{"id":301193,"date":"2025-03-19T19:08:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T18:08:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=301193"},"modified":"2025-03-19T19:09:14","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T18:09:14","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-prvni-jarni-den","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=301193","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Prvn\u00ed jarn\u00ed den"},"content":{"rendered":"

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A je tady prvn\u00ed jarn\u00ed den na kter\u00fd jsme se t\u011b\u0161ili……Tich\u00e1 \u0161umavsk\u00e1 krajina po zimn\u00edm odpo\u010dinku pomalu odkl\u00e1d\u00e1 sv\u016fj b\u00edl\u00fd h\u00e1v, kter\u00fd si v horn\u00edch parti\u00edch ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dasto a\u017e do kv\u011btna. Zur\u010div\u00e9 pram\u00ednky sycen\u00e9 taj\u00edc\u00edm sn\u011bhem sp\u011bchaj\u00ed dol\u016f do \u00fadol\u00ed, kde se s prvn\u00edmi h\u0159ejiv\u00fdmi paprsky jarn\u00edho slunce probouz\u00ed v\u0161e \u017eiv\u00e9.<\/h6>\n

Existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee jarn\u00ed rovnodennost slavili u\u017e Keltov\u00e9, Germ\u00e1ni, M\u00e1jov\u00e9, \u0158ekov\u00e9 nebo \u0158\u00edman\u00e9. Je\u0161t\u011b ve druh\u00e9m a\u017e t\u0159et\u00edm tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem byla jarn\u00ed rovnodennost pova\u017eov\u00e1na za za\u010d\u00e1tek roku. V z\u00e1to\u010din\u011b cesty sv\u00edt\u00ed bo\u017e\u00ed muka jako b\u00edl\u00e1 panna. Na hr\u00e1z\u00edch rybn\u00edk\u016f \u0161um\u00ed v\u011bkovit\u00e9 duby. \u0158eka Otava rozd\u00e1v\u00e1 luk\u00e1m svou sv\u011b\u017eest. Zem\u011b selsk\u00fdch tradic \u2013 Po\u0161umav\u00ed. Krajina rovin i kopc\u016f, les\u016f i pol\u00ed, rybn\u00edk\u016f i skal, pestr\u00e1 jako osudy zdej\u0161\u00edch obyvatel. Sv\u011bt na mal\u00e9 dlani podan\u00e9 k p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Oslavy prvn\u00edho jarn\u00edho dne spoj\u00edme s vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm o jarn\u00ed setb\u011b. V\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed jara spad\u00e1 k druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b b\u0159ezna, kdy lid\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edlet pt\u00e1k\u016f. Ti se po dlouh\u00e9 zim\u011b navrac\u00ed zp\u011bt do sv\u00fdch hn\u00edzdi\u0161\u0165 z \u201er\u00e1je\u201c, kde p\u0159eb\u00fdvaly pomalu p\u016fl roku. Na sv\u00fdch k\u0159\u00eddlech nesou p\u0159edzv\u011bst bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edho se jara a na \u010d\u00ed pole se pt\u00e1ci snesli jako na prvn\u00ed, tomu m\u011bli dob\u0159\u00ed duchov\u00e9 v dan\u00e9m roce dop\u0159\u00e1t zdar a bohatou \u00farodu. Doklady z lidov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed o tom, \u017ee hospodyn\u011b p\u0159i t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pekly ob\u0159adn\u00ed pe\u010divo z nekva\u0161en\u00e9ho t\u011bsta v podob\u011b mal\u00fdch pt\u00e1\u010dk\u016f, snad sk\u0159iv\u00e1nk\u016f, pomoc\u00ed nich\u017e p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mal\u00e9 d\u011bti p\u0159ivol\u00e1valy z vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch m\u00edst o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 jaro.<\/p>\n

D\u0159\u00edve byla setba v tradi\u010dn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm ob\u0159adem. Rozs\u00e9va\u010d rozs\u00e9val obil\u00ed z plachty p\u0159ehozen\u00e9 p\u0159es ruku. \u0158\u00edkalo se, \u017ee dob\u0159e a v prav\u00fd \u010das zaset\u00e9 semeno je z\u00e1kladem dobr\u00e9 \u00farody. Po oset\u00ed se pole r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby chr\u00e1nila, nap\u0159\u00edklad pruty ko\u010di\u010dek, zelen\u00fdmi ratolestmi nebo kouskem mazance.<\/p>\n

Jako ochrana proti pt\u00e1k\u016fm platilo, \u017ee p\u0159i set\u00ed nesm\u011bl sedl\u00e1k j\u00edst ani mluvit a pod jazykem dr\u017eel t\u0159i zrnka, kter\u00e1 pak rozs\u00e9va\u010d vyplivl jako \u00falitbu pt\u00e1k\u016fm, aby ostatn\u00ed zrno nechali na pokoji. Magick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek se tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipisoval zam\u010den\u00e9mu z\u00e1mku, kter\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159 hodil do pole, a t\u00edm se zamkly i zob\u00e1ky pt\u00e1k\u016fm. Pro v\u00fdnosy v\u0161ech plodin bylo prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, kdy\u017e si \u017eeny lehaly do br\u00e1zd nebo se v\u00e1lely v oset\u00e9m poli. P\u0159i set\u00ed lnu a konop\u00ed v\u0161ak musely vysoko vyskakovat, aby vyrostly vysok\u00e9 rostliny a jejich stonky m\u011bly dlouh\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. P\u0159i s\u00e1zen\u00ed zel\u00ed nosily \u017eeny na hlav\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd \u0161\u00e1tek, aby m\u011bli velk\u00e9 hl\u00e1vky. V\u011b\u0159ilo se v magickou moc kruhu. Osivo se m\u011blo prospat kruhem z prutu, prstenem nebo alespo\u0148 nohavicemi od kalhot. P\u0159i kontrole se pole obch\u00e1zelo do kruhu, kter\u00fd m\u011bl pos\u00edlit \u00farodu a ochr\u00e1nit ji p\u0159ed v\u0161emi \u0161k\u016fdci. Kruh se musel ud\u011blat nedokon\u010den\u00fd, aby my\u0161i a zaj\u00edci m\u011bli kudy ut\u00e9ct.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm a cenn\u00fdm ritu\u00e1lem byla ochrana kl\u00ed\u010d\u00edc\u00edch semen v zemi, kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165ovala budouc\u00ed \u00farodu, stejn\u011b tak jako vzpom\u00ednka na zem\u0159el\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli vn\u00edm\u00e1ni jako ochr\u00e1nci budouc\u00ed \u00farody. Nechyb\u011bla ani ob\u0159adn\u00ed jarn\u00ed o\u010dista, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se lid\u00e9 \u0161lehali zelen\u00fdmi ratolestmi a pol\u00e9vali pramenitou \u017eivou vodou.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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