{"id":303436,"date":"2024-04-09T20:46:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-09T19:46:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=303436"},"modified":"2024-04-09T20:46:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-09T19:46:08","slug":"dtest-co-trapi-ceske-spotrebitele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=303436","title":{"rendered":"dTest: Co tr\u00e1p\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitele?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6>Spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 po\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ochrany sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Evropsk\u00e9 instituce hled\u00ed na pr\u00e1va spot\u0159ebitel\u016f jako na jednu z hlavn\u00edch priorit a legislativn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj reaguje i na nov\u00e9 celospole\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 tato pr\u00e1va prakticky uplatnit, nebo pr\u00e1va v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b probl\u00e9mu existuj\u00ed jen \u201ena pap\u00ed\u0159e\u201c?<\/h6>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-131630 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/29\/logo-dtest-114x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"114\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/29\/logo-dtest-114x300.jpg 114w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/29\/logo-dtest.jpg 126w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 114px) 100vw, 114px\" \/>V Evropsk\u00e9 unii je zaji\u0161t\u011bn spole\u010dn\u00fd standard spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Z d\u00edlny evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed tak neust\u00e1le p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed nov\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy, je\u017e tato pr\u00e1va posiluj\u00ed. Instituce se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na prohlubov\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblasti reklamace zbo\u017e\u00ed, ale rovn\u011b\u017e pr\u00e1va spot\u0159ebitel\u016f p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Reaguj\u00ed tak na rozvoj generativn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence nebo t\u0159eba nov\u011b se objevuj\u00edc\u00edch nekal\u00fdch obchodn\u00ed praktik v oblasti takzvan\u00e9ho greenwashingu.<\/p>\n<p>\u201e<em>V\u00fdvoj v ochran\u011b pr\u00e1v spot\u0159ebitel\u016f je veskrze pozitivn\u00ed. M\u00e1 to v\u0161ak jeden h\u00e1\u010dek. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u00ed ze st\u00e1le robustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ochrany pr\u00e1v, na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 mus\u00ed existovat cesta, jak tato pr\u00e1va \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b uplatnit a vymoci. Zde je v\u0161ak k\u00e1men \u00farazu, a to zejm\u00e9na u drobn\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f, kter\u00fdch je v\u0161ak ve spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch sporech zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1, \u0159editelka spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace dTest.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee zatou\u017e\u00edte po n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b jednoho ze z\u00e1pas\u016f mistrovstv\u00ed sv\u011bta v hokeji. V ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed distribuci jsou vstupenky u\u017e vyprodan\u00e9. Vy se v\u0161ak nechcete vzd\u00e1t a l\u00edstek zakoup\u00edte od p\u0159ekupn\u00edka, jeho\u017e webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky p\u016fsob\u00ed jako v\u011brohodn\u00fd port\u00e1l. L\u00edstek neobdr\u017e\u00edte, obchodn\u00edk nekomunikuje. V takov\u00e9 situaci jste z pohledu pr\u00e1va teoreticky dob\u0159e chr\u00e1n\u011bni. M\u00e1te pr\u00e1vo odstoupit od smlouvy a po\u017eadovat vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zaplacen\u00e9 kupn\u00ed ceny. Jenom\u017ee obchodn\u00edk s v\u00e1mi odm\u00edt\u00e1 komunikovat. Co potom?<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eSpor se nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it mimosoudn\u011b. V\u00fdsledkem takov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u0161ak v dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pouze dobrovoln\u011b uzav\u0159en\u00e1 dohoda mezi podnikatelem a spot\u0159ebitelem. Nem\u00e1-li podnikatel z\u00e1jem dohodu uzav\u0159\u00edt, spot\u0159ebitel zde nepochod\u00ed a d\u00e1le mu zb\u00fdv\u00e1 u\u017e jen vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1v soudn\u00ed cestou,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje \u0159editelka dTestu Hek\u0161ov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h6>Co spot\u0159ebitele, kter\u00fd se rozhodne uplatnit svoje pr\u00e1va u soudu, zpravidla \u010dek\u00e1?<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00b7 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed znaleck\u00e9ho posudku (u levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zbo\u017e\u00ed samotn\u00e9),<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 soudn\u00ed poplatek (u drobn\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt op\u011bt \u010dasto vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vym\u00e1han\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka),<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb advok\u00e1ta,<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru 269 dn\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 nejist\u00fd v\u00fdsledek,<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 nav\u00edc \u010del\u00edte l\u00e9pe vybaven\u00e9mu soupe\u0159i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z toho je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inu spot\u0159ebitel\u016f n\u00e1klady a obt\u00ed\u017ee od soudn\u00edho vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed odrad\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h6>Co navrhuje dTest?