{"id":308858,"date":"2024-05-31T22:37:12","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T21:37:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=308858"},"modified":"2024-05-31T22:43:19","modified_gmt":"2024-05-31T21:43:19","slug":"sumava-tricet-let-po-kurovcove-kalamite-v-modravskych-slatich-les-je-zpet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=308858","title":{"rendered":"\u0160UMAVA: Les je zp\u011bt. T\u0159icet let po k\u016frovcov\u00e9 kalamit\u011b v Modravsk\u00fdch slat\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Blatn\u00fd vrch v roce 2024<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Byla to jedna ze zlomov\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sm\u011brovaly v\u00fdvoj divok\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody na \u0160umav\u011b. Od prvn\u00edho velkoplo\u0161n\u00e9ho rozpadu lesa v historii \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00fd vlivem siln\u00e9 gradaci l\u00fdko\u017erouta smrkov\u00e9ho, zvan\u00e9ho k\u016frovec, prob\u00edhal v oblasti Modravsk\u00fdch slat\u00ed, tedy od vrchol\u016f Mokr\u016fvek, p\u0159es \u0160pi\u010dn\u00edk, Blatn\u00fd vrh a\u017e do Podroklan\u00ed, uplynulo u\u017e t\u0159icet let. Tehdy to laick\u00e1 i odborn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost vn\u00edmala jako trag\u00e9dii, ze kter\u00e9 se lesy na \u0160umav\u011b nevzpamatuj\u00ed. Ov\u0161em sta\u010dilo d\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b jen trochu \u010dasu, aby n\u00e1m sama \u0159ekla, \u017ee tomu tak nen\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Tehdej\u0161\u00ed veden\u00ed Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava a Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed se musela rozhodnout, zda ve st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervaci Modravsk\u00e9 slat\u011b, kter\u00e1 byla rovn\u011b\u017e \u010derstv\u011b 1. z\u00f3nou n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku, proti \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00edmu se k\u016frovci postupovat standardn\u00edmi lesnick\u00fdmi postupy \u2013 tedy k\u00e1cet napadan\u00e9 smrky, nebo aplikovat model ze sousedn\u00edho N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Bavorsk\u00fd les a p\u0159\u00edrodu nechat p\u0159\u00edrodou.<\/p>\n

\u201eV roce 1994 jsme n\u011bkter\u00e9 lesn\u00ed lokality podrobn\u011bji popsali. Nejen z hlediska m\u00edry napaden\u00ed k\u016frovcem a mno\u017estv\u00ed vzrostl\u00fdch strom\u016f, ale i z hlediska schopnosti lesa obnovit se z vlastn\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 obnovy,\u201c<\/em> popisuje \u0159editel Pavel Huben\u00fd, kter\u00fd tehdy vedl \u00fatvar ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody na Spr\u00e1v\u011b N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku a CHKO \u0160umava. \u201eV t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nebyla k dispozici \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed data o struktu\u0159e t\u011bchto les\u016f, nebo\u0165 do roku 1990 le\u017eely hluboko v nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9m hrani\u010dn\u00edm p\u00e1smu.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdej\u0161\u00ed les tvo\u0159en\u00fd v\u00fdhradn\u011b smrky m\u011bl v dob\u011b vzniku n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku jen asi 15% sou\u0161\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou men\u0161\u00edch dimenz\u00ed vznikl\u00fdch konkuren\u010dn\u00edm tlakem sousedn\u00edch v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch smrk\u016f. V roce 1994 sem u\u017e dos\u00e1hly prvn\u00ed \u00fatoky k\u016frovce a vytvo\u0159ily kola sou\u0161\u00ed. Tehdy pod\u00edl mrtv\u00fdch strom\u016f stoupl na 30%. K nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed gradaci do\u0161lo v roce 1996, tak\u017ee v roce 1998 u\u017e pod\u00edl sou\u0161\u00ed dos\u00e1hl 60%. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 40% smrk\u016f byly stromky z podrostu, kter\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dily v\u00fd\u0161ku 1,3 m, a velmi rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 stromy, jejich\u017e pod\u00edl ale dosahoval sotva 1%.<\/p>\n

