{"id":323551,"date":"2025-09-25T19:54:58","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T18:54:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=323551"},"modified":"2025-09-25T19:54:58","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T18:54:58","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-svatek-svateho-vaclava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=323551","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Se sv\u00e1tkem svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava bylo v minulosti spojeno n\u011bkolik tradic. Obl\u00edben\u00e9 jm\u00e9no V\u00e1clav v sob\u011b skr\u00fdv\u00e1 slovansk\u00e9 tradice i velk\u00fd kus n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdosti. M\u00e1 \u017eensk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek V\u00e1clava, kter\u00fd se ale zdaleka neu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak \u010dasto jako V\u00e1clav, a sv\u00fdm nositel\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159adu variac\u00ed. Jm\u00e9no V\u00e1clav zn\u00e1 i sloven\u0161tina, pol\u0161tina u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jm\u00e9na Wac\u0142aw a Wi\u0119c\u0142aw, angli\u010dt\u00ed V\u00e1clavov\u00e9 se jmenuj\u00ed Wenceslas, n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed Wenzel, italsk\u00e1 a \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 verze zn\u00ed Venceslao, portugalskou verz\u00ed jm\u00e9na je Venceslau.<\/h6>\n

Lid\u00e9 si sv\u00e1tek sv. V\u00e1clava obl\u00edbili a slavila ho cel\u00e1 zem\u011b. V tento slavn\u00fd den se konaly slavnostn\u00ed m\u0161e, pout\u011b, svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e1 posv\u00edcen\u00ed a lidov\u00e9 veselice. Den sv. V\u00e1clava byl v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm datem hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho roku \u2013 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch kon\u010dila toho dne slu\u017eba \u010deledi a uzav\u00edraly se smlouvy pro n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok. V kopcovit\u00fdch kraj\u00edch kon\u010dila obvykle toho dne pastva na sala\u0161\u00edch a st\u00e1da se vracela do n\u00ed\u017ee polo\u017een\u00fdch vs\u00ed do chl\u00e9v\u016f k p\u0159ezimov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek 28. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nen\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed, jak by se z podoby oslav mohlo zd\u00e1t. Svat\u00fd V\u00e1clav je tak\u00e9 symbolem \u010desk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti. Jeho podobizna se objevovala u\u017e na st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch minc\u00edch. I z tohoto d\u016fvodu se k n\u011bmu hl\u00e1sil Karel IV., byl p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1n za prvn\u00ed republiky, kdy se konaly velk\u00e9 oslavy tis\u00edce let od jeho vra\u017edy. Proto tak\u00e9 byl jeho kult v pob\u011blohorsk\u00e9 dob\u011b odsouv\u00e1n do pozad\u00ed. Svat\u00fd V\u00e1clav ur\u010dit\u011b nevedl mni\u0161sk\u00fd \u017eivot zasv\u011bcen\u00fd jen bohu, jak l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed legendy, i kdy\u017e nejm\u00e9n\u011b jeden kostel zalo\u017eil. T\u011b\u017eko by s\u00e1m p\u011bstoval obil\u00ed a vinnou r\u00e9vou pro svat\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. V bou\u0159liv\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch na za\u010d\u00e1tku 10. stolet\u00ed, kdy se na franck\u00e9 stran\u011b p\u0159esouvala moc z Bavor do Saska a Jind\u0159ich Pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edk se sna\u017eil upevnit svou moc a bojoval s pohansk\u00fdmi slovansk\u00fdmi kmeny, m\u011bl kn\u00ed\u017ee \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 starosti. A pokud kupoval otroky, jak se zmi\u0148uje v legend\u00e1ch, tak ur\u010dit\u011b ne proto, aby jim dal svobodu.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1clav v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 nebyl panovn\u00edkem, jen\u017e jako prvn\u00ed \u201espr\u00e1vn\u011b\u201c pochopil, \u017ee se \u010cech\u016fm bude nejl\u00e9pe da\u0159it pod N\u011bmci, jak tvrdili nacist\u00e9 za protektor\u00e1tu. V\u00e1clav se skute\u010dn\u011b domluvil, \u017ee bude Jind\u0159ichovi Pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edkovi, jeho\u017e vojska u\u017e st\u00e1la v roce 929 p\u0159ed Prahou, odv\u00e1d\u011bt pravideln\u00fd poplatek, on\u011bch \u010dasto zmi\u0148ovan\u00fdch, ale nepotvrzen\u00fdch 120 vol\u016f a 500 h\u0159iven st\u0159\u00edbra. \u010ce\u0161i v\u0161ak u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve platili nepravidelnou da\u0148 za m\u00edr do Bavorska a nov\u011b se tato da\u0148 odv\u00e1d\u011bla do Saska a stala se pravidelnou.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdbojn\u00fd Jind\u0159ich Pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edk ov\u0161em sou\u010dasn\u011b bral V\u00e1clava jako partnera, nebo\u0165 mu po uzav\u0159en\u00ed dohody v\u011bnoval vz\u00e1cnou relikvii, pa\u017ei svat\u00e9ho V\u00edta. V\u00e1clav pak nechal postavit v are\u00e1lu dne\u0161n\u00edho Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho hradu rotundu svat\u00e9ho V\u00edta.<\/p>\n

