{"id":298747,"date":"2025-02-24T09:35:50","date_gmt":"2025-02-24T08:35:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=298747"},"modified":"2025-02-24T09:35:50","modified_gmt":"2025-02-24T08:35:50","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-tradice-svateho-mateje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=298747","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Tradice svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Dnes je svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje, kudy se hlas m\u016fj rozleje, a\u0165 v\u0161ude ovoce hojn\u011b je! P\u00e1n B\u016fh ra\u010d n\u00e1m d\u00e1ti, abychom m\u011bli co trhati: jablka, hru\u0161ky, kadl\u00e1tka, a\u0165 je toho pln\u00e1 zahr\u00e1dka.<\/em><\/h6>\n

Podle legendy se svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj narodil v m\u011bst\u011b Betl\u00e9m\u011b a poch\u00e1zel ze z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00e9 a dob\u0159e postaven\u00e9 rodiny. Hluboce tou\u017eil po p\u0159\u00edchodu spasitele, kter\u00e9ho spat\u0159il v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i Kristu. P\u0159ipojil se tedy k jeho 72 u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016fm a prov\u00e1zel ho od k\u0159tu v \u0159ece Jord\u00e1n, p\u0159es uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e k slavn\u00e9mu zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed. Po Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b nanebevstoupen\u00ed bylo pot\u0159eba zvolit nov\u00e9ho apo\u0161tola, kter\u00fd by nahradil Jid\u00e1\u0161e, kter\u00fd Krista zradil a opustil. Do u\u017e\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdb\u011bru postoupili dva \u2013 Josef zvan\u00fd Barab\u00e1s a svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj \u2013 mezi nimi\u017e m\u011bl rozhodnout los. \u0160t\u011bst\u00ed se usm\u00e1lo na Mat\u011bje, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je dodnes vz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako svat\u00fd, kter\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bku vede ruku p\u0159i volb\u011b losem.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj je patronem \u0159ezn\u00edk\u016f, stava\u0159\u016f, cukr\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kov\u00e1\u0159\u016f, krej\u010d\u00edch, ml\u00e1de\u017ee a p\u0159\u00edrody, je ochr\u00e1ncem lid\u00ed proti \u010dern\u00e9mu ka\u0161li a ne\u0161tovic\u00edm, je vz\u00fdv\u00e1n p\u0159i man\u017eelsk\u00e9 neplodnosti. A tak\u00e9 je spojov\u00e1v\u00e1n se \u0161t\u011bst\u00edm, spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm a z\u00e1rukou \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 ruky p\u0159i losov\u00e1n\u00ed. Je symbolem jara a lid\u00e9 ho pros\u00ed o bohatou \u00farodu. B\u00fdv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji zobrazovan\u00fd se sekyrou, kamen\u00edm \u010di kop\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zvykem na den sv. Mat\u011bje bylo obch\u00e1zen\u00ed zahrad p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce prov\u00e1zen\u00e9 magick\u00fdmi \u00fakony, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly ovlivnit \u00farodu. Na tento den brzy r\u00e1no obe\u0161el hospod\u00e1\u0159 v zahrad\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd strom a t\u0159\u00e1sl j\u00edm, aby byla bohat\u00e1 \u00faroda a aby se stromy probudily ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku. Lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 klepali do kmen\u016f d\u0159evem a prosili sv. Mat\u011bje, aby ochr\u00e1nil stromy p\u0159ed mrazy a zajistil tak dostatek ovoce.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce chodily (v\u011bt\u0161inou bos\u00e9) d\u011bti do sad\u016f a zahrad, kde t\u0159\u00e1sly stromy, tloukly do nich klacky a va\u0159e\u010dkami, lezly po nich a hlasit\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00edm vz\u00fdvaly svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje, aby ochr\u00e1nil stromy a hlavn\u011b jejich kv\u011bty p\u0159ed mrazem a zajistil bohatou \u00farodu ovoce a o\u0159ech\u016f. D\u011bti za odm\u011bnu nach\u00e1zely v sadech jabl\u00ed\u010dka a su\u0161en\u00e9 ovoce. V\u0161ude tam, kam se doneslo svatomat\u011bjsk\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 s modlitbou za bohatou \u00farodu \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad Pros\u00edm, pros\u00edm svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje, n\u00e1m a\u0165 ovoce hojn\u011b dop\u0159eje, kamkoliv v zahrad\u011b hlas m\u016fj se rozleje nebo Na svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje kudy ten hlas obejde, ovoce v\u0161ude hojnost bude \u2013 m\u011bly b\u00fdt stromy chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 a hlavn\u011b plodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v \u00farodn\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch oblastech b\u00fdvalo zvykem, \u017ee se na sv. Mat\u011bje d\u011blala jak\u00e1si zkou\u0161ka kl\u00ed\u010divosti obil\u00ed \u2013 r\u00e1no, v poledne a ve\u010der se vyselo zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 do t\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1dob po hrsti obil\u00ed, a kter\u00e9 vze\u0161lo prvn\u00ed, to bylo nejlep\u0161\u00ed pro jarn\u00ed v\u00fdsev na pole.
