{"id":306000,"date":"2024-05-08T18:23:16","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T17:23:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=306000"},"modified":"2024-05-08T18:25:41","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T17:25:41","slug":"sumava-sprava-narodniho-parku-si-jako-letosni-tema-vybrala-tlejici-drevo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=306000","title":{"rendered":"\u0160UMAVA: Spr\u00e1va n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku si jako t\u00e9ma tohoto roku vybrala tlej\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159evo"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Odum\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed nebo odum\u0159el\u00e9 d\u0159evo v \u0161umavsk\u00fdch les\u00edch je typick\u00fdm znakem v bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku nebo v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch rezervac\u00edch chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 krajinn\u00e9 oblasti. Stoj\u00edc\u00ed \u010di le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed odum\u0159el\u00e9 stromy jsou toti\u017e pro \u0160umavu typick\u00e9 stejn\u011b, jako ponech\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed k zetlen\u00ed v m\u00edstech, kde se t\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Toto zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 \u201epl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c vzbuzovalo a st\u00e1le vzbuzuje spoustu ot\u00e1zek, v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdch reakc\u00ed a mnohdy tak\u00e9 nepochopen\u00ed. P\u0159itom tlej\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159evo je opravdov\u00fdm bohatstv\u00edm lesa, je nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed cel\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu a v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm kontextu je tak\u00e9 l\u00e1kadlem pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

\u201ePonech\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159evn\u00ed hmoty k zetlen\u00ed za v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 let existence NP \u0160umava v\u017edy vyvol\u00e1valo kontroverze a to jak mezi odbornou, tak i laickou ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed. Bylo tedy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nejd\u0159\u00edve vysv\u011btlovat c\u00edle mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f, na jejich\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed procesy, vysv\u011btlovat nezbytnost tlej\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159eva v les\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 neust\u00e1le zkoumat vlastnosti tohoto fenom\u00e9nu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se z\u00edskan\u00fdmi daty seznamovat ve\u0159ejnost. A v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi se nach\u00e1z\u00edme pr\u00e1v\u011b nyn\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed roku 2024 na \u0160umav\u011b, jako roku tlej\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159eva, \u0159editel Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u201eJsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee dnes u\u017e nemus\u00edme ve\u0159ejnost utvrzovat v tom, \u017ee tlej\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159evo je pro les prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u0159adu funkc\u00ed a \u017ee je nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdch proces\u016f v \u0161umavsk\u00fdch les\u00edch. Ale po\u0159\u00e1d prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy, jejich\u017e v\u00fdsledky i n\u00e1s st\u00e1le p\u0159ekvapuj\u00ed. Chceme tedy ve\u0159ejnosti p\u0159ed\u00e1vat nejaktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace od entomolog\u016f, mykolog\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f tak, aby byly srozumiteln\u00e9 a snadno dostupn\u00e9. Problematika ponech\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159evn\u00ed hmoty je toti\u017e mnohovrstevnat\u00e1 a nelze ji z\u00fa\u017eit jen do n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo v\u011bt, \u010di \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Lesn\u00edk Josef Seidel v roce 1846 nav\u0161t\u00edvil \u0161umavsk\u00e9 pralesy, aby je\u0161t\u011b zastihl tyto chr\u00e1my p\u0159\u00edrody p\u0159ed \u00fapln\u00fdm zni\u010den\u00edm, a u\u017e tehdy byl fascinov\u00e1n mno\u017estv\u00edm odum\u0159el\u00fdch strom\u016f: \u201eP\u0159i vstupu do t\u011bchto svat\u00fdch m\u00edst neru\u0161en\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody n\u00e1s nejd\u0159\u00edv zaujme to mno\u017estv\u00ed na v\u0161echny strany popadan\u00e9ho a z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti mechem porostl\u00e9ho le\u017e\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159eva\u2026 S jak\u00fdm mrh\u00e1n\u00edm tu p\u0159\u00edroda hospoda\u0159\u00ed, aby dos\u00e1hla takov\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f, jak velk\u00e1 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt hmota rostlin, kter\u00e1 tu zanik\u00e1 bez vyu\u017eit\u00ed, a jak\u00e1 s\u00edla mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 v p\u016fd\u011b.