{"id":304346,"date":"2025-04-13T19:00:52","date_gmt":"2025-04-13T18:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=304346"},"modified":"2025-04-13T19:01:27","modified_gmt":"2025-04-13T18:01:27","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-okouzlujici-poslove-jara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=304346","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed poslov\u00e9 jara"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Jeden z prvn\u00edch jarn\u00edch kv\u011bt\u016f je symbolem nov\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku, znovuzrozen\u00ed, \u00facty a neop\u011btovan\u00e9 l\u00e1sky. Jsou jedny z prvn\u00edch kv\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00edtaj\u00ed jaro a \u010dasto se mus\u00ed odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b poprat i s vrstvou taj\u00edc\u00edho sn\u011bhu. Jsou skute\u010dn\u011b jarn\u00edm kv\u00edt\u00edm, kter\u00e9 rozvesel\u00ed zahradu v dob\u011b, kdy ostatn\u00ed rostliny, stromy a ke\u0159e je\u0161t\u011b sp\u00ed. Miluj\u00ed je na v\u00fdchod\u011b i na z\u00e1pad\u011b, vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed se o nich legendy a zkoumaj\u00ed se jejich l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. A tvrd\u00ed se, \u017ee by se nikdy nem\u011bl darovat jen jeden samostatn\u00fd narcis, nos\u00ed to ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed! Kytice narcis\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed do domu radost a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed legendou, spojenou s narcisy, je v\u0161ak z\u0159ejm\u011b ta o kr\u00e1sn\u00e9m mlad\u00edkovi, podle kter\u00e9ho pr\u00fd kv\u011btiny dostaly sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no. Narkissos (t\u00e9\u017e Narcis nebo Narcissus) je v \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologii synem \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho boha K\u00e9f\u00edsa a nymfy Leirop\u00e9. Je kr\u00e1sn\u00fd tak, \u017ee mu nadb\u00edhaj\u00ed \u017eeny i nymfy. On v\u0161ak o \u017e\u00e1dnou z nich nestoj\u00ed, je hrd\u00fd na svou kr\u00e1su a rad\u011bji se s\u00e1m toul\u00e1 po les\u00edch. Ura\u017een\u00e9 nymfy pros\u00ed bohy, aby py\u0161n\u00e9ho mlad\u00edka potrestaly. To se nakonec stane. Narcis se zamiluje do sv\u00e9ho obrazu na hladin\u011b stud\u00e1nky a tak dlouho se koch\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, a\u017e se nakonec ve stud\u00e1nce utop\u00ed. Jeho t\u011blo se prom\u011bn\u00ed v narcisov\u00fd kv\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Slovo narcismus je dnes pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no jako ozna\u010den\u00ed samolibosti, je\u0161itnosti a zahled\u011bnosti do vlastn\u00ed osoby. Tito lid\u00e9, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b mu\u017ei, trp\u00ed p\u0159ehnan\u00fdm sebev\u011bdom\u00edm, jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni o sv\u00e9 v\u00fdjime\u010dnosti, nesn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed kritiku apod. B\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u010dasto \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed, ale sou\u017eit\u00ed s nimi nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9.<\/p>\n

B\u00edl\u00e9, \u017elut\u00e9, oran\u017eov\u00e9 i s \u010derven\u00fdmi okraji\u2026Jeden je hez\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e druh\u00fd. K\u0159ehk\u00fd p\u016fvab t\u011bchto kv\u011btin doj\u00edm\u00e1 u\u017e po stalet\u00ed. Jsou nejenom symbolem jara a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f, jako jsou t\u0159eba k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 Velikonoce, ale na\u0161ly si sv\u00e9 pevn\u00e9 m\u00edsto i v um\u011bn\u00ed a kultu\u0159e. Na obrazech a v literatu\u0159e se objevuj\u00ed u\u017e od starov\u011bku. Narcisy byly nalezeny v hrobech z dob starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta i na fresk\u00e1ch ve vykop\u00e1vk\u00e1ch v Pompej\u00edch. V klasick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e antick\u00e9ho \u0158ecka a \u0158\u00edma se tak\u00e9 objevuj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto a o t\u011bchto kv\u011btin\u00e1ch se mluv\u00ed i v \u0159ad\u011b starov\u011bk\u00fdch m\u00fdt\u016f. V jedn\u00e9 z b\u00e1j\u00ed ze 7. