{"id":295869,"date":"2024-01-29T16:12:06","date_gmt":"2024-01-29T15:12:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=295869"},"modified":"2024-01-30T15:33:17","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T14:33:17","slug":"sumava-pase-se-jelen-tam-kde-vlk-lovi-vedci-zkoumaji-vliv-vlku-na-horsky-ekosystem-sumavy-bavorskeho-lesa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=295869","title":{"rendered":"\u0160UMAVA: Pase se jelen tam, kde vlk lov\u00ed? V\u011bdci zkoumaj\u00ed vliv vlk\u016f na horsk\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m \u0160umavy\/Bavorsk\u00e9ho lesa"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Jak se chovaj\u00ed jelen evropsk\u00fd, srnec obecn\u00fd a prase divok\u00e9 \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v oblasti, kde se pohybuj\u00ed vlci? Vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se zv\u011b\u0159 m\u00edst\u016fm, kde je vysok\u00e9 riziko, \u017ee se stane ko\u0159ist\u00ed? A jak to v\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku ovliv\u0148uje vegetaci, a t\u00edm i obnovu lesa? Tyto ot\u00e1zky zkoum\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edlet\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd projekt \u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 univerzity v Praze a spr\u00e1v n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f \u0160umava a Bavorsk\u00fd les spolufinancovan\u00fd z prost\u0159edk\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie z programu Interreg Bavorsko \u2013 \u010cesko 2021\u20132027.<\/strong><\/h6>\n

\"\"\u201e\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd n\u00e1vrat vlk\u016f do \u010ceska a Bavorska v posledn\u00edch letech m\u00e1me pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e zdokumentovan\u00fd,<\/em>\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161itel projektu Ale\u0161 Vorel z Fakulty \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 univerzity v Praze.\u00a0\u201ePostr\u00e1d\u00e1me ale v\u011bdeck\u00e1 data o ekologick\u00e9m vlivu vlk\u016f na p\u0159\u00edrodu, kter\u00e1 je dnes pod siln\u00fdm tlakem vysok\u00fdch stav\u016f populac\u00ed srnce obecn\u00e9ho a jelena evropsk\u00e9ho.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00edlem v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho projektu je tuto situaci napravit. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat \u00fadaje o vztahu vlk\u016f a jejich ko\u0159isti, je t\u0159eba nejprve zjistit, kde se tito \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 vyskytuj\u00ed. K tomu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik metod. Krom\u011b monitoringu za pomoci fotopast\u00ed a monitoringu pobytov\u00fdch zn\u00e1mek byli v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku \u0160umava v\u00a0minulosti opat\u0159eni \u010dty\u0159i vlci GPS obojky. Nyn\u00ed, ji\u017e v r\u00e1mci projektu, se v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku \u0160umava poda\u0159ilo obojkovat dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i vlky.\u00a0Tyto aktivity budou jako sou\u010d\u00e1st projektu pokra\u010dovat i v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch letech.\u00a0\u201eD\u00edky tomu je mo\u017en\u00e9 pochopit teritori\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy vlk\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 naj\u00edt vl\u010d\u00ed ko\u0159isti a podrobn\u011b analyzovat pohyb ozna\u010den\u00fdch jedinc\u016f,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0vysv\u011btluje Ale\u0161 Vorel. Krom\u011b toho se k\u00a0ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00fdch vztah\u016f a slo\u017een\u00ed potravy sb\u00edraj\u00ed a analyzuj\u00ed vzorky trusu. I tyto genetick\u00e9 metody jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkem ve studiu populace vlk\u016f a rozkr\u00fdvaj\u00ed vztahy mezi sme\u010dkami vlk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Fotopasti zase pom\u00e1haj\u00ed vyvodit z\u00e1v\u011bry o popula\u010dn\u00ed hustot\u011b a prostorov\u00e9m rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed sp\u00e1rkat\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e.\u00a0\u201eV\u00fdsledky porovn\u00e1v\u00e1me s \u00fadaji z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch let a m\u016f\u017eeme tak zjistit, zda n\u00e1vrat vlk\u016f p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed populace jelen\u00ed zv\u011b\u0159e,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0informuje Tom\u00e1\u0161 Peterka, odborn\u00fd garant projektu ze Spr\u00e1vy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava. Opat\u0159eni obojky budou krom\u011b vlk\u016f i jedinci jelena evropsk\u00e9ho.\u00a0\u201eO jelenech v t\u00e9to oblasti m\u00e1me k dispozici GPS data z posledn\u00edch dvaceti let. M\u016f\u017eeme tedy i pomoc\u00ed t\u00e9to metody vyvodit z\u00e1v\u011bry o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00ed jelen\u016f v d\u016fsledku n\u00e1vratu vrcholov\u00e9ho pred\u00e1tora.\u201c<\/em>\u00a0Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou je, zda se jeleni vyskytuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v oblastech, kde najdou kvalitn\u00ed potravu, nebo zda jsou kv\u016fli n\u00e1vratu vlk\u016f opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0\u201ePosledn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky hovo\u0159\u00ed o tom, \u017ee na \u0160umav\u011b vlci nyn\u00ed trvale \u017eij\u00ed v \u0161esti teritori\u00edch. Populace tohoto vrcholov\u00e9ho pred\u00e1tora na \u0160umav\u011b postupn\u011b st\u00e1le roste,\u201c\u00a0<\/em>vysv\u011btluje Jan Mokr\u00fd ze zoologick\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed Spr\u00e1vy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava.<\/p>\n

Ve t\u0159et\u00edm kroku budeme v r\u00e1mci projektu zkoumat obnovu lesa na \u0160umav\u011b. I zde projektov\u00ed partne\u0159i \u010derpaj\u00ed z dlouhodob\u00e9 datov\u00e9 \u0159ady a zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd vliv n\u00e1vratu vlka na obnovu lesa.<\/p>\n

Pro oba n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parky je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00edskat aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fadaje o cel\u00e9 potravn\u00ed pyramid\u011b, kter\u00e9 poslou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00e1klad pro spole\u010dnou managementovou strategii v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm souvisl\u00e9m lesn\u00edm chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Petr CIHELKA, \u010cesk\u00e1 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 univerzita v Praze<\/strong><\/p>\n

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