{"id":313064,"date":"2024-07-03T14:08:18","date_gmt":"2024-07-03T13:08:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=313064"},"modified":"2024-07-04T07:35:16","modified_gmt":"2024-07-04T06:35:16","slug":"ceska-republika-amatersky-mykolog-nasel-na-palave-vzacnou-houbu-ktera-dosud-rostla-jen-v-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=313064","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Amat\u00e9rsk\u00fd mykolog na\u0161el na P\u00e1lav\u011b vz\u00e1cnou houbu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed podzemn\u00ed houbu objevil amat\u00e9rsk\u00fd mykolog na Milovick\u00e9 str\u00e1ni v CHKO P\u00e1lava. Ve spolupr\u00e1ci s v\u011bdci z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR ji identifikoval jako sesli\u010dku podu\u0161kovitou. Ta je p\u0159itom zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pouze z horsk\u00fdch les\u016f na z\u00e1pad\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a pat\u0159\u00ed mezi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 druhy. V Evrop\u011b se na\u0161la v\u016fbec poprv\u00e9.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Sesli\u010dka je velk\u00e1 houba s podzemn\u00edmi \u010di \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b podzemn\u00edmi plodnicemi, kter\u00e9 m\u00edvaj\u00ed a\u017e 6 cm. Je tedy pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00e1padn\u00e1, ale konkr\u00e9tn\u011b druh Sedecula pulvinata se mimo Severn\u00ed Ameriku dosud neobjevil.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto se nevyskytuje v\u00fdhradn\u011b v jedin\u00e9 oblasti. Houbu na\u0161el v \u010cesku amat\u00e9rsk\u00fd mykolog Slavom\u00edr Valda a hned bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee nen\u00ed podobn\u00e1 ni\u010demu, co z na\u0161ich kon\u010din zn\u00e1me. N\u00e1sledn\u00fdm studiem pomoc\u00ed molekul\u00e1rn\u011b genetick\u00fdch metod se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee je to druh Sedecula pulvinata (v\u011bdci navrhuj\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd p\u0159eklad sesli\u010dka podu\u0161kovit\u00e1).<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u00e1lez v tepl\u00e9 oblasti st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy je velmi ne\u010dekan\u00fd a ukazuje, \u017ee tento druh nen\u00ed jen endemit horsk\u00fdch jehli\u010dnat\u00fdch les\u016f z\u00e1padu USA a m\u00e1 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 n\u00e1roky,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Miroslav Kola\u0159\u00edk z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR (MB\u00da AV \u010cR), kter\u00fd s amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdmi mykology spolupracuje. \u201eJde tak o nov\u00fd druh nejen na\u0161\u00ed, ale i evropsk\u00e9 mykofl\u00f3ry. Nov\u00e9 druhy hub se popisuj\u00ed, i z na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed, pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto, nicm\u00e9n\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy jde o druhy mikroskopick\u00fdch hub,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bdec.<\/p>\n

Sv\u011btov\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze<\/h6>\n

Ke studiu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed byla pou\u017eita tak\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze Globalfungi.com, kterou vytvo\u0159ili v\u011bdci z MB\u00da AV \u010cR. Zat\u00edmco dosavadn\u00ed znalosti o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hub jsou zalo\u017een\u00e9 na sb\u011bru plodnic \u010di kultivaci, tato datab\u00e1ze obsahuje informace z\u00edskan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo z p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch vzork\u016f pomoc\u00ed sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 houbov\u00e9 DNA (genetick\u00e9 informace), tedy bez nutnosti danou houbu p\u0159\u00edmo \u201evid\u011bt\u201c. Umo\u017enuje tak z\u00edskat daleko v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dat a zejm\u00e9na studium hub, kter\u00e9 jen vz\u00e1cn\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed plodnice nebo je nejde kultivovat v laborato\u0159i. Vytvo\u0159en\u00edm t\u00e9to datab\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1 ve sv\u011bt\u011b nem\u00e1 obdoby, se \u010de\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci dostali na sv\u011btovou \u0161pi\u010dku ve studiu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed (biogeografie) hub. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sesli\u010dky se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee tato houba nen\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1na jen na horsk\u00e9 jehli\u010dnat\u00e9 lesy z\u00e1padu USA, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9 ji naj\u00edt i v listnat\u00fdch les\u00edch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f \u010di Kanady.<\/p>\n

