{"id":324453,"date":"2024-10-06T18:25:53","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T17:25:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=324453"},"modified":"2024-10-06T18:25:53","modified_gmt":"2024-10-06T17:25:53","slug":"z-prvni-ruky-lesy-na-sumave-se-bez-lidske-pece-obejdou-potvrzuje-to-dlouhodoby-monitoring-bezzasahovych-uzemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=324453","title":{"rendered":"Z PRVN\u00cd RUKY: Lesy na \u0160umav\u011b se bez lidsk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de obejdou. Potvrzuje to dlouhodob\u00fd monitoring bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"U\u017e \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00fdm rokem p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed evropsky unik\u00e1tn\u00ed monitoring bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed na \u0160umav\u011b jedine\u010dn\u00e9 informace. D\u00edky bezm\u00e1la 1100 trval\u00fdm monitora\u010dn\u00edm ploch\u00e1m m\u00e1me p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace o tom, jak po\u010detn\u00e9 je zmlazen\u00ed, jak\u00e9 d\u0159eviny zde rostou nebo jak\u00fd objem tlej\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159eva se v bezz\u00e1sahov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Biomonitoring za\u010dal rok po t\u00e9, co podobu velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u0160umavy zm\u011bnil ork\u00e1n Kyrill. V roce 2008 se zm\u011bnila i velikost bezz\u00e1sahov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed z p\u016fvodn\u00edch 13 na v\u00edce ne\u017e 23 procent \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku. Tato zm\u011bna byla p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na rozporupln\u011b jak laickou, tak odbornou ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed nev\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee se lesn\u00ed porosty rozvr\u00e1cen\u00e9 v\u011btrem a n\u00e1sledn\u011b k\u016frovcovou gradac\u00ed obnov\u00ed bez p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 ruky.<\/p>\n

