{"id":318189,"date":"2024-08-19T09:49:21","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T08:49:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=318189"},"modified":"2024-08-19T09:49:21","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T08:49:21","slug":"z-prvni-ruky-cirok-umi-produkovat-superpyl-objev-muze-pomoci-ve-slechteni-odolnejsich-plodin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=318189","title":{"rendered":"Z PRVN\u00cd RUKY: \u010cirok um\u00ed produkovat \u201esuperpyl\u201c. Objev m\u016f\u017ee pomoci ve \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch plodin"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd objev se poda\u0159il v\u011bdc\u016fm z olomouck\u00e9ho pracovi\u0161t\u011b \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed botaniky Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR. Ve spolupr\u00e1ci s n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi kolegy z Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research identifikovali u rostliny \u010dirok pyl s unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi vlastnostmi. V\u00fdzkum by v budoucnu mohl pomoci se \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00edm odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin. O objevu informuje presti\u017en\u00ed \u010dasopis The New Phytologist<\/a>.<\/h6>\n

\u010cirok se sv\u011bt\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na v\u00fdrobu mouky a tak\u00e9 jako krmivo pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata. V\u011bdci se zam\u011b\u0159ili na v\u00fdzkum B chromozom\u016f, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed u \u0159ady druh\u016f rostlin a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 jsou t\u00edm, \u017ee se do pohlavn\u00edch bun\u011bk nerozd\u011bluj\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u011b, jejich po\u010det v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch nen\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00fd a nejsou pro \u017eivot nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Divok\u00fd \u010dirok byl pro v\u00fdzkum B chromozom\u016f ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b u n\u011bj se tyto chromozomy v pr\u016fb\u011bhu embryon\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed a z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed zachov\u00e1ny pouze v kv\u011btenstv\u00ed. T\u0159\u00edlet\u00fd v\u00fdzkum \u010desk\u00fdch a n\u011bmeck\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f p\u0159inesl ne\u010dekan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n

\u201eZjistili jsme, \u017ee B chromozom v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdvoj pylu. P\u0159ekvapilo n\u00e1s, \u017ee tento pyl m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i standardn\u00ed j\u00e1dra, je \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd a rychleji kl\u00ed\u010d\u00ed. Je to skute\u010dn\u011b mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee zat\u00edm nev\u00edme o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 rostlin\u011b, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla vit\u00e1ln\u00ed pyl s v\u00edce j\u00e1dry,\u201c<\/em> \u0159ekla rostlinn\u00e1 geneti\u010dka Miroslava Karafi\u00e1tov\u00e1 z \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed botaniky AV \u010cR (\u00daEB AV \u010cR).<\/p>\n

Kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pyl navzdory klimatick\u00e9mu stresu<\/h6>\n

\u0160lechtitel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed z\u00edskat odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a v\u00fdnosn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed plodiny, by mohl nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objev z Olomouce v budoucnu pomoci. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy po\u010das\u00ed toti\u017e zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed rostlin\u00e1m \u0159adu stres\u016f. Kv\u016fli tomu pak neprodukuj\u00ed \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd pyl a jsou do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry steriln\u00ed. To se projev\u00ed men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem semen, a tedy ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdnosem. Nov\u00e9 poznatky by mohly pomoci vy\u0161lechtit odr\u016fdy, kter\u00e9 by si l\u00e9pe poradily se zm\u011bnou klimatu.<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci se p\u0159i studiu B chromozom\u016f u \u010diroku zam\u011b\u0159ili na dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b v\u011bci. Popsali, ve kter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech rostliny se B chromozom u \u010diroku nach\u00e1z\u00ed, a naopak, kde u\u017e nen\u00ed. D\u00e1le tak\u00e9 potvrdili, \u017ee proces tzv. nondisjunkce, tedy chybn\u00e9ho rozestupu chromozom\u016f, nast\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i prvn\u00edm pylov\u00e9m d\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci budou ve v\u00fdzkumu pokra\u010dovat. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b u pylu cht\u011bj\u00ed zjistit, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se spou\u0161t\u00ed nestandardn\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy pylu. Zat\u00edm p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee je tento proces \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd geny pr\u00e1v\u011b na B chromozomu.<\/p>\n

\u201eNeposedn\u00e9\u201c B chromozomy u kuku\u0159ice<\/h6>\n

V Olomouci se studiu B chromozom\u016f odborn\u00edci \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b v\u011bnuj\u00ed u\u017e mnoho let. P\u0159ed \u010dasem se jim nap\u0159\u00edklad poda\u0159ilo jako prvn\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst d\u011bdi\u010dnou informaci B chromozomu u kuku\u0159ice. \u201eTyto pozoruhodn\u00e9 chromozomy se ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed Mendelov\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony d\u011bdi\u010dnosti. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto n\u00e1s zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed. Poru\u0161uj\u00ed toti\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e1 pravidla, a tak m\u016f\u017eeme jejich studiem l\u00e9pe pochopit, pro\u010d se n\u011bkter\u00e9 procesy v rostlin\u00e1ch d\u011bj\u00ed. Tyto poznatky pak lze uplatnit i v obecn\u00e9 rovin\u011b,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btlil Jan Barto\u0161, vedouc\u00ed Centra strukturn\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u00ed genomiky rostlin \u00daEB AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Olomouck\u00e9 Centrum strukturn\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u00ed genomiky rostlin \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed botaniky AV \u010cR se zam\u011b\u0159uje na studium struktury a funkce d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace rostlin, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm obilovin, ban\u00e1novn\u00edku a trav. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody cytogenetiky, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologie a genomiky a \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch projekt\u016f c\u00edlen\u00fdch na \u010dten\u00ed d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch plodin a na izolaci d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch gen\u016f. Jde o celosv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch odr\u016fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

Dnes informujeme:<\/h6>\n

Skl\u00e1\u0159skou hu\u0165 a tak\u00e9 kovov\u00fdrobu ve Stach\u00e1ch na Prachaticku zni\u010dila bleskov\u00e1 povode\u0148<\/a><\/h4>\n

ODS trv\u00e1 na zaveden\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011bdi bez d\u016fvodu, zopakoval p\u0159ed jedn\u00e1n\u00edm vl\u00e1dy Skope\u010dek<\/a><\/h4>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd objev <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":318190,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/19\/z-ruky-cirok.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318189"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=318189"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318189\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":318191,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318189\/revisions\/318191"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/318190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=318189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=318189"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=318189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}