\u201c<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Tlej\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159evo v les\u00edch m\u00e1 mnoho pozitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9 po ur\u010ditou dobu z\u00e1sadn\u011b zvy\u0161uje druhovou rozmanitost v m\u00edstech, kde se vyskytuje. Je domovem a\u017e 50 procent v\u0161ech organizm\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v lese. Tlej\u00edc\u00ed kmeny strom\u016f se toti\u017e daj\u00ed pova\u017eovat za specifick\u00fd biotop, kter\u00e9 ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed tis\u00edce druh\u016f organism\u016f \u2013 bakteri\u00ed, \u0159as, hub, mech\u016f, j\u00e1trovek, li\u0161ejn\u00edk\u016f, kapra\u010forost\u016f, hmyzu a dal\u0161\u00edch. Bez odum\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho nebo odum\u0159el\u00e9ho d\u0159eva by na \u0160umav\u011b nedok\u00e1zaly \u017e\u00edt ani n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy pt\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eJsou to jak \u0161plhavci, tedy nap\u0159\u00edklad strakapoudi, datli nebo datl\u00edci, ale tak\u00e9 p\u011bvci, nap\u0159\u00edklad brhl\u00edk lesn\u00ed, v\u0161echny druhy na\u0161ich s\u00fdkor zejm\u00e9na pak s\u00fdkora lu\u017en\u00ed, babka a paruk\u00e1\u0159ka, lejsci \u2013 b\u011blokrk\u00fd \u010di pro \u0160umavu typick\u00fd, by\u0165 vz\u00e1cn\u00fd lejsek mal\u00fd. A pochopiteln\u011b i n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy sov. Pokud by nez\u016fst\u00e1valy v les\u00edch zlomy nebo doupn\u00e9 stromy, jen t\u011b\u017eko bychom se na \u0160umav\u011b mohli t\u011b\u0161it z p\u0159\u00edtomnosti pu\u0161t\u00edka b\u011blav\u00e9ho,\u201c<\/em> vyjmenov\u00e1v\u00e1 ornitolog Spr\u00e1vy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava Ale\u0161 Vondrka.<\/p>\n

Ponech\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tlej\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159eva v bezz\u00e1sahov\u00fdch porostech, kter\u00e9 se v sou\u010dasnosti rozprost\u00edraj\u00ed na v\u00edce ne\u017e 44 procentech \u00fazem\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava, ud\u011blalo pr\u00e1v\u011b toto chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci Evropy. Vyskytuj\u00ed se tu velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00ed brouci a to v\u010detn\u011b kornatce velk\u00e9ho nebo trno\u0161t\u00edtce horsk\u00e9ho v relativn\u011b po\u010detn\u00fdch populac\u00edch<\/p>\n

\u201ePosledn\u00ed historick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o kornatci velk\u00e9m m\u00e1me z roku 1907. V roce 2017, po v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 letech, jsme ho na \u0160umav\u011b zaznamenali znovu a v sou\u010dasnosti jej nach\u00e1z\u00edme na mnoha m\u00edstech od jihu po z\u00e1pad \u0160umavy. Lo\u0148sk\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed trno\u0161t\u00edtce horsk\u00e9ho jej potvrdilo na \u010dtrn\u00e1cti lokalit\u00e1ch nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d \u0160umavou, kter\u00e1 je v kontextu st\u0159edn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u00fazem\u00edm s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hustotou v\u00fdskytu tohoto druhu,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje zoolog Spr\u00e1vy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava Vladim\u00edr Dvo\u0159\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

Tlej\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159evo je tak\u00e9 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm pro novou generaci lesa. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku mnoho nov\u00fdch stromk\u016f vyr\u016fst\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo z rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch se pah\u00fdl\u016f, nebo le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch kmen\u016f. Tlej\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159evo d\u00e1le funguje jako z\u00e1sobn\u00edk velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eivin. Stromy je b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota \u010derpaj\u00ed z p\u016fdy a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed do sv\u00fdch t\u011bl. Po odum\u0159en\u00ed je po dobu des\u00edtek let, kdy se rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed, vrac\u00ed zp\u011bt. Tlej\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159evo tak\u00e9 zadr\u017euje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, a to jak p\u0159\u00edmo v t\u011blech strom\u016f, kdy\u017e v ur\u010dit\u00e9 f\u00e1zi rozkladu voda tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu jejich objemu, tak i t\u00edm, \u017ee le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed kmeny tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 p\u0159ehr\u00e1dky a zadr\u017euj\u00ed povrchovou vodu. Z\u00e1sadn\u011b tak utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vlastnosti stanovi\u0161t\u011b, poskytuj\u00ed vodu v such\u00fdch obdob\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u201eTlej\u00edc\u00ed stromy v r\u016fzn\u00e9m st\u00e1diu rozkladu tak\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed na na\u0161e emoce. Velmi brzy po opad\u00e1n\u00ed jehlic nebo list\u016f za\u010dnou kmeny o\u017e\u00edvat houbami, mechy a li\u0161ejn\u00edky, d\u0159evo v tomto st\u00e1diu se st\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pocitu \u201edivo\u010diny.