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem sehraj\u00ed roli n\u00e1vnady k uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed mlad\u00e9 Persefony. Krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho pr\u00fd rostou na louk\u00e1ch v podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem st\u0159edov\u011bku se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed objevovat v z\u00e1padn\u00edm um\u011bn\u00ed hlavn\u011b na deskov\u00fdch obrazech. Jak jdou stalet\u00ed, pronikaj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce i do literatury a na pl\u00e1tna renomovan\u00fdch um\u011blc\u016f. Potenci\u00e1lu narcisu jako l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 byliny si v\u0161\u00edmaj\u00ed u\u017e na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9. Navzdory tomu, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 jejich alkaloidy jsou jedovat\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se tyto kv\u011btiny jako tradi\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky lidov\u00e9 medic\u00edny na r\u016fzn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee. \u201eOtec medic\u00edny\u201c, antick\u00fd \u0159eck\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Hippokrat\u00e9s (asi 460-370 p\u0159. n. l.) je doporu\u010duje na n\u00e1dory d\u011blohy, v t\u00e9to praxi pak pokra\u010duj\u00ed i jeho n\u00e1stupci. Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b aplikuj\u00ed cibulky lok\u00e1ln\u011b na r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1dory. Francouzi pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kv\u011bty jako l\u00e9k proti k\u0159e\u010d\u00edm, Arabov\u00e9 proti vypad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vlas\u016f a jako afrodiziakum. V 18. stolet\u00ed doporu\u010duje jist\u00fd irsk\u00fd bylin\u00e1\u0159 drtit ko\u0159eny a sm\u00edchat je s medem pro pou\u017eit\u00ed na pop\u00e1leniny, mod\u0159iny \u010di vyklouben\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Existuje tak\u00e9 dlouh\u00e1 historie pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed narcisu jako stimulantu a k navozen\u00ed stav\u016f podobn\u00fdch transu a halucinac\u00ed. I n\u011bkter\u00e9 modern\u00ed studie nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdta\u017eky z narcis\u016f by mohly m\u00edt \u0159adu potenci\u00e1ln\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdch v medic\u00edn\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b Alzheimerovy choroby. Jak rychle se tato rostlina \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila, n\u00e1m dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed nejstar\u0161\u00ed anglick\u00e9 prameny z roku 1548, kdy v t\u00e9 dob\u011b znali pouze 24 r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f. O 400 let pozd\u011bji v listech Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 zahradnick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v Lond\u00fdn\u011b je ji\u017e zaregistrov\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 8 000 druh\u016f a odr\u016fd. Co\u017e zna\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd rok vyp\u011bstovali 20 druh\u016f a odr\u016fd t\u00e9to rostliny.<\/p>\n

Narcisy byly z horsk\u00fdch slunn\u00fdch luk ji\u017en\u00ed Evropy p\u0159eneseny do zahrad ji\u017e 300 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. Po Evrop\u011b je p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eeli \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee m\u00edza kv\u011btu m\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 vlastnosti. Dnes v\u00edme, \u017ee opak je ve skute\u010dnosti pravdou, nebo\u0165 narcisy (a jejich m\u00edza) obsahuj\u00ed toxiny, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt pro \u010dlov\u011bka (ale i dom\u00e1c\u00ed mazl\u00ed\u010dky) zna\u010dn\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Narcisy se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed v 19. stolet\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou obchodn\u00ed plodinou, p\u011bstovanou zejm\u00e9na v Nizozemsku. Jejich obliba nekles\u00e1 ani dnes. Narcis je n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kv\u011btinou Walesu, na mnoha m\u00edstech sv\u011bta se konaj\u00ed festivaly na jejich po\u010dest, nap\u0159\u00edklad v rakousk\u00e9m alpsk\u00e9m m\u011bste\u010dku Bad Aussee anebo v americk\u00e9m Pierce County ve st\u00e1t\u011b Washington. V \u010c\u00edn\u011b jsou symbolem \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pokud narcis vykvete b\u011bhem oslav nov\u00e9ho roku, v Japonsku znamen\u00e1 respekt a \u00factu a v mnoha z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch je znamen\u00edm nad\u011bje. Traduje se, \u017ee by se narcisy v\u017edy m\u011bly darovat jako kytice. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Jedin\u00e1 kv\u011btina je v\u0161ak pr\u00fd z\u00e1rukou sm\u016fly.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Kl\u00ed\u010d ke Kv\u011bten\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, Kub\u00e1t K. et al. (eds.), Academia Praha,
\nNov\u00e1 Kv\u011btena \u010cSSR, vol. 2, Dost\u00e1l J. (1989), Academia, Praha<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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