{"id":317483,"date":"2024-08-13T14:49:36","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T13:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=317483"},"modified":"2024-08-13T14:49:36","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T13:49:36","slug":"z-prvni-ruky-cesti-vedci-jako-prvni-videli-3d-strukturu-organickeho-materialu-starsiho-nez-zeme-vzorek-pochazi-z-asteroidu-ryugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=317483","title":{"rendered":"Z PRVN\u00cd RUKY: \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci jako prvn\u00ed vid\u011bli 3D strukturu organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu star\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e Zem\u011b. Vzorek poch\u00e1z\u00ed z asteroidu Ryugu"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 prvenstv\u00ed. Jako prvn\u00ed pozorovali 3D strukturu zakonzervovan\u00e9 organick\u00e9 hmoty z bl\u00edzkozemn\u00ed planetky Ryugu. Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 vzorky tam odebrala v roce 2019 japonsk\u00e1 sonda Hajabusa 2. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika je jednou z m\u00e1la zem\u00ed, kam je japonsk\u00e1 agentura JAXA v roce 2022 zaslala. D\u00edky tomu mohli \u010de\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci z pra\u017esk\u00e9ho \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie J. Heyrovsk\u00e9ho AV \u010cR na pracovi\u0161t\u00edch brn\u011bnsk\u00e9ho CEITECu a spole\u010dnosti TESCAN podrobn\u011b tyto vzorky prozkoumat a z\u00edskat d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poznatky o v\u00fdvoji 4,5 miliardy let zakonzervovan\u00e9 organick\u00e9 hmoty. Prvn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed shrnuje \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed vy\u0161el v presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise Nature Communications<\/a>.<\/h6>\n

Vzorky z asteroidu Ryugu jsou podobn\u00e9 typ\u016fm meteorit\u016f zvan\u00fdm CI chondrity, kter\u00e9 vznikly nahromad\u011bn\u00edm prachu mate\u0159sk\u00e9 mlhoviny pouh\u00fdch n\u011bkolik milion\u016f let po zrodu Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, ke kter\u00e9mu do\u0161lo p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 4,5 miliardy let. CI chondrity jsou nejprimitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm materi\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd byl ve Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b doposud nalezen. V\u00fdzkum t\u011bchto mimozemsk\u00fdch t\u011bles proto slou\u017e\u00ed k pochopen\u00ed chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed ran\u00e9 Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\n

Organick\u00fd materi\u00e1l z doby vzniku Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy<\/h6>\n

Japonsk\u00e1 agentura JAXA poskytla \u010desk\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016fm pod veden\u00edm Hiteshe Changely pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely zrno asteroidu Ryugu o velikosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,5 mm.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa v\u00fdzkumu vzork\u016f asteroidu Ryugu v na\u0161\u00ed laborato\u0159i je patrn\u00fd velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi daty, kter\u00e1 mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat. Sonda Hajabusa 2 p\u0159i obrovsk\u00fdch n\u00e1kladech dovezla 5 g vzorku jednoho z asteroid\u016f. Vzorky jsou tak vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, \u017ee byly odesl\u00e1ny jen n\u011bkolika laborato\u0159\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b t\u00e9 na\u0161\u00ed, a mohly b\u00fdt prozkoum\u00e1ny v\u00fdhradn\u011b pomoc\u00ed mikroskopick\u00fdch technik,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martin Ferus, vedouc\u00ed Odd\u011blen\u00ed spektroskopie v \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie J. Heyrovsk\u00e9ho Akademie v\u011bd.<\/p>\n

Radegast jen o m\u00e1lo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zrno p\u00edsku<\/h6>\n

Zrno pod ozna\u010den\u00edm A0083 bylo nedlouho po sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edletu pojmenov\u00e1no Radegast a je jen o n\u011bco m\u00e1lo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zrno hrub\u00e9ho p\u00edsku.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci podrobili vzorek zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed \u0159ady pokro\u010dil\u00fdch mikroskopick\u00fdch technik. Pomoc\u00ed techniky FIB-SEM (Focused Ion Beam \u2013 Scanning Electron Microscopy) byla v \u010d\u00e1sti vzorku o rozm\u011brech 60 \u00d7 65 \u00d7 20 \u03bcm, co\u017e je m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e tlou\u0161\u0165ka lidsk\u00e9ho vlasu, provedena tomografie.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i tomto procesu svazek iont\u016f Xe+ postupn\u011b \u201eod\u0159ez\u00e1val\u201c vrstvy materi\u00e1lu tenk\u00e9 pouze 25 nm. Ze s\u00e9rie tis\u00edc\u016f sn\u00edmk\u016f t\u011bchto \u201e\u0159ez\u016f\u201c po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch skenovac\u00edm elektronov\u00fdm mikroskopem (SEM) byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b sestaven tomogram, kter\u00fd poskytl informace o 3D rozlo\u017een\u00ed hmoty ve studovan\u00e9m vzorku. \u010cesk\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016fm se tak jako prvn\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b povedla zobrazit 3D struktura organick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pro identifikaci p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f byla vyu\u017eita spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdza rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed (EDS), kter\u00e9 vznikalo interakc\u00ed vzorku s vysokoenergetick\u00fdmi elektrony v SEM. Detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sn\u00edmky pak poskytla transmisn\u00ed elektronov\u00e1 mikroskopie (TEM). Detailn\u00ed sn\u00edmky ukazuj\u00ed v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd j\u00edlov\u00fd miner\u00e1l (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm serpentin a saponit), ve kter\u00e9m jsou zano\u0159ena zrna magnetitu (Fe3O4), sulfid\u016f \u017eeleza, fosfore\u010dnan\u016f a p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 uhl\u00edkat\u00e9 hmoty. Takov\u00e1to mineralogie je d\u016fkazem proces\u016f zv\u011btr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00edch miner\u00e1l\u016f (oliv\u00edn, pyroxeny) vodou, je\u017e prot\u00e9kala t\u011blesem v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\n

