{"id":311754,"date":"2024-06-20T17:28:49","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T16:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=311754"},"modified":"2024-06-20T17:28:49","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T16:28:49","slug":"dtest-zastavi-rekordni-pokuty-letecke-spolecnosti-v-nepovolenych-praktikach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=311754","title":{"rendered":"dTest: Zastav\u00ed rekordn\u00ed pokuty (leteck\u00e9) spole\u010dnosti v nepovolen\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady vym\u011b\u0159ily \u010dtve\u0159ici leteck\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, jmenovit\u011b Ryanair, Easyjet, Vueling a Volotea, pokutu ve v\u00fd\u0161i 150 milion\u016f eur (3,7 miliardy korun) za nepovolen\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed praktiky, jich\u017e se dopou\u0161t\u011bly. O pokut\u00e1ch ud\u011blen\u00fdch Ministerstvem pro pr\u00e1va spot\u0159ebitel\u016f informovala \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 rozhlasov\u00e1 stanice SER. Jedn\u00e1 se tak o nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pokutu, kterou kdy \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady leteck\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem ud\u011blily.<\/h4>\n

Sankce, nebo jen dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klad?<\/h6>\n

\"\"\u010cty\u0159i n\u00edzkon\u00e1kladov\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti dostaly pokutu hned za n\u011bkolik nepovolen\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch praktik. Aerolinky byly pokutov\u00e1ny za \u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed poplatku za p\u0159\u00edru\u010dn\u00ed zavazadlo na palub\u011b, d\u00e1le za poplatek za v\u00fdb\u011br m\u00edsta pro osobu z\u00e1vislou na jin\u00e9m cestuj\u00edc\u00edm (zpravidla d\u00edt\u011b), za nedostate\u010dnou transparentnost obchodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek \u010di za poplatek za tisk palubn\u00ed letenky. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pokutu dostala leteck\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Ryanair, kter\u00e1 jako prvn\u00ed za\u010dala v listopadu 2018 \u00fa\u010dtovat poplatky za p\u0159epravu p\u0159\u00edru\u010dn\u00edch zavazadel. A\u010dkoliv se jedn\u00e1 o pokutu v rekordn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161i, dle stanice SER se jedn\u00e1 pouze o zlomek zisku leteck\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Firm\u00e1m se tak vypl\u00e1c\u00ed odvolat se proti rozhodnut\u00ed \u00fa\u0159adu a dan\u00e9 protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed poplatky nad\u00e1le spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm \u00fa\u010dtovat, jeliko\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b podobn\u00e9 \u201enadstandardn\u00ed\u201d poplatky jsou nemalou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jejich zisku.<\/p>\n

Nejedn\u00e1 se p\u0159itom o jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy podnikatel\u00e9 zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9ho siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho postaven\u00ed v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch se spot\u0159ebiteli. \u201ePodnikatel\u00e9 \u010dasto t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z toho, \u017ee spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di nim nevym\u00e1haj\u00ed sv\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na n\u00edzk\u00e9 a\u017e bagateln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1, \u0159editelka spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace dTest. Pr\u00e1v\u011b pro takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se jednotlivc\u016fm nemus\u00ed vyplatit vym\u00e1hat n\u00e1roky soudn\u011b proti v\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu soupe\u0159i, vznikl koncept hromadn\u00fdch \u017ealob. Tento n\u00e1stroj umo\u017e\u0148uje sdru\u017eit v\u00edce obdobn\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f spot\u0159ebitel\u016f a \u017ealovat je najednou. C\u00edlem je efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a skute\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1prava \u0161kod nap\u00e1chan\u00fdch nepoctiv\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm podnikatele. Do \u010desk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du se v\u0161ak hromadn\u00e9 \u017ealoby dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm za vysp\u011bl\u00fdm sv\u011btem, a to pouze v d\u016fsledku evropsk\u00e9 legislativy. I v\u016f\u010di n\u00ed je v\u0161ak \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v prodlen\u00ed, nebo\u0165 sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9 unie o z\u00e1stupn\u00fdch \u017ealob\u00e1ch na ochranu kolektivn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f spot\u0159ebitel\u016f m\u011bla b\u00fdt implementov\u00e1na ji\u017e v prosinci 2022.<\/p>\n

Dobr\u00fd koncept, \u0161patn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed<\/h6>\n

Prezident na za\u010d\u00e1tku m\u011bs\u00edce podepsal Poslaneckou sn\u011bmovnou schv\u00e1len\u00fd n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o hromadn\u00e9m ob\u010dansk\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed soudn\u00edm. Zavr\u0161en\u00edm legislativn\u00edho procesu vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm ve sb\u00edrce z\u00e1kon\u016f tak \u010cesk\u00e1 republika spln\u00ed svou povinnost implementace uveden\u00e9 sm\u011brnice. \u201eZp\u016fsob implementace hromadn\u00fdch \u017ealob, kter\u00fd z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce zvolil, pova\u017eujeme p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm za ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Dle zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona se hromadn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou \u00fa\u010dastnit jen ti spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se sami aktivn\u011b a za stanoven\u00fdch podm\u00ednek p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed, nikoliv automaticky v\u0161ichni po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed problematick\u00fdm aspektem je tak\u00e9 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee k pod\u00e1n\u00ed hromadn\u00e9 \u017ealoby a zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f spot\u0159ebitel\u016f budou opr\u00e1vn\u011bny pouze neziskov\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak mohou n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 hromadn\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed financovat z vlastn\u00edch rozpo\u010dt\u016f jen obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b. \u201eOd spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed se v podstat\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dinnost ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v ochran\u011b spot\u0159ebitel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nemohou efektivn\u011b domoci sami. Tato \u010dinnost ale vy\u017eaduje odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, s nimi\u017e schv\u00e1len\u00fd z\u00e1kon nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje \u0159editelka dTestu a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eP\u0159\u00edprava hromadn\u00e9 \u017ealoby, komunikace s velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm spot\u0159ebitel\u016f, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed expertn\u00edch posudk\u016f a anal\u00fdz, povinn\u00e9 zastoupen\u00ed advok\u00e1tem \u010di upozorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech potenci\u00e1ln\u011b dot\u010den\u00fdch spot\u0159ebitel\u016f vhodnou kampan\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 jsou zpravidla nad finan\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace jsou p\u0159itom pln\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 i za riziko ne\u00fasp\u011bchu v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prohraj\u00ed, budou muset \u017ealovan\u00e9mu zaplatit p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1hradu n\u00e1klad\u016f \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Pouh\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada n\u00e1klad\u016f \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout \u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e1 je pro spot\u0159ebitelskou organizaci likvida\u010dn\u00ed. V\u00fdsledkem nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt stav, kdy se spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nad\u00e1le nedomohou. \u201eNyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podoba institutu hromadn\u00fdch \u017ealob je z na\u0161eho pohledu v praxi t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevyu\u017eiteln\u00e1 a nelze po\u010d\u00edtat s t\u00edm, \u017ee by pomohla spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm vym\u00e1hat jejich pr\u00e1va,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1 z dTestu.<\/p>\n

dTest<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":311755,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20\/ram-dtest.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311754"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=311754"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311756,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311754\/revisions\/311756"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/311755"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=311754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=311754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=311754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}