{"id":306060,"date":"2025-05-01T13:16:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T12:16:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=306060"},"modified":"2025-05-01T13:18:47","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T12:18:47","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-kvetnove-rozjimani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=306060","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Kv\u011btnov\u00e9 rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Kv\u011bten \/ Anton\u00edn Sova<\/strong>
\nZem v b\u00edl\u00e9m krajkov\u00ed von\u00edc\u00edch kv\u011bt\u016f cel\u00e1<\/em>
\ndo ticha h\u00fd\u010dk\u00e1 se. Je poledn\u00ed \u010das l\u00edn\u00fd.<\/em>
\nJe plna zlat\u00fdch skvrn silnice osam\u011bl\u00e1,<\/em>
\nv n\u00ed slunce sl\u00e9v\u00e1 se na \u017elut\u00fdch pruz\u00edch hl\u00edny.<\/em>
\nOd lesa ku vsi z\u0159\u00edm. R\u00e1z kovadliny ztichnul<\/em>
\nve chv\u00edli poledn\u00ed z kov\u00e1rny p\u0159ed vesnic\u00ed,<\/em>
\nv\u016fz \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nehr\u010del a v\u00edtr nezavzdychnul,<\/em>
\na zem je do d\u00e1lky bez hlasu, n\u011bm\u00e1, sp\u00edc\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

KAREL \u010cAPEK: Do m\u00e1je<\/strong>
\nTedy letos si to p\u0159\u00edroda opravdu nechala a\u017e na m\u00e1j; poupata jsou na rozpuk, pupence list\u016f u\u017eu\u017e se rozbaluj\u00ed, ale dosud nepadlo tich\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed komando: Rozvi\u0148 se! V jin\u00fdch letech si to vy\u0159\u00edd\u00ed u\u017e duben, m\u011bs\u00edc nepr\u00e1vem m\u00e9n\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed ne\u017e m\u00e1j.<\/em>
\nLetos poprv\u00e9 po des\u00edtk\u00e1ch let duben selhal; na\u0161e velebn\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed poloha v tomto slzav\u00e9m \u00fadol\u00ed n\u00e1s neu\u0161et\u0159ila ani jedn\u00e9 chladn\u00e9 vlny, a\u0165 vzala sv\u016fj vznik na Baltu, nad ruskou n\u00ed\u017einou, na Balk\u00e1n\u011b nebo na ji\u017en\u00ed to\u010dn\u011b. Ztratili jsme letos vlastn\u011b dobrou polovinu jara; den za dnem se t\u011b\u0161\u00edme, \u017ee to snad p\u0159ijde z\u00edtra nebo poz\u00edt\u0159\u00ed\u2026 K\u00e9\u017e je tepleji u n\u00e1s! \u2013 ale nejenom pro vegetaci, kter\u00e1 se u\u017e ned\u00e1 potla\u010dit; ale i pro n\u00e1s; i pro lidsk\u00e1 srdce a lidsk\u00e9 mysli. Je mezi n\u00e1mi p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho sychravosti a v\u0161elik\u00fdch chladn\u00fdch vln; drsn\u00e9 bylo letos i na\u0161e mor\u00e1ln\u00ed klima. Snad i to napravit z\u016fstalo vyhrazeno m\u00e1ji; a to\u017e si na prvn\u00edho m\u00e1je navz\u00e1jem p\u0159ejme: K\u00e9\u017e je tepleji! (<\/em>Lidov\u00e9 noviny 1. 5. 1931)<\/p>\n

Podle \u010deho je pojmenovan\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc kv\u011bten je asi jasn\u00e9. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b podle rozkvetl\u00fdch strom\u016f. Ale nen\u00ed to a\u017e tak dlouho, co se p\u00e1t\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v roce jmenoval jinak. P\u016fvodn\u011b byl podle jm\u00e9na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 bohyn\u011b jara a plodnosti Mai pojmenov\u00e1n m\u00e1j. Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ekv\u011bten\u201c vzniklo a\u017e d\u00edky spisovateli Josefu Jungmannovi, kter\u00fd v roce 1805 p\u0159i p\u0159ekladu jedn\u00e9 francouzsk\u00e9 knihy p\u0159elo\u017eil n\u00e1zev p\u00e1t\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce v roce jako kv\u011bten. Mezi lidmi se tohle pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed rychle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo a za\u010dali jej b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat. P\u00e1t\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc roku se v\u0161ak mohl jmenovat \u00fapln\u011b jinak.<\/h6>\n

