{"id":302459,"date":"2025-04-20T20:22:24","date_gmt":"2025-04-20T19:22:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=302459"},"modified":"2025-04-20T20:22:24","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T19:22:24","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-historie-pomlazky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=302459","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Historie poml\u00e1zky"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Stejn\u011b jako v\u011bt\u0161ina p\u0159ekr\u00e1sn\u00fdch velikono\u010dn\u00edch zvyk\u016f i poml\u00e1zka nese p\u0159edlouhou tradici a jej\u00ed poselstv\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem s Bo\u017e\u00edm hodem velikono\u010dn\u00edm jako na zavolanou. Tak se poj\u010fme spole\u010dn\u011b pod\u00edvat, odkud tato nesmrteln\u00e1 tradice poch\u00e1z\u00ed a jak koledovali na\u0161i mil\u00ed p\u0159edci.<\/h6>\n

Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednka o poml\u00e1zce poch\u00e1z\u00ed ji\u017e z roku 1453 a ozna\u010duje ob\u0159adn\u00ed \u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed o Velikono\u010dn\u00edm pond\u011bl\u00ed. Tento oby\u010dej nese mnoho nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch krajov\u00fdch pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed: n\u011bkde jej zvou dynova\u010dka (Bo\u017eena N\u011bmcov\u00e1) nebo \u0161merkust, jinde zase mrskot, \u0161laha\u010dka \u010di ko\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 mu\u017esk\u00e9 hodova\u010dka za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ji\u017e o p\u016flnoci na Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed. Ml\u00e1denci r\u00e1mus\u00ed po vsi a sna\u017e\u00ed se zastihnout d\u00edvku je\u0161t\u011b na l\u016f\u017eku, aby ji pr\u00fd blechy ne\u0161t\u00edpaly. Toulaj\u00ed se noc\u00ed, hlu\u010d\u00ed a pop\u00edjej\u00ed po dom\u00e1cnostech. \u0160lehaj\u00ed neboh\u00e9 d\u00edvky proutky, a dokonce je pol\u00e9vaj\u00ed i studenou vodou z potoka. D\u00edvky v\u0161ak vy\u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e1dy p\u0159ijmou, proto\u017ee v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee je m\u00e1 omladit a zkr\u00e1\u0161lit. Zkr\u00e1tka jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eKomu se o Velikonoc\u00edch vy\u0161leh\u00e1, nedostane pra\u0161iviny.\u201c<\/p>\n

Poml\u00e1zka toti\u017e byla z\u00e1bava nesm\u00edrn\u011b rozpustil\u00e1 a hlavn\u011b erotick\u00e1. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se j\u00ed tak\u00e9 c\u00edrkev sna\u017eila zak\u00e1zat nebo j\u00ed alespo\u0148 zm\u011bnit tak, aby l\u00e9pe odpov\u00eddala p\u0159edstav\u00e1m c\u00edrkevn\u00edch autorit. Vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed mlad\u00fdch d\u00edvek nem\u00e1 s k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00edm ani judaismem nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Nikdy jinde ve sv\u011bt\u011b tato tradice nem\u00e1 obdoby krom\u011b zem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy. P\u016fvod poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze slovansk\u00e9 zvyklosti p\u0159ed\u00e1vat novou m\u00edzu, novou krev, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zelen\u00e9 ratolesti nebo proutk\u016f. Z toho z\u0159ejm\u011b vznikla poml\u00e1zka.<\/p>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1va o poml\u00e1zce poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Postily student\u016f pra\u017esk\u00fdch kazatele Konr\u00e1da Waldhausera z roku 1369. V t\u00e9 je uvedeno \u017ee na Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed a t\u00e9\u017e na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fater\u00fd se man\u017eel\u00e9 a milenci vz\u00e1jemn\u011b mrskaj\u00ed a pl\u00e1caj\u00ed metlami i rukou, ale tak\u00e9 h\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed do vody \u010di pol\u00e9vaj\u00ed. Waldhauser a takt\u00e9\u017e Jan Hus uv\u00e1d\u011bli \u017ee \u017eeny mrskaly pruty \u010di bily rukama sv\u00e9 mu\u017ee aby o veliko\u010dn\u00edm pond\u011bl\u00ed nevy\u017eadovali pohlavn\u00ed styk, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e podle Husa jim to v \u00fater\u00fd m\u011bli mu\u017ei vracet. Zvyk v 15. stolet\u00ed zm\u00ednil tak\u00e9 kazatel Jan Rokycana, podle kter\u00e9ho se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b \u0161vihali pacholci a d\u00edvky. Poml\u00e1zku zm\u00ednil v roce 1610 tak\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159 Guarinoni. Podle jeho zpr\u00e1vy se v Praze o Velikonoc\u00edch prod\u00e1valy barevn\u00e9 pentle a mu\u017ei v\u0161ech vrstev \u0161lehali d\u00edvky po ramenou a po\u017eadovali za to vejce \u010di dokonce pohlavn\u00ed styk. V \u00fater\u00fd m\u011bly \u017eeny mu\u017e\u016fm \u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed vracet.<\/p>\n

