magick\u00e9mu prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bt\u016f \u017eiv\u00fdch s mrtv\u00fdmi. Co vlastn\u011b znamenaj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 tradice a zvyky, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me s Du\u0161i\u010dkami spojen\u00e9?<\/p>\n

P\u0159edch\u016fdcem Du\u0161i\u010dek byl starokeltsk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek Samhain. Ten se slavil jako za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9ho roku a byl vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako doba, kdy se st\u00edr\u00e1 hranice mezi sv\u011btem \u017eiv\u00fdch a mrtv\u00fdch. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee se du\u0161e zesnul\u00fdch v tento \u010das vracej\u00ed na zemsk\u00fd povrch a \u017eiv\u00ed zase mohou nav\u0161t\u00edvit podsv\u011bt\u00ed. K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek Du\u0161i\u010dky na\u0161e p\u0159edky posv\u00e1tn\u011b uct\u00edv\u00e1 a v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm taky p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 existenci posmrtn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. I kdy\u017e \u010ce\u0161i pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejv\u00edce ateistick\u00fd n\u00e1rod v Evrop\u011b, o du\u0161i\u010dk\u00e1ch se pravideln\u011b sch\u00e1zej\u00ed s rodinou u hrob\u016f sv\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f, aby spole\u010dn\u011b zavzpom\u00ednali a uctili jejich pam\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n

Na hrobech zapaluj\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed symbolicky o\u010distit jejich du\u0161e a pomoci jim sm\u00ed\u0159it se s Bohem. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v obdob\u00ed Du\u0161i\u010dek maj\u00ed h\u0159bitovy magickou atmosf\u00e9ru. D\u0159\u00edve se ale lid\u00e9 za h\u0159bitovn\u00ed zdi neodv\u00e1\u017eili chodit po setm\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee se nad hroby sch\u00e1z\u00ed temn\u00e9 du\u0161e z o\u010distce, kter\u00e9 si cht\u011bj\u00ed odpo\u010dinout od \u00fatrap. Hospod\u00e1\u0159i ten ve\u010der plnili lampu m\u00e1slem m\u00edsto olejem, aby si zbloudil\u00e9 du\u0161e mohly o\u0161et\u0159it sv\u00e9 pop\u00e1leniny. A bl\u00edzc\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch ten ve\u010der d\u00e1vali za okna studen\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko, aby se j\u00edm du\u0161e mohly zchladit.<\/p>\n

Nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kv\u011btinou, kter\u00e1 se o Du\u0161i\u010dk\u00e1ch nos\u00ed na hrob, je chryzant\u00e9ma neboli listopadka. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se j\u00ed taky du\u0161i\u010dka a symbolizuje ochranu proti zlu a \u0161patn\u00fdm sil\u00e1m. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee kv\u011bte a\u017e do prvn\u00edch mraz\u016f. Pozor, kv\u011btiny na hrobech by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt um\u011bl\u00e9. Proto\u017ee jen \u017eiv\u00e9 kv\u011bty p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed v\u00edru, \u017ee smrt\u00ed v\u0161echno nekon\u010d\u00ed. Krom\u011b kv\u011btin p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme na hroby sv\u00fdch bl\u00edzk\u00fdch taky v\u011bnce \u2013 i ty maj\u00ed symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam, a to nikdy nekon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed kolob\u011bh \u017eivota. Zelen\u00e1 barva jehli\u010dnan\u016f p\u0159itom znamen\u00e1 nad\u011bji na dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot a uchov\u00e1n\u00ed vzpom\u00ednek. Na v\u011bnce lid\u00e9 kdysi d\u00e1vali ozdoby, kter\u00e9 m\u011bli jejich bl\u00edzc\u00ed r\u00e1di, t\u0159eba v podob\u011b su\u0161en\u00fdch jabl\u00ed\u010dek, makovic nebo podzimn\u00edch plod\u016f.<\/p>\n

V na\u0161em kraji se na Du\u0161i\u010dky odnepam\u011bti peklo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pe\u010divo, ka\u017ed\u00e1 oblast m\u011bla to svoje. Peklo se hlavn\u011b drobn\u00e9 sladk\u00e9 pe\u010divo pro pocestn\u00e9, kter\u00fdm se obdarovali i \u017eebr\u00e1ci u kostel\u016f. Je\u0161t\u011b na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed bylo zvykem chodit b\u011bhem t\u011bchto sv\u00e1tk\u016f koledovat. \u0158\u00edkalo se tomu \u201echodit po rohl\u00edk\u00e1ch\u201c, nebo\u0165 koledn\u00edci dost\u00e1vali pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pe\u010divo. \u0160lo nejen o velk\u00e9 rohl\u00edky sypan\u00e9 m\u00e1kem, ale i r\u016fzn\u00e9 boch\u00e1nky, housky, v\u011bne\u010dky a tak\u00e9 pe\u010divo p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed zk\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 kosti, kter\u00fdm se \u0159\u00edkalo \u201ekosti v\u0161esvat\u00fdch\u201c. Obl\u00edben\u00e9 bylo i du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00e9 pe\u010divo, p\u0159\u00edmo nazvan\u00e9 \u201edu\u0161i\u010dky\u201c – m\u011blo tvar v\u011bne\u010dku nebo krou\u017eku a plnilo se obvykle povidly, m\u00e1kem nebo tvarohem.<\/p>\n

V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee o du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00e9 p\u016flnoci maj\u00ed duchov\u00e9 bohoslu\u017ebu. Na \u0160umav\u011b se vypr\u00e1v\u011blo o kmot\u0159e, kter\u00e1 se o du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00e9 noci probudila a proto\u017ee m\u011bs\u00edc tu noc sv\u00edtil velmi jasn\u011b, myslela si, \u017ee je ji\u017e r\u00e1no. Obl\u00e9kla se a sp\u011bchala do h\u0159bitovn\u00ed kaple. Kaple byla pln\u00e1 a u olt\u00e1\u0159e st\u00e1l kn\u011bz. Kmotra se styd\u011bla, \u017ee p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na bohoslu\u017ebu pozd\u011b a tak se rychle posadila a sklopila o\u010di. Po chvilce je zdvihla a rozhl\u00e9dla se kolem sebe. Vid\u011bla mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed j\u00ed byli pov\u011bdom\u00ed. Vzpom\u00ednala, odkud je zn\u00e1, kdy\u017e vtom si uv\u011bdomila, \u017ee to jsou v\u0161echno soused\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ji\u017e po smrti. Vtom do n\u00ed \u0161\u0165ouchla jej\u00ed ned\u00e1vno zem\u0159el\u00e1 sousedka a \u0159ekla j\u00ed, \u017ee je na m\u0161i duch\u016f a \u017ee duchov\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka po skon\u010den\u00ed m\u0161e roztrhaj\u00ed na kousky. Poradila j\u00ed, aby si svl\u00e9kla ko\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek a rychle ode\u0161la. Kmotra poslechla a r\u00e1no, pot\u00e9 co se o z\u00e1\u017eitku z p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9 noci sv\u011b\u0159ila soused\u016fm, se v\u0161ichni vypravili do kapli\u010dky, kde nalezli ko\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek roztrhan\u00fd na mal\u00e9 kous\u00ed\u010dky.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Na Du\u0161i\u010dky Budweiser Zeitung, 1928, \u010d. 85, s. 4 Paul Messner autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161, elektronick\u00e1 verze Ivo Kare\u0161 Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, Du\u0161i\u010dky – \u010das symbolick\u00e9ho prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta \u017eiv\u00fdch a mrtv\u00fdch<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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