N\u00e1zev traven nebo tr\u00e1ven pat\u0159\u00ed k pokus\u016fm p\u0159evz\u00edt star\u00e9 slovansk\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro tento m\u011bs\u00edc z doby p\u0159edobrozensk\u00e9ho purismu \u2013 op\u011bt ve snaze nahradit m\u00e1j. \u201eJde o star\u00fd n\u00e1zev kv\u011btna \u010di dubna odvozen\u00fd od praslovansk\u00e9ho slova trava, tr\u00e1va, jako takzvan\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce tr\u00e1vy. Tedy m\u011bs\u00edce, kdy se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 s pastvou dobytka na zelen\u00e9 tr\u00e1v\u011b. M\u00edsto kv\u011btna mohl b\u00fdt i ojedin\u011bl\u00fd trnopuk. Jde nejsp\u00ed\u0161 op\u0159edobrozensk\u00fd neologismus, snad poetismus. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed ho Jungmann ve sv\u00e9m slovn\u00edku a pou\u017eil ho i Franti\u0161ek Ladislav \u010celakovsk\u00fd v Mudroslov\u00ed n\u00e1rodu \u010desk\u00e9ho. I m\u00e1j ale v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b z\u016fstal. T\u0159eba ve zn\u00e1m\u00e9m r\u010den\u00ed studen\u00fd m\u00e1j, ve stodole r\u00e1j, kde bychom u\u017eit\u00edm slova kv\u011bten pokazili r\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Mluv\u00edme tak\u00e9 o oslav\u00e1ch Prvn\u00edho m\u00e1je, ov\u0161em s expresivn\u00edm odst\u00ednem. P\u0159e\u017eil rovn\u011b\u017e v odvozen\u00fdch slovech, jako je m\u00e1jov\u00fd de\u0161t\u00ed\u010dek, m\u00e1jov\u00e9 ko\u0165\u00e1tko (t\u0159\u00edbarevn\u00e9), b\u011b\u017en\u011b hovo\u0159\u00edme o jarn\u00ed houb\u011b m\u00e1jovce nebo o tradici stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1jky. V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m jazyce ale slovo m\u00e1j \u00fapln\u011b ustoupilo, v n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00ed jej sly\u0161\u00edme jen u zcela star\u00fdch lid\u00ed. V\u00fdraz m\u00e1j (krom\u011b odvozen\u00fdch slov) mizel na sam\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To, jak dnes vn\u00edm\u00e1me kv\u011bten, se s \u010dasem nem\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 i pro na\u0161e p\u0159edky byl pln\u00fd s\u00edl\u00edc\u00ed energie, kterou oslavovali mnoha lidov\u00fdmi zvyklostmi a tradicemi. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed, jin\u00e9 se vracej\u00ed. V tomto obdob\u00ed nejv\u00edce chodilo na pout\u011b na m\u00edsta bl\u00edzk\u00e1 i vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed si byli v\u011bdomi, \u017ee m\u011bs\u00edc kv\u011bten je pro sp\u00e1su du\u0161e krajn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, tak vznikly i takov\u00e9 v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 jsou na pomez\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed a lidov\u00e9 zbo\u017enosti jako m\u00e1jov\u00e9 m\u0161e. \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 se odkazem na lidov\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce kv\u011btna jako obdob\u00ed plodnosti. M\u0161e na p\u0159elomu jara a l\u00e9ta se neslou\u017eily v kostele, ale venku. A nikoliv r\u00e1no, ale ve\u010der. To byl samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pro ml\u00e1de\u017e z\u00e1sah do toho jejich podve\u010dern\u00edho obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btna v\u011bnoval rolnick\u00fd lid velkou pozornost \u00farod\u011b na pol\u00edch. Konal prosebn\u00e1 proces\u00ed, p\u0159i nich\u017e modlitbou a zp\u011bvem prosil o hojnou \u00farodu a jej\u00ed ochranu p\u0159ed \u017eiveln\u00fdmi pohromami. Tato proces\u00ed nav\u00e1zala z\u0159ejm\u011b na star\u0161\u00ed pohansk\u00e9 ob\u0159ady. Dala obch\u016fzk\u00e1m pol\u00ed nov\u00fd, k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd obsah a vyu\u017eila p\u0159i nich k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch symbol\u016f \u2013 k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u016f a korouhv\u00ed. Ji\u017e ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b nosili p\u0159i t\u011bchto ob\u0159adech obrazy boh\u016f po pol\u00edch a prosili o \u00farodu. Nov\u00e1 c\u00edrkev bojovala proti pohansk\u00e9mu pojet\u00ed t\u011bchto obch\u016fzek. Vyd\u00e1vala r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1kazy, ze kter\u00fdch bylo mo\u017eno vy\u010d\u00edst, jak\u00e9 ty tehdej\u0161\u00ed pohansk\u00e9 ob\u0159ady byly. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu cest k jednotliv\u00fdm zastaven\u00edm se \u010detla a zp\u00edvala litanie ke V\u0161em Svat\u00fdm. Kn\u011bz \u017eehnal pol\u00edm a zaset\u00e9mu obil\u00ed. V\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do posv\u011bcen\u00e9ho obil\u00ed zabod\u00e1vali drobn\u00e9 improvizovan\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky.
\nP\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 Star\u00e9 \u0160umavy, m\u011bjte se kr\u00e1sn\u011b kv\u011btnov\u011b.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Kv\u011bten <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":344396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/01\/ram-rozjimani.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306060"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=306060"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306060\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":344397,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306060\/revisions\/344397"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/344396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=306060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=306060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=306060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}