Sv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u010dasopis Journal of Applied Ecology na za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed publikoval rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd shrnul v\u00fdsledky monitoringu p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho zmlazen\u00ed les\u016f na \u0160umav\u011b, jen\u017e pro\u0161ly v\u011btrnou a k\u016frovcovou kalamitou. Podle n\u011bj se v\u00a0oblasti mezi Roklanem, Luzn\u00fdm a \u010cernou Horou za posledn\u00edch 10 let zn\u00e1sobila hustota p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho zmlazen\u00ed. Na hektaru plochy je tak v\u00edce mlad\u00fdch smrk\u016f, ne\u017e kolik by se jich vys\u00e1zelo v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b uplatn\u011bn\u00ed klasick\u00fdch lesnick\u00fdch postup\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u201eDnes je na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed jin\u00e1 situace, ne\u017e jak\u00e1 byla p\u0159ed \u0161esti nebo sedmi lety, kdy mnoz\u00ed zpochyb\u0148ovali to, \u017ee v\u00a0horsk\u00fdch smr\u010din\u00e1ch funguje p\u0159irozen\u00e9 zmlazen\u00ed a prosazovali um\u011bl\u00e9 zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 poznatky prokazuj\u00ed nejen existenci dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed nov\u00e9 generace lesa, ale i vlivy, kter\u00e9 na jej\u00ed uchycen\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed,\u201c<\/strong> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u00e1m\u011bstek \u0159editele Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava a sou\u010dasn\u011b spoluautor \u010dl\u00e1nku Martin Star\u00fd.<\/p>\n \u201eVe sledovan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b tedy mezi Roklanem, Luzn\u00fdm a \u010cernou horou a to jak v\u00a0\u010d\u00e1stech N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Bavorsk\u00fd les, tak i \u0160umavy, kde k\u016frovcov\u00e9 disturbance prob\u011bhly v\u00a0devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech a po roce 2007, se za posledn\u00edch deset let hustota zmlazen\u00ed razantn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila (v pr\u016fm\u011bru ze 2290 ks\/ha a\u017e na 4890 ks\/ha). Stejn\u011b tak se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee vliv pion\u00fdrsk\u00fdch d\u0159evin, jako b\u0159\u00edz nebo je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f, nen\u00ed tak v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, jak se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo a je velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00fd. Do t\u0159\u00ed let je p\u0159erostou smrky. Tak\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eba s\u00a0odvozem d\u0159eva, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e1\u00a0um\u011blou obnovou v\u00a0t\u011bchto poloh\u00e1ch, tak nezlep\u0161uje p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed stav, ale naopak um\u011ble m\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fd v\u00fdvoj t\u011bchto les\u016f,\u201c <\/strong>dopl\u0148uje Martin Star\u00fd. P\u0159irozen\u00e1 obnova lesa m\u00e1 p\u0159itom jednu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu, je zadarmo.<\/p>\n \u201eNa tomto \u00fazem\u00ed rostou solit\u00e9rn\u00ed smrky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed hlubokou korunu, na druhou stranu jsou zde k\u00a0vid\u011bn\u00ed shluky neprostupn\u00e9ho ml\u00e1z\u00ed, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0velk\u00e9mu konkuren\u010dn\u00edmu boji. T\u00edm vznik\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u011b vysok\u00fd a r\u016fznov\u011bk\u00fd les, kter\u00fd si vytvo\u0159\u00ed sama p\u0159\u00edroda a nevznik\u00e1 tu v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e1 monokultura, kterou by zalo\u017eil \u010dlov\u011bk,\u201c<\/strong> vysv\u011btluje \u0159editel Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n Nav\u00edc, les, ve kter\u00e9m do\u0161lo k\u00a0odum\u0159en\u00ed vrchn\u00edho stromov\u00e9ho patra a kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00e9 obnov\u011b, nem\u00e1 negativn\u00ed vliv na odtokov\u00e9 pom\u011bry v\u00a0dan\u00e9m povod\u00ed. Tento z\u00e1v\u011br vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0monitoringu hydrobiologa Spr\u00e1vy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Bavorsk\u00fd les Burkharda Beuderta, kter\u00fd dlouhodob\u011b sleduje vlivy k\u016frovce na hydrologick\u00fd cyklus.