\u201ePrvn\u00ed kolo monitoringu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m jsme podrobn\u011b zmonitorovali 1079 ploch, n\u00e1m trvalo p\u0159esn\u011b deset let. Tou hlavn\u00ed informac\u00ed, kterou jsme tehdy z\u00edskali, byl \u00fadaj o samovoln\u00e9m zmlazov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f. Na jednom hektaru bezz\u00e1sahov\u00e9 plochy jsme napo\u010d\u00edtali v pr\u016fm\u011bru 6 323 kus\u016f mlad\u00fdch stromk\u016f. Nebyly ale v\u00fdjimkou plochy, kde po\u010detnost zmlazen\u00ed dosahovala 80 000 jedinc\u016f na hektar, a v jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dokonce v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 000 stromk\u016f na hektaru plochy,\u201c<\/em> vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 referentka biomonitoringu Pavla \u010c\u00ed\u017ekov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u201eZ\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace v\u0161ak z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me nyn\u00ed, kdy se na monitora\u010dn\u00ed plochy vrac\u00edme. Od roku 2019 do sou\u010dasnosti jsme m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zopakovali na 578 ploch\u00e1ch a rozd\u00edly oproti prvn\u00edmu kolu jsou jasn\u011b z\u0159eteln\u00e9. Jedn\u00edm z t\u011bch nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst mno\u017estv\u00ed le\u017e\u00edc\u00edho tlej\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159eva. Zat\u00edmco v prvn\u00edm kole monitoringu to bylo pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 88 m3\/ha, v druh\u00e9m kole to je skoro jednou tolik, tedy 151 m3\/ha. Tento rozd\u00edl m\u00e1me podrobn\u011b zdokumentovan\u00fd na jednotliv\u00fdch monitora\u010dn\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch, ale je viditeln\u00fd i pouh\u00fdm okem. A vlastn\u011b ho c\u00edt\u00edme i ka\u017ed\u00fd den, kdy kv\u016fli mno\u017estv\u00ed le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch kmen\u016f je st\u00e1le t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed nejen plochy zm\u011b\u0159it, ale i se na n\u011b dostat,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed informaci Pavla \u010c\u00ed\u017ekov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je porovn\u00e1n\u00ed ploch, kde se v prvn\u00edm cyklu biomonitoringu vyskytovala nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hustota zmlazen\u00ed. Tam, kde rostly vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky tis\u00edc stromk\u016f, se po deseti letech jejich po\u010det sn\u00ed\u017eil. \u201eI tak je ale pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hustota zmlazen\u00ed na t\u011bchto 20 ploch\u00e1ch velmi vysok\u00e1 a p\u0159esahuje 27 000 ks zmlazen\u00ed na hektar,\u201c<\/em> zp\u0159es\u0148uje referentka biomonitoringu Pavla Sta\u0148kov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvodem sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu mal\u00fdch stromk\u016f je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm to, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 neust\u00e1ly konkuren\u010dn\u00ed tlak a p\u0159irozen\u011b odum\u0159ely. Mnoh\u00e9, kter\u00e9 v prvn\u00edm cyklu pat\u0159ily do kategorie zmlazen\u00ed (m\u011bly pr\u016fm\u011br kmene ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 1,3 m max. 69 mm), jsme v druh\u00e9m cyklu zastihli u\u017e jako jedince stromov\u00e9ho patra (pr\u016fm\u011br kmene ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 1,3 m 70 mm a v\u00edce).<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00edm cyklu (2009-2018) monitoringu byla druhov\u00e1 skladba v\u0161ech \u017eiv\u00fdch jedinc\u016f stromov\u00e9ho patra v pom\u011bru: smrk 70 %, buk 12 % a b\u0159\u00edzy 7 %.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u017div\u00e9 stromov\u00e9 patro ve druh\u00e9m cyklu je pos\u00edlen\u00e9 o mal\u00e9 stromy, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ehouply z kategorie zmlazen\u00ed do kategorie stromov\u00e9ho patra, a nadvl\u00e1da smrku se op\u011bt posiluje. Smrk dosahuje 78 %, buk 10 %, a b\u0159\u00edzy 6 %,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Pavla \u010c\u00ed\u017ekov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Velmi cenn\u00fdm bonusem lesn\u00edho monitoringu je i p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fd monitoring vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch druh\u016f \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f nebo hub. \u201eZcela b\u011b\u017en\u011b v horsk\u00fdch smr\u010din\u00e1ch potk\u00e1v\u00e1me slavn\u00e9ho kornatce velk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd se navzdory tomu, co se p\u00ed\u0161e v entomologick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edru\u010dk\u00e1ch – m\u011bl by to b\u00fdt brouk se soumra\u010dnou a\u017e no\u010dn\u00ed aktivitou – p\u0159es den \u017eiv\u00ed na v\u00fdtrusorod\u00fdch rou\u0161c\u00edch troudnatc\u016f p\u00e1sovan\u00fdch. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 s n\u00edm m\u00e1me \u010dasto mo\u017enost pozorovat i jeho m\u00e9n\u011b slavn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 kornatce drobn\u00e9ho a kornatce, kter\u00fd vypad\u00e1 jako mal\u00e1 chlupat\u00e1 p\u0159ilbi\u010dka a kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no (Thymalus limbatus),<\/em>\u201c zmi\u0148uje Pavla \u010c\u00ed\u017ekov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Na n\u011bkolika ploch\u00e1ch m\u011bli odborn\u00edci mo\u017enost pozorovat vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy hub, nap\u0159. troudnatce r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9ho. Jedn\u00e1 se o horsk\u00fd druh, kter\u00fd roste na n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo m\u00edstech v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, je to vz\u00e1cn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd zcela b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch druh\u016f troudnatce p\u00e1sovan\u00e9ho a kopytovit\u00e9ho. Dal\u0161\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00fd druh houby, kter\u00fd se vyskytuje na bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch na \u0160umav\u011b, je oh\u0148ovec ohrani\u010den\u00fd. Tato d\u0159evo\u017eijn\u00e1 houba, kter\u00e1 preferuje star\u00e9 mohutn\u00e9 tlej\u00edc\u00ed kmeny v pralesovit\u00fdch zbytc\u00edch, je indik\u00e1torem p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu smrku.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00fdsledky biomonitoringu bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed na \u0160umav\u011b jsou skv\u011bl\u00e9. M\u00e1m obrovskou radost, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eeme ve\u0159ejnosti p\u0159edlo\u017eit jasn\u00e1 fakta o tom, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edroda si bez lidsk\u00e9ho p\u0159i\u010din\u011bn\u00ed porad\u00ed, a potvrzuje se, \u017ee p\u0159irozen\u00fd v\u00fdvoj lesa funguje. Tento jedine\u010dn\u00ed projekt tak\u00e9 prokazuje, \u017ee vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159iceti lety byl spr\u00e1vn\u00fd krok a n\u00e1\u0161 dlouhodob\u00fd c\u00edl ponechat 75 procent \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku p\u0159irozen\u00fdm proces\u016fm, \u0161umavsk\u00fdm les\u016fm nikterak neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, ba pr\u00e1v\u011b naopak,\u201c<\/em> hodnot\u00ed \u0159editel Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u00da\u017easn\u00e9 je, \u017ee na \u0160umav\u011b st\u00e1le dominuje smrk. Jeho pod\u00edl se posledn\u00edch 9 000 let pohybuje mezi 55 a 90 procenty, jak n\u00e1m potvrdily pylov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy v sedimentech jezer. I p\u0159es v\u00fdkyvy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 polomy nebo k\u016frovcov\u00fdmi gradacemi, si dosud \u0160umava udr\u017euje stejnou podobu les\u016f. Pro mne je to fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> zakon\u010duje \u0159editel.<\/p>\n

(tz-np\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Informujeme:<\/h6>\n

Prvn\u00ed d\u00e1ma a dal\u0161\u00ed vrchnostensk\u00e1 nenajedenost<\/a><\/h4>\n

Sv\u011btov\u00fd den meningitidy p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eitost osv\u011bty a prevence \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edho z\u00e1n\u011btu mozkov\u00fdch blan<\/a><\/h4>\n

Hra\u010dka na baterie \u201eBIO va\u0159i\u010d KITCHEN TOYS\u201c obsahuje nadlimitn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed olova a kadmia a p\u0159edstavuje riziko pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/a><\/h4>\n

V\u00fdsledky jedn\u00e1n\u00ed odbor\u00e1\u0159\u016f s vl\u00e1dou o navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed plat\u016f od 1. 1. 2025 ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b a sf\u00e9\u0159e<\/a><\/h4>\n

P\u0158E\u010cT\u011aTE SI U N\u00c1S: Den\u00edk Metro \u2013 4. \u0159\u00edjna 2024<\/a><\/h4>\n
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U\u017e \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00fdm <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":324455,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/06\/z-ruky-nps.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324453"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=324453"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":324456,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324453\/revisions\/324456"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/324455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=324453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=324453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=324453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}