\nVe\u010der se lid\u00e9 h\u0159\u00e1li u kamen a k tomu si i trochu zav\u011b\u0161tili. Nap\u0159\u00edklad l\u00edstky b\u0159e\u010d\u0165anu dali na noc do misky s vodou, a jestli\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00fd z nich do r\u00e1na zm\u011bkl, pova\u017eovali to za \u0161patn\u00e9 znamen\u00ed \u2013 byla to p\u0159edzv\u011bst ne\u00farody nebo nemoci v rodin\u011b.<\/p>\n

V\u011b\u0161tilo se i po\u010das\u00ed: p\u0159es noc nechali venku viset hadr a r\u00e1no z jeho stavu vyvozovali, jak\u00fd bude konec zimy. Byl-li ru\u010dn\u00edk jen mokr\u00fd, v\u011b\u0159ili \u017ee p\u0159ijde tepl\u00e9 jaro. Pokud ov\u0161em zmrzl, zima se je\u0161t\u011b sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy nevzdala. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce byl hadr promrzl\u00fd, t\u00edm studen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jaro m\u011blo b\u00fdt a del\u0161\u00ed \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na n\u011bj.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj nebyl popul\u00e1rn\u00ed jen na venkov\u011b, ale i ve m\u011bst\u011b. Jeho jm\u00e9no nese nejstar\u0161\u00ed, nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e1 pou\u0165. Je prvn\u00ed nejenom v \u010cech\u00e1ch, ale snad v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Pou\u0165 je spjat\u00e1 s putov\u00e1n\u00edm a v Praze se putovalo ke kostelu sv. Mat\u011bje do Dejvic, poprv\u00e9 je o pouti ke sv. Mat\u011bji zm\u00ednka z roku 1595. P\u016fvodn\u00ed kostel nechal postavit roku 971 kn\u00ed\u017ee Boleslav II. z vd\u011b\u010dnosti, \u017ee na tomto m\u00edst\u011b vyv\u00e1zl se zdravou k\u016f\u017e\u00ed p\u0159i napaden\u00ed medv\u011bdem. Jedna pov\u011bst \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee kn\u00ed\u017eeti pomohl svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj, jin\u00e1, \u017ee medv\u011bd byl ocho\u010den\u00fd a jeho majitel se jmenoval Mat\u011bj.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> RAVIK, Slavomir Velk\u00e1 kniha sv\u011btc\u016f 1. vyd. Praha: Regia, 2002, 678 str., ISBN 978-80-86367-24-x SPOLEK AUTOR\u016e, Lidov\u00e1 kultura \u2013 n\u00e1rodopisn\u00e1 encyklopedie \u010cech, Moravy a Slezska 1. vyd. Praha: Mlad\u00e1 fronta, 2007, 636 str., ISBN 978-80-2041-712-1 VE\u010cERKOV\u00c1, Eva Oby\u010deje a slavnosti v \u010desk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e 1. vyd. Praha: Vy\u0161ehrad, 2015, 512str. ISBN 978-80-7429-627-7<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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