{"id":326450,"date":"2024-10-24T06:47:09","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T05:47:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=326450"},"modified":"2024-10-24T07:28:20","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T06:28:20","slug":"ceska-republika-nove-poznatky-o-sireni-mysi-prozrazuji-hodne-i-o-migraci-lidi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=326450","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Nov\u00e9 poznatky o \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o kolonizaci Evropy, uk\u00e1zal to v\u00fdzkum"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Jaroslav Pi\u00e1lek v chovech my\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch ve Studenci. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sb\u00edrka kmen\u016f my\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch odvozen\u00fdch z divok\u00fdch populac\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v chovn\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR ve Studenci. Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed sb\u00edrka, \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 kmen\u016f my\u0161\u00ed, je jedine\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro genetick\u00e9 a evolu\u010dn\u00ed studie.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u00dazk\u00fd vztah mezi my\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed a \u010dlov\u011bkem je pro v\u011bdce jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k v\u00fdzkumu historick\u00fdch migrac\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 populace. T\u00fdm expert\u016f ze dvou \u00fastav\u016f Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR zve\u0159ejnil studii, kter\u00e1 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 poznatky o evoluci a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161i dom\u00e1c\u00ed (Mus musculus) v Evrop\u011b. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdzkum zahrnoval v\u00edce ne\u017e 8000 my\u0161\u00ed z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Jeho v\u00fdsledky m\u011bn\u00ed dosavadn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o kolonizaci Evropy a pohled na vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed lid\u00ed a zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/h6>\n

\"\"My\u0161 dom\u00e1c\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm modelov\u00fdm organismem v mnoha v\u011bdeck\u00fdch oborech a z\u00e1rove\u0148 po \u010dlov\u011bku druh\u00fdm nejv\u00edce studovan\u00fdm savcem. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak znalosti o jej\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed historii z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ne\u00fapln\u00e9. Tyto mezery se rozhodl objasnit v\u011bdeck\u00fd t\u00fdm z \u00dastavu \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 fyziologie a genetiky AV \u010cR a \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee kolonizace Evropy ob\u011bma poddruhy my\u0161i dom\u00e1c\u00ed se d\u011bla zcela odli\u0161n\u011b. Zat\u00edmco v\u00fdchodn\u00ed poddruh (Mus musculus musculus) byl v Evrop\u011b zastoupen jednou hlavn\u00ed lini\u00ed, z\u00e1padn\u00ed poddruh (Mus musculus domesticus) se \u0161\u00ed\u0159il n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdmi cestami.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e v\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh migrace my\u0161\u00ed v Evrop\u011b je mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme si dosud mysleli. Na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch studi\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00edme ze sou\u010dasn\u00fdch poznatk\u016f dokl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch bohat\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed kontakty mezi st\u0159edn\u00ed, z\u00e1padn\u00ed a severn\u00ed Evropou b\u011bhem doby bronzov\u00e9. Dal\u0161\u00ed koloniza\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1ze byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b spojena s odchodem germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edchodem baltsko-slovansk\u00fdch kmen\u016f do uvoln\u011bn\u00e9ho prostoru. Nazna\u010dujeme, \u017ee t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem mohl vzniknout unik\u00e1tn\u00ed genetick\u00fd mix severoevropsk\u00fdch my\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00fd pout\u00e1 pozornost v\u011bdc\u016f od 80. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> popisuje Milo\u0161 Machol\u00e1n z \u00dastavu \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 fyziologie a genetiky AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Tento objev m\u011bn\u00ed dosavadn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o kolonizaci Evropy my\u0161mi a vrh\u00e1 nov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo na historick\u00e9 interakce mezi lidsk\u00fdmi a zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi populacemi.<\/p>\n

Historie a v\u00fdznam hybridn\u00ed z\u00f3ny my\u0161\u00ed v Evrop\u011b<\/h6>\n

My\u0161i dom\u00e1c\u00ed se poprv\u00e9 objevily na indicko-p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9m subkontinentu nebo \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161in\u011b zhruba p\u0159ed 500 000 lety, kde se posl\u00e9ze rozd\u011blily do n\u011bkolika poddruh\u016f. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 12 000 lety se p\u0159ipojily k lidsk\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem a spolu s nimi se postupn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

