{"id":305793,"date":"2026-04-28T16:56:43","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T15:56:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=305793"},"modified":"2026-04-28T16:56:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T15:56:43","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-filipojakubska-noc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=305793","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Filipojakubsk\u00e1 noc"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Plameny maj\u00ed v noci p\u0159ed 1. m\u00e1jem magickou moc. Hlavn\u00ed je, aby \u010dlov\u011bk v moment\u011b, kdy p\u0159eskakuje ohe\u0148, intenzivn\u011b myslel na to, co si p\u0159eje, nebo \u010deho se naopak chce zbavit. Ohe\u0148, kter\u00fd keltsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo zapalovalo, byl symbolem \u017eivotod\u00e1rn\u00e9 s\u00edly \u2013 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch bylo tak\u00e9 zvykem uhasit ohe\u0148 doma v kamnech a pec\u00edch a pak ho znovu zap\u00e1lit z \u201eobecn\u00ed\u201c vatry.<\/h6>\n

Filipojakubsk\u00e1 \u010di Valpur\u017eina noc p\u0159edstavuje v lidov\u00fdch zvyc\u00edch d\u016fle\u017eitou dobu ve\u010dera a noci p\u0159ed prvn\u00edm kv\u011btnem, spojenou s magick\u00fdmi \u00fakony a ritu\u00e1ly na ochranu dobytka a \u00farody. V\u00e1\u017ee se k n\u00ed tak\u00e9 zvyk “p\u00e1len\u00ed \u010darod\u011bjnic”, ten se v\u0161ak za\u010dal v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch \u0161\u00ed\u0159it a\u017e v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed. A hned byl tak\u00e9 zakazov\u00e1n. Jakkoli m\u00e1me z posledn\u00edch let p\u00e1len\u00ed oh\u0148\u016f za\u017eit\u00e9 jako pom\u011brn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou tradici, jeho p\u016fvod moc d\u00e1vn\u00fd nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle \u010desk\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho historika a etnografa \u010ce\u0148ka Z\u00edbrta se zvyk p\u00e1len\u00ed oh\u0148\u016f o Filipojakubsk\u00e9 noci (v kraj\u00edch s n\u011bmeck\u00fdm obyvatelstvem ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 podle n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho vzoru tak\u00e9 jako Valpur\u017eina noc) za\u010dal \u0161\u00ed\u0159it a\u017e v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed, a to nejd\u0159\u00edve v \u010desk\u00fdch a n\u011bmeck\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edch a severn\u00edch \u010cech.
\nB\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byl sp\u00ed\u0161e oby\u010dej zapalovat ohn\u011b a\u017e ke 24. \u010dervnu, tedy ke sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho Jana K\u0159titele, kdy nadch\u00e1zela dal\u0161\u00ed magick\u00e1 noc, tentokr\u00e1t Svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e1. “U N\u011bmc\u016f u\u017e zapaluj\u00ed,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v kapitole v\u011bnovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b Svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 noci jedna z postav d\u011btsk\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017eky Han\u00fd\u017eka a Mart\u00ednek spisovatele Jind\u0159icha \u0160imona Baara, popisuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivot v Klen\u010d\u00ed pod \u010cerchovem na Doma\u017elicku zhruba v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 replika se vztahuje k pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed “svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00fdch oh\u0148\u016f”, zapalovan\u00fdch na kopc\u00edch v N\u011bmci os\u00eddlen\u00e9m podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed. P\u00e1len\u00ed oh\u0148\u016f ji\u017e o Filipojakubsk\u00e9 noci se nicm\u00e9n\u011b za\u010dalo p\u0159ece jenom rozm\u00e1hat a koncem 19. stolet\u00ed bylo ji\u017e roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 po cel\u00fdch \u010cech\u00e1ch a na z\u00e1padn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Morav\u011b. V\u00fdchodn\u011bji se udr\u017eel zvyk zapalovat ohn\u011b sp\u00ed\u0161e a\u017e o Svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 noci.<\/p>\n

Velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 a magick\u00e1 je tzv. Valpur\u017eina noc, kter\u00e1 dodnes p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na ve\u010der 30. dubna. Je to zn\u00e1m\u00e1 \u201enoc \u010darod\u011bjnic\u201c, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed zl\u00e9 s\u00edly velikou moc. Tomu se muselo p\u0159edej\u00edt \u0159adou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f a hospod\u00e1\u0159 se musel pe\u010dliv\u011b p\u0159ipravit. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed soumrakem byly st\u00e1je vykou\u0159eny jalovcem a zv\u00ed\u0159ectvu se do krmen\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1valy st\u00e9bla tr\u00e1vy natrhan\u00e9 na dev\u00edti r\u016fzn\u00fdch mez\u00edch. Vyku\u0159ovaly se rovn\u011b\u017e prostory, ve kter\u00fdch \u017eili lid\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvala se sv\u011bcen\u00e1 voda a do oken se d\u00e1vat k\u0159\u00ed\u017e z bezu \u010di z posv\u011bcen\u00fdch ko\u010di\u010dek od Velikonoc. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 bylo zkontrolovat, zda jsou ve v\u0161ech kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch d\u00edrk\u00e1ch kl\u00ed\u010de. Pokud tam nebyly, \u010darod\u011bjnice tudy mohly prol\u00e9zt dovnit\u0159.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem \u010dasu vznikly des\u00edtky r\u016fzn\u00fdch jednoduch\u00fdch pov\u011br\u010div\u00fdch praktik, jak \u010darod\u011bjnic\u00edm zabr\u00e1nit vstupu do domu a chl\u00e9v\u016f a tak, kdy\u017e se se posledn\u00ed soumrak dubnov\u00e9ho dne skl\u00e1n\u011bl nad vesnic\u00ed, bylo kolem jednotliv\u00fdch staven\u00ed velmi \u017eivo. Hospod\u00e1\u0159i, \u010del\u00e1dka nap\u0159. p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli nar\u00fdpan\u00e9 drny a kladli je hlavn\u011b p\u0159ed chl\u00e9vy a st\u00e1je, aby do nich nemohly \u010darod\u011bjnice vej\u00edt a dobytku u\u0161kodit. Podle lidov\u00e9 v\u00edry musely toti\u017e \u010darod\u011bjnice nejprve spo\u010d\u00edtat st\u00e9bla tr\u00e1vy na drnech, aby mohly zapo\u010d\u00edt se sv\u00fdm d\u00edlem, a proto\u017ee st\u00e9bel bylo mnoho, marnily po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u016fj drahocenn\u00fd \u010das a s bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edm jitrem 1. kv\u011btna sl\u00e1bla jejich moc. Proto \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce bylo drn\u016f, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe pro hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jinde zase zapichovali pruty a pichlav\u00e9 trn\u00ed do hnoji\u0161t\u011b, p\u0159ed vchody chl\u00e9v\u016f, st\u00e1j\u00ed a sv\u00fdch obydl\u00ed a v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee tudy \u010darod\u011bjnice neprojdou. Hospod\u00e1\u0159 vykropil cel\u00e9 staven\u00ed a okol\u00ed sv\u011bcenou vodou, na dve\u0159e kreslili t\u0159i k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky sv\u011bcenou vodou. Jinde na dve\u0159e upev\u0148ovali po\u017eehnan\u00e9 v\u011btvi\u010dky z Kv\u011btn\u00e9 ned\u011ble, na vrata a na zem malovali kruhy a k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky. N\u011bkde sypali p\u0159ed chl\u00e9vy \u0159ezanku, p\u00edsek nebo rozhazovali smet\u00ed, p\u0159ed chl\u00e9v se kladla otep sl\u00e1my, a to v\u0161e proto, aby \u010darod\u011bjnice musela dlouze po\u010d\u00edtat. Kdy\u017e takto bylo staven\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bno a dobytek proti \u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn, ml\u00e1de\u017e sebrala ko\u0161\u0165ata a \u0161la za ves \u201ep\u00e1lit\u201c \u010darod\u011bjnice. K tomu c\u00edli byla vyb\u00edr\u00e1na m\u00edsta vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1. Tam byla ko\u0161\u0165ata zap\u00e1len\u00e1 a vyhazov\u00e1na do v\u00fd\u0161e, p\u0159i \u010dem\u017e se prov\u00e1d\u011bly r\u016fzn\u00e9 reje. Jasn\u011b planouc\u00ed osmolen\u00e1 ko\u0161\u0165ata pak zah\u00e1n\u011bla \u010darod\u011bjnice. Na n\u00e1vs\u00edch se konalo tzv. vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed \u010darod\u011bjnic (zvan\u00e9 Ausplatzen). Shrom\u00e1\u017edili se zde mlad\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1skali bi\u010di tak dlouho, co jim s\u00edly sta\u010dily. Tento zvuk vyh\u00e1n\u011bl zl\u00e9 mocnosti z vesnice.<\/p>\n

Vlastn\u00ed rej \u010darod\u011bjnic za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 o p\u016flnoci, kdy vyl\u00e9t\u00e1vaj\u00ed z kom\u00edn\u016f. Kdo se neboj\u00ed a chce je vid\u011bt, m\u00e1 mo\u017enost. Mus\u00ed v\u0161ak vystoupat na kopec, ze kter\u00e9ho je vid\u011bt sedmero vesnic. Ne\u010dist\u00fd d\u016fm a jeho obyvatelku pozn\u00e1 podle toho, \u017ee z kom\u00ednu stoup\u00e1 ohniv\u00e1 p\u00e1ra. Na sv\u016fj sabat se sl\u00e9t\u00e1vaj\u00ed na ko\u0161t\u011bti nebo metle a sch\u00e1zej\u00ed se tak\u00e9 na k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch lesn\u00edch cest. Kdo je vyru\u0161\u00ed, vyv\u00e1zne bez trestu, pokud odp\u0159is\u00e1hne, \u017ee nikdy nevyzrad\u00ed, co pr\u00e1v\u011b vid\u011bl. Kdo sv\u016fj slib poru\u0161\u00ed, ten zem\u0159e je\u0161t\u011b b\u011bhem roku.
\nPokud v noci na 1. kv\u011bten pr\u0161\u00ed, pak to p\u0159inese \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> \u010dasopis \u010cesk\u00fd lid – 1898, \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Plameny <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":374012,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/28\/ram-noc.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/305793"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=305793"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/305793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":374011,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/305793\/revisions\/374011"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/374012"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=305793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=305793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=305793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}