Poml\u00e1zka p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pr\u00fd domu \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, ov\u0161em jenom, kter\u00e1 prvn\u00ed je tam p\u0159inesena. Proto hospodyn\u011b hocha, kter\u00fd prvn\u00ed s n\u00ed p\u0159ijde, sama zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u0161t\u011bd\u0159e obdaruje, a kdy\u017e d\u011bv\u010data nevyhnuteln\u00e9 \u0161lehy dostala, b\u00e9\u0159e mu poml\u00e1zku z rukou, jde do chl\u00e9va a tam j\u00ed po\u0161leh\u00e1 v\u0161echny kr\u00e1vy, aby se \u00bbpomladily\u00ab. D\u011bv\u010data d\u00e1vaj\u00ed hoch\u016fm poml\u00e1zky oby\u010dejn\u011b po kraslici, co\u017e dnes se pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 ji\u017e jen jaksi za v\u00fdkup od \u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed, kde\u017eto druhdy byla to zajist\u00e9 odm\u011bna za \u00fa\u010dinek, kter\u00fd \u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed sp\u016fsobovalo.<\/p>\n

Prvky magick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed se prom\u00edtaly i do osudu pleten\u00e9 poml\u00e1zky, kdy\u017e koleda kon\u010dila. Poml\u00e1zky se sto\u010den\u00e9 do kruhu odhazovaly p\u0159es hlavu na st\u0159echu, nebo se h\u00e1zely do ohn\u011b \u010di pou\u0161t\u011bly po vod\u011b. Ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech \u0161lo o magick\u00fd symbol odvracen\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho a negativn\u00edho. Oby\u010dej \u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed pruty se vyskytuje i v Rakousku a v N\u011bmecku, jen se tam nepoj\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edmo s Velikono\u010dn\u00edm pond\u011bl\u00edm, ale s jin\u00fdmi sv\u00e1tky, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b s koncem masopustu a s Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou.<\/p>\n

Co z toho v\u0161eho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1? Poml\u00e1zky nen\u00ed t\u0159eba se b\u00e1t, pokud k n\u00ed jev\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edcnost ob\u011b strany. Nejde o symbol n\u00e1sil\u00ed, p\u016fvodn\u011b je naopak sp\u00ed\u0161 symbolem p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed dlouh\u00e9ho \u017eivota, zdrav\u00ed a s\u00edly. A p\u0159\u00e1t si t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem tak\u00e9 mohou ob\u011b strany, budou-li cht\u00edt. Jde jen o to respektovat se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b a vyj\u00edt si vst\u0159\u00edc.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> SYNEK, Franti\u0161ek. Mrskat o Velikonoc\u00edch k\u00e1zal u\u017e Jan Hus Z \u010das\u016f d\u00e1vn\u00fdch i na\u0161ich – 1893, autor F. V. Vykoukal<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Stejn\u011b <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":343305,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20\/ram-historie-pomlazky.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302459"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=302459"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":343306,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302459\/revisions\/343306"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/343305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=302459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=302459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=302459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}