V Evrop\u011b se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed dva nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poddruhy a na hranici jejich are\u00e1l\u016f vznikla tzv. hybridn\u00ed z\u00f3na, kde se oba poddruhy k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a produkuj\u00ed hybridn\u00ed potomstvo. Tato \u00fazk\u00e1 z\u00f3na je geograficky jasn\u011b definovan\u00e1 a poskytuje v\u011bdc\u016fm jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost mezi ob\u011bma poddruhy studovat genetick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly.<\/p>\n

\u201eV na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci jsme m\u011bli k dispozici jedine\u010dn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd soubor v\u00edce ne\u017e 7000 vzork\u016f my\u0161\u00ed pod\u00e9l 900 km dlouh\u00e9ho \u00faseku hybridn\u00ed z\u00f3ny nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d celou Evropou a tis\u00edcovku dal\u0161\u00edch vzork\u016f z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Na sekvenc\u00edch dvou gen\u016f mtDNA jsme op\u011bt uk\u00e1zali, jak je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nestudovat hybridn\u00ed z\u00f3nu v jednom m\u00edst\u011b, proto\u017ee chov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed genom\u016f pod\u00e9l jej\u00edho pr\u016fb\u011bhu Evropou je dynamick\u00e9,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos pr\u00e1ce Jaroslav Pi\u00e1lek z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci dolo\u017eili, \u017ee mtDNA v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech kontaktn\u00ed z\u00f3ny nep\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed v\u016fbec, n\u011bkde jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem, jinde opa\u010dn\u00fdm. V severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti evropsk\u00e9 hybridn\u00ed z\u00f3ny si v\u00fdchodn\u00ed poddruh dokonce vyp\u016fj\u010dil celou mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA od sv\u00e9ho partnera ze z\u00e1padu.<\/p>\n

\u201eZjistili jsme, \u017ee my\u0161i z t\u00e9to oblasti jsou ze stejn\u00e9 linie jako my\u0161i ze Skandin\u00e1vie, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed mozaiku jadern\u00e9 DNA v\u00fdchodn\u00edho poddruhu a mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA poddruhu z\u00e1padn\u00edho,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Jaroslav Pi\u00e1lek.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd pohled na migrace my\u0161\u00ed a lid\u00ed na severu Evropy<\/h6>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b nov\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch dat prom\u00edtnut\u00fdch do genetick\u00fdch dat popsan\u00fdch v t\u00e9to studii v\u011bdci zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed dosavadn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161\u00ed v severn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. P\u016fvodn\u00ed hypot\u00e9zy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daly bu\u010f absenci my\u0161\u00ed ve Skandin\u00e1vii b\u011bhem doby bronzov\u00e9, nebo kolonizaci Skandin\u00e1vie nejprve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm poddruhem (musculus), kterou n\u00e1sledn\u011b nahradil z\u00e1padn\u00ed poddruh (domesticus). Ob\u011b teorie v\u0161ak maj\u00ed podle v\u011bdc\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 nedostatky. Proto navrhuj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee do severn\u00ed Evropy jako prvn\u00ed pronikl z\u00e1padn\u00ed poddruh my\u0161i dom\u00e1c\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b s germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi kmeny, zat\u00edmco v\u00fdchodn\u00ed poddruh se \u0161\u00ed\u0159il pozd\u011bji spolu s migra\u010dn\u00edmi vlnami Slovan\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e studie nejen\u017ee m\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 pohled na kolonizaci Evropy my\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro v\u00fdzkum lidsk\u00e9 historie. Studium genetick\u00fdch stop v my\u0161\u00edch populac\u00edch n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt tomu, jak se lid\u00e9 v minulosti pohybovali a jak\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a biologick\u00e9 interakce tyto jevy prov\u00e1zely,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Milo\u0161 Machol\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Studie je z\u00e1sadn\u00edm krokem k lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed dynamiky my\u0161i dom\u00e1c\u00ed a jej\u00edho vlivu na zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 historie.<\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n

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  \u00dazk\u00fd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":326452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/24\/nove-poznatky-mysi-avcr-2.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326450"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=326450"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":326466,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326450\/revisions\/326466"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/326452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=326450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=326450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=326450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}