<\/h6>\n<p>Alternativou ke zdlouhav\u00e9mu a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9mu soudn\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt mimosoudn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f p\u0159ed dozorov\u00fdm org\u00e1nem. Nev\u00fdhodu sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho nastaven\u00ed tohoto modelu v\u0161ak spat\u0159ujeme v tom, \u017ee zat\u00edmco v oblasti finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, elektronick\u00fdch komunikac\u00ed a energetiky mohou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00ed org\u00e1ny vyd\u00e1vat ve spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch sporech rozhodnut\u00ed, tedy nap\u0159\u00edklad ulo\u017eit podnikateli povinnosti vydat zaplacenou \u010d\u00e1stku, \u010cesk\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed inspekce takovou pravomoc nem\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eMezi spot\u0159ebitelem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad spor s dodavatelem energi\u00ed, a spot\u0159ebitelem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 spor s e-shopem, kter\u00fd mu nedodal zbo\u017e\u00ed, je tedy zna\u010dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl. Jeden se do\u010dk\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee si tak u\u0161et\u0159it soudn\u00ed p\u0159i, naopak druh\u00fd se mus\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b s podnikatelem dohodnout, nebo m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt od za\u010d\u00e1tku a d\u00e1l sv\u00e1 pr\u00e1va vym\u00e1hat soudn\u011b,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1 a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: <em>\u201eZ toho plyne, \u017ee zde vedle sebe existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody mimosoudn\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch spor\u016f, ani\u017e by pro takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup existoval n\u011bjak\u00fd z\u00e1sadn\u00ed d\u016fvod. To by se dle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru m\u011blo zm\u011bnit.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed by mohla nab\u00eddnout tak\u00e9 \u00faprava hromadn\u00fdch \u017ealob, je\u017e m\u00e1 b\u00fdt v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dnech projedn\u00e1na v Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b ve t\u0159et\u00edm \u010dten\u00ed. Ty toti\u017e maj\u00ed odstranit bari\u00e9ry pro spot\u0159ebitele a u\u0161et\u0159it n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s individu\u00e1ln\u00edm soudn\u00edm vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee spojuj\u00ed v\u00edce drobn\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f a \u017ealuj\u00ed se najednou. Tento n\u00e1stroj op\u011bt vych\u00e1z\u00ed z d\u00edlny evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed a dlu\u017eno dodat, \u017ee jsme p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd z\u00e1kon m\u011bli m\u00edt p\u0159ijat\u00fd nejpozd\u011bji od 25. prosince 2022, jak n\u00e1m na\u0159izuje evropsk\u00e1 sm\u011brnice.<\/p>\n<p>Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b projedn\u00e1van\u00fd n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o hromadn\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se v\u0161ak oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edm pokus\u016fm v\u00fdrazn\u011b odkl\u00e1n\u00ed od napln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f vyty\u010den\u00fdch sm\u011brnic\u00ed o z\u00e1stupn\u00fdch \u017ealob\u00e1ch. <em>\u201eP\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm upu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed od odhla\u0161ovac\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a p\u0159enesen\u00ed pr\u00e1va pod\u00e1vat hromadnou \u017ealobu v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b na spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace bez zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1ruk pro tyto organizace nenasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 z\u00edskaj\u00ed \u00fa\u010deln\u00fd a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, je\u017e by v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161il jejich postaven\u00ed z hlediska vymahatelnosti pr\u00e1va,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1, \u0159editelka spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace dTest<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nedostatky jsme v minulosti upozor\u0148ovali i v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dtest.cz\/clanek-10710\/dtest-upozornili-jsme-v-otevrenem-dopise-poslance-na-mezery-v-navrhu-zakona-o-hromadnem-rizeni?order-by=1&amp;order-dir=2&amp;subscribe_type%5B0%5D=10%22%27%60--&amp;subscribe_hash=e3d295d086db7f2d1ed7b477870438a5%27f2121121121212.1&amp;list=1&amp;hledat%5Bvyskyt%5D=19&amp;hledat%5Bkategorie%5D=1&amp;subscribe=944&amp;section=23&amp;type=2&amp;do=page&amp;utm_source=newsletter082015_CZND&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;newsletter_id=1826&amp;email_id=245112&amp;email_hash=96f16ad72f2698950ca98c71802ce19a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>otev\u0159en\u00e9m dopise<\/strong><\/a> adresovan\u00e9m poslanc\u016fm. Z tohoto pohledu lze usuzovat, \u017ee pokud se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu t\u0159et\u00edho \u010dten\u00ed neobjev\u00ed pozm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1kon v\u00fdznamn\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed, bude jej v budoucnu za \u00fa\u010delem vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v spot\u0159ebitel\u016f nutn\u00e9 podstatn\u011b revidovat.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 maj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky k tomuto t\u00e9matu, mohou se obr\u00e1tit na bezplatnou spot\u0159ebitelskou poradnu dTestu, a to elektronicky na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dtest.cz\/spotrebitelska-poradna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>www.dtest.cz\/spotrebitelska-poradna<\/strong><\/a> nebo telefonicky na \u010d\u00edslo 299 149 009.<\/p>\n<p><strong>dTest<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 po\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":303438,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/09\/ram-dtest.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/303436"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=303436"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/303436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":303437,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/303436\/revisions\/303437"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/303438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=303436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=303436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=303436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}