\u0160pi\u010dkov\u00ed amat\u00e9\u0159i pom\u00e1haj\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016fm<\/h6>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 mykologie m\u00e1 velk\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed v mno\u017estv\u00ed amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdch mykolog\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed s velk\u00fdm nasazen\u00edm houby sb\u00edraj\u00ed a studuj\u00ed. Amat\u00e9rsk\u00e1 neboli ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u011bda je hn\u00e1na z\u00e1jmem a l\u00e1skou k dan\u00e9mu oboru (viz latinsk\u00e9 amare \u2013 milovat).<\/p>\n

\u201eNespr\u00e1vn\u011b je slovo amat\u00e9r spojov\u00e1no s men\u0161\u00ed znalost\u00ed tematiky. \u0158ada amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdch mykolog\u016f jsou vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed znalci hub. Pouze omezen\u00e9 laboratorn\u00ed, \u010dasov\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti \u010dasto nedovoluj\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fdch v\u00fdstup\u016f,\u201c<\/em> zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Miroslav Kola\u0159\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi kroky k profesionalit\u011b je zejm\u00e9na studium DNA, ulo\u017een\u00ed sb\u011br\u016f a dat do uzn\u00e1van\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f a datab\u00e1z\u00ed a publikace v respektovan\u00fdch, anglicky psan\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u010dasopisech.<\/p>\n

\u201eV r\u00e1mci programu Strategie AV21 Mycolife nab\u00edz\u00edme amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdm mykolog\u016fm pomoc p\u0159i studiu jejich zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z v\u00fdstup\u016f je ned\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1lez unik\u00e1tn\u00ed houby na P\u00e1lav\u011b,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u011bdec.<\/p>\n

Skryt\u00fd sv\u011bt podzemn\u00edch hub<\/h6>\n

Velk\u00e9 houby, tj. makromycety si spojujeme zejm\u00e9na s houbami kloboukat\u00fdmi. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u0159ada druh\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed podzemn\u00ed plodnice, kter\u00e9 rostou hned pod povrchem p\u016fdy nebo jsou v n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zano\u0159en\u00e9. Mezi tyto podzemky pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad zn\u00e1m\u00e9 lan\u00fd\u017ee \u010di jelenky. V ter\u00e9nu je lze naj\u00edt c\u00edlen\u00fdm sb\u011brem, kdy se pomoc\u00ed moty\u010dky odkr\u00fdv\u00e1 svrchn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st zeminy. Nejl\u00e9pe je se zam\u011b\u0159it na m\u00edsta rozryt\u00e1 zv\u011b\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tyto houby c\u00edt\u00ed a r\u00e1da konzumuje.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echny podzemky tvo\u0159\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00e9 ov\u00e1ln\u00e9 plodnice a pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jejich v\u00fdtrus\u016f je zv\u011b\u0159 nezbytn\u00e1. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 tak\u00e9 je, \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 skupiny podzemek jsou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 a poka\u017ed\u00e9 vznikly z r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f nadzemn\u00edch hub, \u010dasto velmi rychlou evolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bnou. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice m\u016f\u017eeme nap\u0159\u00edklad naj\u00edt podzemn\u00ed holubinky \u010di ryzce, jejich\u017e plodnice nejsou nadzemn\u00edm druh\u016fm podobn\u00e9, ale mikroskopicky st\u00e1le nesou jejich typick\u00e9 znaky. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sesli\u010dky tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1me jej\u00edho nadzemn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho: rod popra\u0161ka (Coniophora), kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed rozlit\u00e9 plodnice na mrtv\u00e9m d\u0159ev\u011b.<\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Odkaz na \u010dl\u00e1nek: http:\/\/www.czechmycology.org\/_cmo\/CM76103.pdf<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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  Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":313068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/03\/vzacna-houba-4.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313064"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=313064"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":313124,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313064\/revisions\/313124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/313068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=313064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=313064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=313064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}