{"id":314079,"date":"2024-07-16T10:29:13","date_gmt":"2024-07-16T09:29:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=314079"},"modified":"2024-07-16T10:29:13","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T09:29:13","slug":"z-prvni-ruky-kontaminace-prostredi-tezkymi-kovy-ovlivnuje-barvu-ptacich-vajec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=314079","title":{"rendered":"Z PRVN\u00cd RUKY: Kontaminace prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi kovy ovliv\u0148uje barvu pta\u010d\u00edch vajec"},"content":{"rendered":"
Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f zkoumal ve Finsku vliv kontaminace prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi kovy na zbarven\u00ed sko\u0159\u00e1pek vajec u populace lejska \u010dernohlav\u00e9ho a mo\u017en\u00e9 dopady na chov\u00e1n\u00ed samc\u016f lejsk\u016f v d\u016fsledku t\u011bchto zm\u011bn. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee modr\u00e1 vejce lejsk\u016f m\u011bla v kontaminovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed vlivem struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn sko\u0159\u00e1pky m\u00e9n\u011b intenzivn\u00ed zbarven\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky studie poukazuj\u00ed na mo\u017en\u00e1 rizika zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy pt\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed vajec pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k signalizaci.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Zbarven\u00ed sko\u0159\u00e1pek vajec pt\u00e1k\u016f pln\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 funkce: od kamufl\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159es mimikry a\u017e po zes\u00edlen\u00ed sko\u0159\u00e1pky vajec. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi kovy, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt negativn\u00ed vliv na tvorbu spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed vajec, a t\u00edm i na populace pt\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e9 se v tomto prost\u0159ed\u00ed rozmno\u017euj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Modr\u00e1 je dobr\u00e1!<\/h6>\n

Mezi takov\u00e9 pt\u00e1ky pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd lejsek \u010dernohlav\u00fd (Ficedula hypoleuca), men\u0161\u00ed hmyzo\u017erav\u00fd p\u011bvec, kter\u00fd hn\u00edzd\u00ed v listnat\u00fdch a sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch les\u00edch, parc\u00edch a zahrad\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u201eSamice tohoto druhu klade v pr\u016fm\u011bru \u0161est modrozelen\u00fdch vajec do sv\u00e9ho hn\u00edzda um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9ho v dutin\u011b nebo budce. V\u011bdci se ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee t\u00edmto zbarven\u00edm, zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm pigmentem biliverdinem s antioxida\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky, mohou samice signalizovat svou kvalitu samc\u016fm,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Michal \u0160ulc z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR, kter\u00fd se pod\u00edlel na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu ve Finsku.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve pozorovali, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm jsou vejce u tohoto druhu mod\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce se samec zapojuje do krmen\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010de o ml\u00e1\u010fata. Zdrav\u00e1 samice si toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee dovolit investovat do zbarven\u00ed sv\u00fdch vajec v\u00edce energie ne\u017e ta, kter\u00e1 je nemocn\u00e1 nebo jinak oslaben\u00e1. \u201eKvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed samice s mod\u0159ej\u0161\u00edmi vejci m\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fata, do kter\u00fdch se samc\u016fm vyplat\u00ed v\u00edce investovat,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Michal \u0160ulc.<\/p>\n

\u201eC\u00edlem na\u0161\u00ed studie bylo ov\u011b\u0159it tuto hypot\u00e9zu v zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 oblasti Harjavalta na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b Finska, kde ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 let prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00fdzkum lejsk\u016f \u010dernohlav\u00fdch v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi kovy. V oblasti se toti\u017e t\u011b\u017e\u00ed nikl, m\u011b\u010f a arsen, rovn\u011b\u017e se zde nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed zinek a olovo jako d\u016fsledek t\u011b\u017eby. Tyto kovy jsou i po omezen\u00ed emis\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edtomny a negativn\u00ed dopady zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme dodnes pozorovat v okol\u00ed hut\u011b na vegetaci, mno\u017estv\u00ed hmyzu nebo t\u0159eba i na velikosti sn\u016f\u0161ky a po\u010dtu ml\u00e1\u010fat hn\u00edzd\u00edc\u00edch lejsk\u016f,\u201d<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lisandrina Mari, prvn\u00ed autorka studie, kter\u00e1 nyn\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed na Univerzit\u011b v Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 ve Finsku, kde z\u00edskala presti\u017en\u00ed dvoulet\u00fd grant Marie Curie.<\/p>\n

