{"id":302093,"date":"2025-04-15T17:27:56","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T16:27:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=302093"},"modified":"2025-04-16T11:14:14","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T10:14:14","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-skareda-streda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=302093","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u016fzn\u00e1 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed dne v polovin\u011b Svat\u00e9ho nebo Pa\u0161ijov\u00e9ho t\u00fddne sahaj\u00ed do d\u00e1vn\u00e9 historie. Uchovaly se n\u00e1zvy jako \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda, Sazometn\u00e1 st\u0159eda nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010cern\u00e1 st\u0159eda. V tento den je v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1na Jid\u00e1\u0161ova zrada \u2013 tedy jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno velmi o\u0161kliv\u00fd, \u0161kared\u00fd \u010din, proto \u0161kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda.<\/h6>\n

Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Sazometn\u00e1 st\u0159eda se objevuje u\u017e p\u0159ed rokem 1500, a to v n\u00e1zvu k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed Jakoubka ze St\u0159\u00edbra. \u201ev Sazemetn\u00fa st\u0159edu naz\u00fdv\u00e1 se st\u0159eda p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem, pon\u011bvad\u017e \u010cechov\u00e9 v ten den vymet\u00e1vali saze z kom\u00edna za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f velikono\u010dn\u00edch.\u201c On\u00edm vymet\u00e1n\u00edm saz\u00ed m\u00ednili lid\u00e9, \u017ee vyh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed ze staven\u00ed zl\u00e9 s\u00edly a ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. V dom\u011b, kde nebyly saze vymeteny, se usadily nemoci a jeho obyvatel\u00e9 nebyli cel\u00fd n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok \u0161\u0165astni.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda je pro k\u0159es\u0165any prvn\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm dnem tzv. Pa\u0161ijov\u00e9ho t\u00fddne, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 posledn\u00ed chv\u00edle Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda je p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou dne, kdy Jid\u00e1\u0161 I\u0161kariotsk\u00fd, jeden z dvan\u00e1cti Kristov\u00fdch u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f, zradil Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. Znaj\u00ed ho i ti, kdo v \u017eivot\u011b nevzali Bibli do ruky. Jid\u00e1\u0161em dodnes ozna\u010dujeme podl\u00e9ho zr\u00e1dce, v\u011brolomn\u00e9ho, bezcharaktern\u00edho a fale\u0161n\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. Dodnes p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Jid\u00e1\u0161\u016fv \u010din \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda, \u00fadajn\u011b den, kdy Jid\u00e1\u0161 za t\u0159icet \u0161ekel\u016f st\u0159\u00edbra Krista prodal farizej\u016fm.<\/p>\n

(M\u016f\u017eeme tedy s velkou jistotou \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee t\u011bch 30 st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch byly st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 \u0161ekely a jejich hodnota se rovnala 120 din\u00e1r\u016fm. \u0160ekely byly st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 mince vysok\u00e9 ryzosti v kovu ra\u017een\u00e9m v Tyru, v dne\u0161n\u00edm Libanonu, a pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli t\u00e9to ryzosti to byly jedin\u00e9 mince, spolu s p\u016fl\u0161ekelem, kter\u00e9 byly v \u0160alamounov\u011b chr\u00e1mu p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ny jako plat\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159edek v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b dob\u011b. St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd \u0161ekel m\u011bl hodnotu 4 din\u00e1r\u016f, \u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobek hodnoty denn\u00edho platu v 1. stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu, a za tuto \u010d\u00e1stku si \u010dlov\u011bk mohl koupit zhruba p\u016fl litru levn\u00e9ho v\u00edna, d\u00e1le litr olivov\u00e9ho oleje, dva bochn\u00edky chleba a je\u0161t\u011b tuniku. \u0160ekel v\u00e1\u017eil m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e p\u016fl unce st\u0159\u00edbra, m\u011bl tedy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 16 gram\u016f, a dnes by m\u011bl hodnotu mezi 400 a 500 dolary na z\u00e1klad\u011b sm\u011bnn\u00e9ho kurzu k din\u00e1ru. A tak by dnes (ov\u0161em jen p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b) 30 st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch minc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Jid\u00e1\u0161 vzal, aby zradil Krista, m\u011blo sou\u010dasnou hodnotu asi 15 000 eur. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, za t\u0159icet st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch se v t\u00e9 dob\u011b dalo koupit dobr\u00e9ho otroka. )<\/p>\n