<\/p>\n \u201eNa\u0161e v\u00fdsledky jsou prvn\u00edm d\u016fkazem, \u017ee v\u00a0povod\u00edch s\u00a0lesy po k\u016frovcov\u00e9m napaden\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kvalita vody s\u00a0ohledem na obsah nitr\u00e1t\u016f vysok\u00e1. Nam\u011b\u0159ili jsme zde o 10 a\u017e 20 % vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtoky vody, proto\u017ee tu nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0transpiraci z\u00a0p\u016fdy stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed vody p\u0159es pr\u016fduchy v\u00a0jehlic\u00edch. T\u00edm zat\u00edm aktu\u00e1ln\u011b vliv k\u016frovce vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 zm\u011bny odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f vznikl\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami,\u201c <\/strong>p\u0159edstavuje hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry sv\u00e9ho monitoringu Burkhard Beudert.<\/p>\n Spr\u00e1va N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava se u\u017e od konce devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let sv\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi zasazuje o zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b a to revitalizac\u00ed lesn\u00edky kdysi odvodn\u011bn\u00fdch ra\u0161elini\u0161\u0165 a podm\u00e1\u010den\u00fdch smr\u010din.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>\u201eZa dobu existence parku bylo takto zp\u011btn\u011b zavodn\u011bno na 600 ha ra\u0161elini\u0161\u0165. Vznikly tak neviditeln\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee skryt\u00e9 v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b a v podzemn\u00ed vod\u011b. Zadr\u017e\u00edme takto mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objemy vody, ne\u017e kdybychom tu stav\u011bli mal\u00e9 rybn\u00ed\u010dky,\u201c<\/strong> vysv\u011btluje postup Spr\u00e1vy Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav sucha nejen na \u0160umav\u011b, ale v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, sleduj\u00ed pracovn\u00edci Mendelovy univerzity v\u00a0Brn\u011b.<\/p>\n \u201eP\u0159esto\u017ee ji\u017en\u00ed \u010cechy byly v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce\u00a0od po\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dervence posti\u017eeny jak relativn\u00edm (vzta\u017eeno\u00a0k pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9mu\u00a0stavu\u00a0obdob\u00ed\u00a01961-2010), tak i re\u00e1ln\u00fdm nedostatkem vl\u00e1hy v p\u016fd\u011b, byla oblast NP a CHKO \u0160umava v\u00fdrazn\u011bji zasa\u017eena a\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b m\u011bs\u00edce srpna. V tuto dobu nasycen\u00ed p\u016fdy vodou v oblasti n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku bylo v pr\u016fm\u011bru pod 50 % maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho nasycen\u00ed a na konci m\u011bs\u00edce na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech klesla i pod 30 % nasycen\u00ed, co\u017e u vegetace s hloubkou ko\u0159en\u016f do 1 m mohlo vyvolat stres z nedostatku vl\u00e1hy. S p\u0159\u00edchodem sr\u00e1\u017eek na po\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a poklesem teplot vzduchu se situace v povrchov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b do 40 cm postupn\u011b normalizovala.<\/strong><\/p>\n Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dru\u017eicov\u00fdch dat je vegetace v\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku v relativn\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed kondici ne\u017e na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje a tak tomu bylo pov\u011bt\u0161inu srpna a po\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed,\u201c<\/strong> dopl\u0148uje t\u00fdm pracovn\u00edk\u016f z Centra v\u00fdzkumu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny AV \u010cR, v.v.i. a Mendelovy univerzity v\u00a0Brn\u011b stoj\u00edc\u00ed za str\u00e1nkami www.intersucho.cz<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n (jd)<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto:\u00a0\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Rosenkranz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,10],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31902"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31902"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31902\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32642,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31902\/revisions\/32642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31902"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}