Povaha samotn\u00e9 organick\u00e9 hmoty byla zji\u0161t\u011bna pomoc\u00ed anal\u00fdzy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed synchrotronov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed (STXM-XANES), kterou provedli kolegov\u00e9 z Japonska. Kombinac\u00ed t\u011bchto v\u00fdsledk\u016f s vysoce rozli\u0161en\u00fdm TEM sn\u00edmkov\u00e1n\u00edm prok\u00e1zala p\u0159\u00edtomnost organick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic a difuzn\u00ed organick\u00e9 hmoty rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 ve v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch j\u00edlov\u00fdch miner\u00e1lech. Zat\u00edmco povaha organick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic je bohat\u00e1 na hydrofobn\u00ed aromatick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e1 difuzn\u00ed organick\u00e1 hmota zase na v\u00fdskyt pol\u00e1rn\u00edch karboxylov\u00fdch skupin.<\/p>\n

Z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed cenn\u00e9 informace k objasn\u011bn\u00ed povahy organick\u00e9 hmoty, kter\u00e1 mohla b\u00fdt v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy dopravena na povrch Zem\u011b a mohla b\u00fdt i d\u016fle\u017eitou surovinou pro vznik \u017eivota na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eProti tomu n\u00e1mi veden\u00fd spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum meteor\u016f ze Zem\u011b, ze stratosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho balonu nebo dru\u017eice v kosmu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed jen zlomek informac\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na o jejich prvkov\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, toto pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u010dinit pro obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u00falomk\u016f asteroid\u016f a komet, kter\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed dr\u00e1hu Zem\u011b, vstoup\u00ed do atmosf\u00e9ry, zp\u016fsob\u00ed meteor a zaniknou. Spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed a obrazov\u00fd z\u00e1znam je tak jedin\u00fd zdroj informac\u00ed o jejich slo\u017een\u00ed a p\u016fvodu. Na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je ale vyu\u017e\u00edt znalosti z v\u00fdzkumu Ryugu a vzork\u016f meteorit\u016f v na\u0161\u00ed laborato\u0159i, na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed meteor\u016f ze stratosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch balon\u016f a vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch dru\u017eic pro v\u00fdvoj p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 bude mo\u017en\u00e9 vyslat na palub\u011b levn\u00fdch CubeSat\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo k asteroid\u016fm a komet\u00e1m a kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesou d\u00edky pokro\u010dil\u00fdm technologi\u00edm dosud bezprecedentn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e1 a podrobn\u00e1 data srovnateln\u00e1 svou kvalitou s pozemsk\u00fdmi laborato\u0159emi,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Martin Ferus.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce<\/h6>\n

Pro studium vzorku Radegast bylo sestaveno mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konsorcium veden\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky z \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie J. Heyrovsk\u00e9ho AV \u010cR. Mimo tuto instituci zahrnovalo konsorcium rovn\u011b\u017e v\u011bdce ze St\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho institutu CEITEC, spole\u010dnosti TESCAN ORSAY HOLDING a.s. a Mendelovy univerzity. Ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed se na studii pod\u00edleli v\u011bdci z Univerzity v Leicestru (UK), N\u00e1rodn\u00ed technick\u00e9 univerzity v Ath\u00e9n\u00e1ch (\u0158ecko) a N\u00e1rodn\u00ed univerzity v Yokoham\u011b (Japonsko).<\/p>\n

Prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f asteroid\u016f Ryugu je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed hmoty a evoluce organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 se staly z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi ingrediencemi pro vznik \u017eivota na ran\u00e9 Zemi. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b t\u00fdm z \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie J. Heyrovsk\u00e9ho AV \u010cR pl\u00e1nuje misi p\u0159\u00edstroje pro spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzkum meteor\u016f ze stratosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho balonu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b evropsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 robotick\u00e9 laborato\u0159e Space Rider.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Dnes informujeme:<\/h6>\n

Nov\u00e9 funkce a des\u00edtky \u0161ablon. Informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m stavebn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro\u0161el aktualizac\u00ed<\/a><\/h4>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed inspekce uskute\u010dnila ve druh\u00e9m \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed 194 kontrol internetov\u00fdch obchod\u016f, poru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f zjistila p\u0159i 169 kontrol\u00e1ch<\/a><\/h4>\n
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\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":317484,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/13\/z-ruky-vedci.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/317483"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=317483"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/317483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":317505,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/317483\/revisions\/317505"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/317484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=317483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=317483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=317483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}