Zrada tohoto Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova u\u010dedn\u00edka spo\u010d\u00edvala v tom, \u017ee v Getsemansk\u00e9 zahrad\u011b p\u0159istoupil k Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi a pol\u00edbil ho, \u010d\u00edm\u017e jej identifikoval pro pochopy, kte\u0159\u00ed jej p\u0159i\u0161li zatknout.<\/p>\n

Podle pov\u011bry se na \u0160karedou st\u0159edu lid\u00e9 nem\u011bli mra\u010dit, aby dal\u0161\u00ed rok nem\u011bli zamra\u010den\u00e9 a \u0161kared\u00e9 v\u0161echny st\u0159edy. Lep\u0161\u00ed je tedy zatnout zuby a v\u0161echny nep\u0159\u00edjemnosti a povinnosti zvl\u00e1dnout s \u00fasm\u011bvem a dobrou n\u00e1ladou, abyste se jednodu\u0161e nepodobali hanebn\u00e9mu Jid\u00e1\u0161ovi. V\u0161echny stesky a spl\u00edny \u0161lo nav\u00edc zapla\u0161it t\u0159eba tradi\u010dn\u00edm vymet\u00e1n\u00edm kom\u00edna po zimn\u00edm vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, odtud zase plyne ozna\u010den\u00ed Sazometn\u00e1 nebo Smetn\u00e1. Se sazemi a jejich barvou pak pro p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edu zlidov\u011bl n\u00e1zev \u010cern\u00e1 st\u0159eda. Vymeten\u00ed kom\u00edna znamenalo vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed zl\u00fdch sil a ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed ze staven\u00ed, aby v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce nemohly lidem v dom\u011b \u0161kodit a v\u0161ichni tak byli \u0161\u0165astn\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed. Na \u0160karedou st\u0159edu se nem\u011blo j\u00edst maso ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 tu\u010dn\u00e1 a honosn\u00e1 j\u00eddla. V tento den bylo zvykem p\u0159ipravit \u201e\u0161kared\u00e9 j\u00eddlo\u201c. V\u011bt\u0161inou \u0161lo o bramborov\u00e9 nebo jin\u00e9 placky, r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u201etrhance, jednodu\u0161e pokrmy, kter\u00e9 na tal\u00ed\u0159i vypadaly neupraven\u011b. \u010casto to byl pr\u00e1v\u011b brambor\u00e1k, kter\u00fd se natrhal na kusy, aby nevypadal dob\u0159e, i kdy\u017e dob\u0159e chutnal.<\/p>\n

Ke \u0160kared\u00e9 st\u0159ed\u011b se v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 pranostiky, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, jak\u00e1 bude ten rok \u00faroda. Tak tedy Kdy\u017e o \u010cern\u00e9 st\u0159ed\u011b h\u0159m\u00ed, na poli se urod\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed z nich prav\u00ed, \u017ee na Smetnou st\u0159edu set\u00fd b\u00fdv\u00e1 kr\u00e1sn\u00fd len. Na z\u00e1v\u011br snad jen p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed, abyste si u\u017eili \u0160karedou st\u0159edu s \u00fasm\u011bvem od ucha k uchu a nem\u011bli tak ty n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159edy v roce zakabon\u011bn\u00e9. Na \u0160karedou st\u0159edu se ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b v podve\u010der pekly jid\u00e1\u0161e. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed pe\u010divo je ze sladk\u00e9ho kynut\u00e9ho t\u011bsta a motalo se do tvaru smy\u010dky. T\u00edm se p\u0159ipom\u00ednala symbolika Jid\u00e1\u0161ovy smrti, kter\u00fd se pod t\u00edhou zrady ob\u011bsil. Tento pokrm se v\u0161ak mohl j\u00edst a\u017e n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Neakriti, Iefimerida, Anagnostis Michal Dvo\u0159\u00e1\u010dek Ott\u016fv slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd 1\u201328, Praha 1888\u20131909, sv. 20, s. 225, d\u00e1le OtSN.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  R\u016fzn\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":342926,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/15\/ram-skareda-streda.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302093"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=302093"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302093\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":342925,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302093\/revisions\/342925"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/342926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=302093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=302093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=302093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}