\u201c A i kv\u016fli tomuto pocitu mnoz\u00ed \u0160umavu nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed. A nejsou prvn\u00ed! Za\u010dala s t\u00edm u\u017e Eli\u0161ka Kr\u00e1snohorsk\u00e1, Adolf Heyduk, Jaroslav Vrchlick\u00fd nebo Julius Ma\u0159\u00e1k. Ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo si tohoto pocitu chce u\u017e\u00edvat pln\u00fdmi dou\u0161ky, mus\u00edm ale upozornit, \u017ee odum\u0159el\u00e9 stromy nejsou jen malebn\u00e9, ale jsou i nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Vstupujte tedy do \u0161umavsk\u00fdch les\u016f s respektem, opatrn\u011b a s v\u011bdom\u00edm rizik, kter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost tlej\u00edc\u00edch strom\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje \u0159editel Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Tlej\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159evo ponech\u00e1van\u00e9 v les\u00edch je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bt a ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 mo\u017enost jej na \u0160umav\u011b pozn\u00e1vat a u\u017e\u00edvat si jeho divokost. Spr\u00e1va proto pro leto\u0161n\u00ed rok p\u0159ipravila celou \u0159adu program\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm problematiku tlej\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159eva p\u0159edstav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159ipravujeme videa, exkurze, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky, \u010dl\u00e1nky, v\u00fdstavy v na\u0161ich n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnick\u00fdch centrech, \u010di speci\u00e1ln\u00ed mal\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fd workshop. Odborn\u00edci Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava v\u00e1m tento sv\u011bt p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed p\u0159i komentovan\u00fdch vych\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, na kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 se u\u017e nyn\u00ed registrovat na na\u0161ich webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch, nebo p\u0159i \u010dty\u0159ech speci\u00e1ln\u00edch jednodenn\u00edch akc\u00edch, kdy budeme v\u00fdznam tlej\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159eva vysv\u011btlovat p\u0159\u00edmo v m\u00edstech, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed, a to na Poledn\u00edku, B\u0159ezn\u00edku, Pramenech Vltavy a na Ple\u0161n\u00e9m jeze\u0159e,\u201c<\/em> vyjmenov\u00e1v\u00e1 pl\u00e1ny na leto\u0161n\u00ed rok mluv\u010d\u00ed Spr\u00e1vy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava Jan Dvo\u0159\u00e1k. \u201eT\u011b\u0161\u00edme se na v\u0161echny, kte\u0159\u00ed na\u0161e pozv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ijmou a vydaj\u00ed se sami, nebo spole\u010dn\u011b s n\u00e1mi do rozlehl\u00fdch \u0161umavsk\u00fdch les\u016f u\u017e\u00edvat divok\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed programy, videa, \u010dl\u00e1nky k leto\u0161n\u00edmu \u201eRoku tlej\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159eva\u201c jsou zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny na ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava www.npsumava.cz<\/strong><\/a>, a ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm facebookov\u00e9m a instagramov\u00e9m profilu NP Sumava nebo pod hastgem #tlejicidrevo<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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(tz-np\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: Pavla \u010c\u00cd\u017dKOV\u00c1<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Odum\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":306003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/01\/nps-souse-foto-pavla-cizkova-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306000"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=306000"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306000\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":306715,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306000\/revisions\/306715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/306003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=306000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=306000"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=306000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}