V roce 1994 p\u0159ijel na pozv\u00e1n\u00ed Milo\u0161e Picka, \u0161\u00e9fa Region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozvojov\u00e9 agentury a b\u00fdval\u00e9ho porevolu\u010dn\u00edho starosty Kvildy, expert na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parky z USA Boyd Evison. Ten v t\u00e9 dob\u011b do sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy mimo jin\u00e9 napsal, \u017ee t\u011b\u017eba k\u016frovcem napaden\u00fdch strom\u016f nen\u00ed cestou, kter\u00e1 by posilovala postaven\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku. Proto bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed Modravsk\u00fdch slat\u00ed bude les ponech\u00e1n bez t\u011b\u017eby. Pouze v les\u00edch, kter\u00e9 nevykazovaly \u017e\u00e1dnou p\u0159irozenou obnovu, bylo rozhodnuto podsadit maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 1100 nov\u00fdch stromk\u016f na hektar, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b smrk\u016f. M\u016f\u017eeme tak dnes posoudit, jak\u00e9 tato rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159inesla v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n

\u201eLes uk\u00e1zal \u00fa\u017easnou schopnost regenerace,\u201c<\/em> potvrzuje Pavel Huben\u00fd. \u201eV sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zde evidujeme p\u0159es 3 500 odr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edch smrk\u016f na jednom hektaru. To dokazuje, \u017ee tehdy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neviditeln\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e1 obnova byla nakonec po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e um\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou zpr\u00e1vou je to, \u017ee dnes i v nejv\u00edce mezernat\u00fdch porostech v oblasti Mokr\u016fvky nebo Blatn\u00e9ho vrchu roste m\u00edrn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010detnost smrk\u016f, ne\u017e kolik tam st\u00e1lo vzrostl\u00fdch smrk\u016f p\u0159ed gradac\u00ed k\u016frovce.<\/p>\n

Smrky rovn\u011b\u017e ne\u010dekan\u011b rychle rostou. Dnes zde najdeme nej\u010dast\u011bji smrky vysok\u00e9 t\u0159i a\u017e deset metr\u016f, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich se doslova utrhly okoln\u00edmu pelotonu a jejich v\u00fd\u0161ka p\u0159ekra\u010duje patn\u00e1ct metr\u016f a tlou\u0161\u0165ka kmene dosahuje a\u017e \u010dty\u0159iceti centimetr\u016f. Dorostly tak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dimenz\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny smrk\u016f, kter\u00e9 odum\u0159ely p\u0159i k\u016frovcov\u00e9 gradaci p\u0159ed t\u0159iceti lety.<\/p>\n

Les si v\u0161ak st\u00e1le ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoho voln\u00e9ho prostoru pro r\u016fst dal\u0161\u00edch strom\u016f. V mezer\u00e1ch mezi odr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edmi smrky jsou otev\u0159en\u00e1 m\u00edsta z dnes ji\u017e rozetlel\u00fdmi torzy popadan\u00fdch sou\u0161\u00ed, a na nich i dnes lze naj\u00edt mlad\u00e9 semen\u00e1\u010dky nov\u011b kl\u00ed\u010d\u00edc\u00edch smrk\u016f. \u201eNen\u00ed se co divit,\u201c<\/em> up\u0159es\u0148uje Pavel Huben\u00fd, \u201ev\u017edy\u0165 letos v\u011bt\u0161ina nov\u011b odr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed smrkov\u00e9 generace op\u011bt kvete a bude plodit.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Po t\u0159iceti letech od ponech\u00e1n\u00ed siln\u00e9 k\u016frovcov\u00e9 gradaci bez t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch z\u00e1sah\u016f se ukazuje, \u017ee to bylo pro les n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed. Obavy, \u017ee zde u\u017e nikdy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd les nevyroste, \u017ee tu bude pou\u0161\u0165, se nenaplnily. Nenaplnila se ani obava z velk\u00e9ho po\u017e\u00e1ru. \u0160umava je tady tak st\u00e1le zelen\u00e1, vlhk\u00e1 a lesnat\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tz-np\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Oblast Modravsk\u00fdch slat\u00ed v roce 2000<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Oblast Modravsk\u00fdch slat\u00ed v roce 2000<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Oblast Modravsk\u00fdch slat\u00ed v roce 2000<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Blatn\u00fd vrch v roce 2024<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Byla <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":308862,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/28\/Blatny-vrch-v-roce-2024-Foto-Pavel-Hubeny.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308858"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=308858"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":309446,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308858\/revisions\/309446"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/308862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=308858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=308858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=308858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}