Legendy se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava tvo\u0159ily podle pot\u0159eb snadno, proto\u017ee o jeho \u017eivot\u011b je toho zn\u00e1mo velmi m\u00e1lo. Potomek kn\u00ed\u017eete Vratislava a Drahom\u00edry se z\u0159ejm\u011b narodil v roce 907. Kdy\u017e Vratislav v roce 921 zem\u0159el, nebyl je\u0161t\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fd, d\u00e1l z\u016fst\u00e1val v p\u00e9\u010di babi\u010dky Ludmily, a vl\u00e1dla Drahom\u00edra, kter\u00e1 v t\u00e9m\u017ee roce nechala Ludmilu zavra\u017edit. Nejpozd\u011bji v roce 925 ale u\u017e V\u00e1clav st\u00e1l v \u010dele kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed. Spory mezi P\u0159emyslovci mohly m\u00edt n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, i kdy\u017e nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda byla Drahom\u00edra skute\u010dn\u011b zarytou pohankou, jak se tvrd\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch legend\u00e1ch, aby se vyzdvihla V\u00e1clavova v\u00edra.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1clav byl zavra\u017ed\u011bn ve Star\u00e9 Boleslavi, bu\u010f v roce 929, nebo sp\u00ed\u0161 a\u017e v roce 935, co\u017e ov\u0161em nazna\u010duje, \u017ee nemuselo j\u00edt o okam\u017eitou nespokojenost s V\u00e1clavov\u00fdm pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm se Jind\u0159ichu Pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edkovi, kter\u00fd vyvracel kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed severn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pohansk\u00fdch Slovan\u016f. Mohlo j\u00edt o pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch spor\u016f. Na druhou stranu ale Boleslav v roce 935 odm\u00edtl \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu c\u00edsa\u0159i Otovi platit po Jind\u0159ichov\u011b smrti tribut a vedl \u010dtrn\u00e1ct let dlouhou saskou v\u00e1lku.<\/p>\n

O svat\u00e9m V\u00e1clavu vznikla cel\u00e1 \u0159ada legend, u nich\u017e je \u010dasto velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit \u010dasov\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed a s t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed filiaci neboli vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vztahy mezi legendami, kter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti legendy jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 (n\u011bkdy p\u0159\u00edmo opsan\u00e9) na kter\u00e9 legend\u011b a kter\u00e9 jsou p\u016fvodn\u00edm textem autora. Minimum jin\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v o V\u00e1clavov\u011b \u017eivot\u011b tak\u00e9 nedovoluje pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f z legend soudob\u00fdmi prameny. Legendy o svat\u00e9m V\u00e1clavovi se objevuj\u00ed od druh\u00e9 poloviny 10. stolet\u00ed, tedy n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed po jeho smrti. Jeho v\u00fdznam, mimo jin\u00e9 v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho panovn\u00edka posv\u011bcuj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159emyslovskou dynastii nebo d\u00edky k jeho odkazu se hl\u00e1s\u00edc\u00edmu Karlu IV., zajistil popularitu t\u011bchto legend, jejich psan\u00ed a opisov\u00e1n\u00ed, po cel\u00fd st\u0159edov\u011bk. L\u00ed\u010den\u00ed V\u00e1clavova \u017eivota pak z legend p\u0159ej\u00edmali i auto\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edch d\u011bl, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad Kosmova kronika.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> KOSMAS – Kosmova kronika \u010desk\u00e1. 7. vyd. Praha, Litomy\u0161l: Paseka, 2005 PALACK\u00dd Franti\u0161ek – D\u011bjiny n\u00e1roda \u010desk\u00e9ho v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b. Praha: L. Maz\u00e1\u010d, 1936 KR\u00c1L\u00cdK Old\u0159ich – Nejstar\u0161\u00ed legendy P\u0159emyslovsk\u00fdch \u010cech. Praha: Vy\u0161ehrad, 1968.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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