Samci se starali i o ml\u00e1\u010fata vyl\u00edhl\u00e1 z \u201evybledlej\u0161\u00edch\u201c vajec<\/h6>\n

V\u011bdci sledovali 71 budek lejsk\u016f b\u011bhem jejich hn\u00edzdn\u00ed sezony v roce 2023. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovina z nich se nach\u00e1zela ve zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed do 5 km od t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed hut\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eMechanism\u016f, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed odchylky ve zbarven\u00ed vajec, je v\u00edce. Ve zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00e9n\u011b potravy a samice pak nemaj\u00ed dostatek energie na tvorbu odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed pigment\u016f, kter\u00e9 zbarvuj\u00ed povrch sko\u0159\u00e1pky. Dal\u0161\u00edm mechanismem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt negativn\u00ed vliv zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na strukturu sko\u0159\u00e1pky. I ta by toti\u017e mohla ovliv\u0148ovat jej\u00ed barvu v UV \u010d\u00e1sti spektra, kterou jsou pt\u00e1ci na rozd\u00edl od lid\u00ed schopni vn\u00edmat,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Michal \u0160ulc.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm expert\u016f postupn\u011b vyfotografoval v\u0161echna vejce speci\u00e1ln\u00edm fotoapar\u00e1tem citliv\u00fdm nejen na viditeln\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, ale tak\u00e9 na UV \u010d\u00e1st spektra. N\u00e1sledn\u011b zbarven\u00ed vajec analyzovali pomoc\u00ed modelu, kter\u00fd simuluje pta\u010d\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed a schopnost rozpozn\u00e1vat barvy. \u201e\u010cty\u0159i dny po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed jsme u ka\u017ed\u00e9 budky nat\u00e1\u010deli chov\u00e1n\u00ed obou rodi\u010d\u016f a monitorovali po\u010det n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv hn\u00edzda,\u201d<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Lisandrina Mari. \u201eP\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali jsme, \u017ee samice lejsk\u016f hn\u00edzd\u00edc\u00ed ve zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed budou kl\u00e1st m\u00e9n\u011b modr\u00e1 vejce, a tud\u00ed\u017e budou jejich partne\u0159i vykazovat ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed aktivitu p\u0159i krmen\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat.\u201c<\/p>\n

To se u lejsk\u016f z oblasti Harjavalta tak \u00fapln\u011b nepotvrdilo<\/h6>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e v\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee intenzita modr\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed vajec je ve zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed opravdu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b intenzita krmen\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat samci se mezi kontroln\u00ed a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bnou oblast\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b neli\u0161ila. Samci vlastn\u011b v\u016fbec nereagovali na modr\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed vajec,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lisandrina Mari.<\/p>\n

Detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdza zbarven\u00ed vajec odhalila, \u017ee za jejich ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed modrost m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 UV zbarven\u00ed, co\u017e podle v\u011bdc\u016f o nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jejich \u201avybledlost\u2018 je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 poruchou v\u00e1penat\u00e9 struktury, jako je nap\u0159. zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 p\u00f3rovitost.<\/p>\n

\u201eV na\u0161\u00ed studii jsme ani nezjistili, \u017ee by samice lejsk\u016f v kontaminovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed byly v hor\u0161\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 kondici. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 UV zbarven\u00ed vajec ve zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed nazna\u010duje v\u00fdraznou zm\u011bnu struktury sko\u0159\u00e1pky v d\u016fsledku kontaminace prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi kovy. Jak\u00e9 dopady m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tento typ lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti na r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy pt\u00e1k\u016f, pro kter\u00e9 je zbarven\u00ed vajec z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, bude p\u0159edm\u011btem dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Michal \u0160ulc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky byly publikov\u00e1ny v \u010dasopise Journal of Avian Biology: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jav.03283<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":314080,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/16\/ram-kontaminace.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/314079"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=314079"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/314079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":314081,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/314079\/revisions\/314081"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/314080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=314079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=314079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=314079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}