{"id":307098,"date":"2025-05-11T16:25:56","date_gmt":"2025-05-11T15:25:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=307098"},"modified":"2025-05-11T16:25:56","modified_gmt":"2025-05-11T15:25:56","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-ledovi-muzi-mytus-nebo-realita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=307098","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei, m\u00fdtus nebo realita?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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KAREL \u010cAPEK: O ledov\u00fdch mu\u017e\u00edch<\/h6>\n

Tentokr\u00e1t se zas jednou skoro nachlup p\u0159esn\u011b uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee \u201cPankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c, Bonif\u00e1c a \u017dofie jsou \u010dty\u0159i zmrzl\u00edci\u201d. Na v\u011bci nic nem\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee se k notorick\u00fdm zmrzl\u00edk\u016fm tentokr\u00e1t p\u0159ipojil tak\u00e9 \u0158eho\u0159 Nazi\u00e1nsk\u00fd, Gordi\u00e1n a Mamert; lidov\u00e1 pranostika tohoto roku m\u011bla pravdu, i kdy\u017e \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 vlastiv\u011bda pon\u011bkud skepticky podot\u00fdk\u00e1, \u017ee kv\u011btnov\u00e1 situace ochlazen\u00ed \u201cnen\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00e1z\u00e1na na data \u010dty\u0159 zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch sv\u011btc\u016f\u201d. Zato pr\u00fd “jest n\u011bjak\u00e1 souvislost s plovouc\u00edmi ledy od pol\u00e1rn\u00edho mo\u0159e\u201d. P\u0159esto jmenovan\u00fd pramen uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee “nep\u0159edpojat\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159enesen\u00e9 z jedn\u00e9 generace na druhou m\u016f\u017ee skr\u00fdvati mnoh\u00e9 zdrav\u00e9 a cenn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro\u201d. Toto m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed o lidov\u00fdch pranostik\u00e1ch pln\u011b potvrzuji; nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u017e po mnoho let shled\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee “na Nov\u00fd rok o slepi\u010d\u00ed krok\u201d a \u017ee “na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le o hodinu d\u00e1le\u201d. Vrac\u00ed-li se takto po\u010das\u00ed k star\u00fdm pranostik\u00e1m, je v tom vid\u011bt konsolidaci pom\u011br\u016f a n\u00e1vrat k dom\u00e1c\u00edm tradic\u00edm. Snad se z toho d\u016fvodu osv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed pranostika: “Studen\u00fd m\u00e1j, v stodole r\u00e1j.\u201d Co\u017e v modern\u00ed \u0159e\u010di znamen\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed agr\u00e1rn\u00ed krizi a stoupnut\u00ed maloobchodn\u00edch cen.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ned\u011bln\u00ed fejetony Karla \u010capka Lidov\u00e9 noviny 17. 5. 1935<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed sice nastupuje posledn\u00ed roky v dubnu a letos to bylo je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edv. Od t\u00e9 doby u\u017e ale mrzlo a mrznout je\u0161t\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1 bude. Star\u00e1 pranostika poch\u00e1z\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b z doby p\u0159ed reformou kalend\u00e1\u0159e v roce 1582, kter\u00e1 s sebou p\u0159inesla i zru\u0161en\u00ed deseti kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edch dn\u016f. Proto\u017ee si v\u0161ak pam\u011btn\u00ed dny v kalend\u00e1\u0159i ponechaly sv\u00e9 star\u00e9 m\u00edsto, musel by se tento meteorologick\u00fd \u00fakaz podle na\u0161eho dne\u0161n\u00edho kalend\u00e1\u0159e spr\u00e1vn\u011b tak\u00e9 posunout \u2013 mraziv\u00e9 dny bychom tak ve skute\u010dnosti m\u011bli o\u010dek\u00e1vat a\u017e mezi 21. a 25. kv\u011btnem.<\/h6>\n

Ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei pr\u00fd spaluj\u00ed mrazem ovoce i r\u016f\u017ei. T\u0159i mu\u017esk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 jsou pro n\u00e1s symbolem pro chladn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, nosili ve st\u0159edov\u011bku v\u00fdznamn\u00ed sv\u011btci. A\u017e pozd\u011bji si se dny, na kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipadal jejich sv\u00e1tek, za\u010daly na\u0161e babi\u010dky spojovat lidov\u00e9 pranostiky.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se neslav\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 t\u0159i nejprokl\u00ednan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed svat\u00ed, to jsou Pankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c a Bonif\u00e1c. Svorn\u011b je nen\u00e1vid\u00ed zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159i i zem\u011bd\u011blci a o moc l\u00e9pe na tom nen\u00ed ani \u017dofie, kter\u00e1 za t\u0159emi zmrzl\u00fdmi mu\u017ei kr\u00e1\u010d\u00ed v t\u011bsn\u00e9m z\u00e1v\u011bsu.<\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee a\u010d by na m\u00edst\u011b Pankr\u00e1ce, Serv\u00e1ce i Bonif\u00e1ce byli jin\u00ed svat\u00ed, odnesli by to stejn\u011b. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed pranostiky, kter\u00e9 komentuj\u00ed kv\u011btnov\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed a riziko studen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fronty poch\u00e1zej\u00ed u\u017e ze 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed, o stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji se s nimi d\u00edky obl\u00edben\u00fdm kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016fm sezn\u00e1mili prakticky v\u0161ichni. Rozhodn\u011b p\u0159itom ne\u0161lo o pov\u011bry \u2013 mezi 12. a\u017e 15. kv\u011btnem zkr\u00e1tka do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy obvykle p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed citeln\u00e9 ochlazen\u00ed a no\u010dn\u00ed teploty se ob\u010das dostanou pod bod mrazu. Zahradn\u00edci i vina\u0159i s nimi po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed a v\u00ed tak\u00e9, \u017ee pro tyto dny jsou typick\u00e9 tak\u00e9 vydatn\u00e9 a studen\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b. Za n\u011b pro zm\u011bnu nese odpov\u011bdnost svat\u00e1 \u017dofie alias uplakan\u00e1 \u017dofka. Pranostiky o jej\u00edm sv\u00e1tku \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad to, \u017ee svat\u00e1 \u017dofie va\u0159\u00ed z vody, \u017dofie v\u00edna upije, \u017ee \u017dofie pol\u00ed\u010dka \u010dasto zalije anebo d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 svat\u00e9 \u017dofie \u0161vestky ubije.<\/p>\n

V\u0161ichni t\u0159i nositel\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fdch, ale u n\u00e1s z\u0159\u00eddka u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch jmen byli svat\u00ed mu\u017ei. Pankr\u00e1c byl popraven za c\u00edsa\u0159e Diokleci\u00e1na jako 14let\u00fd. M\u011bl ur\u010dit\u00fd majetek, kter\u00fdm podporoval chud\u00e9 a pron\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165any. Je to hrdina prvn\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch stolet\u00ed. Serv\u00e1c zem\u0159el jako biskup, ale tak\u00e9 jako mu\u010dedn\u00edk. V roce 384 byl v Holandsku popraven nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi hordami. Je poh\u0159ben v katedr\u00e1le v Maastrichtu. Posledn\u00ed z trojice, Bonif\u00e1c, nezem\u0159el mu\u010dednickou smrt\u00ed. Byl to pape\u017e, kter\u00fd ve Vatik\u00e1nu vl\u00e1dl v roce 608 a\u017e 615. Svat\u00fdm se stal, proto\u017ee byl dobr\u00fdm past\u00fd\u0159em v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

T\u0159i ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 ledovou spole\u010dnici – je j\u00ed sv\u011btice \u017dofie. Stala se k\u0159es\u0165ankou a za vl\u00e1dy c\u00edsa\u0159e Diokleci\u00e1na, kdy vrcholilo pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f, byla pro svou v\u00edru patrn\u011b roku 305 s\u0165ata. Pokud jste je\u0161t\u011b nedali kv\u011btiny ven, ud\u011blali jste dob\u0159e. Teprve te\u010f by nebezpe\u010d\u00ed mraz\u016f m\u011blo b\u00fdt za n\u00e1mi.<\/p>\n

A tak a\u017e si letos zase budeme cht\u00edt st\u011b\u017eovat, \u017ee je kv\u011bten p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 chladn\u00fd, hork\u00fd, de\u0161tiv\u00fd nebo such\u00fd, m\u016f\u017eeme si p\u0159ipomenout jak moudrost na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f v pranostik\u00e1ch, tak optimismus, kter\u00fd v n\u00e1s jaro \u2014 nehled\u011b na po\u010das\u00ed \u2014 poka\u017ed\u00e9 probouz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c i Bonif\u00e1c tak sice v kalend\u00e1\u0159i z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 jen jako tradice d\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u010das\u016f, ale i dnes maj\u00ed tyto dny sv\u00e9 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed. I ve 21. stolet\u00ed jsou duben a kv\u011bten toti\u017e \u010dasto spojeny s teplotn\u00edmi v\u00fdkyvy i do mraziv\u00fdch teplot. Lidov\u00e9 pranostiky je ale t\u0159eba br\u00e1t s rezervou.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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  KAREL <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":345335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/10\/ram-ledovi-muzi.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307098"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=307098"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307098\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":345334,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307098\/revisions\/345334"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/345335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=307098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=307098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=307098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}