{"id":294628,"date":"2026-01-03T21:32:44","date_gmt":"2026-01-03T20:32:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=294628"},"modified":"2026-01-03T21:32:44","modified_gmt":"2026-01-03T20:32:44","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-tri-kralove-jdou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=294628","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 jdou"},"content":{"rendered":"

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My t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 jdeme k v\u00e1m,<\/em>
\n\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed zdrav\u00ed vin\u0161ujem v\u00e1m.<\/em>
\n\u0160t\u011bst\u00ed, zdrav\u00ed, dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta,<\/em>
\nmy jsme k v\u00e1m p\u0159i\u0161li z daleka.<\/em>
\nZdaleka je cesta na\u0161e,<\/em>
\ndo Betl\u00e9ma mysl na\u0161e<\/em>
\nCo ty, \u010dernej, stoj\u00ed\u0161 vzadu,<\/em>
\nvystrkuje\u0161 na n\u00e1s bradu?<\/em>
\nA j\u00e1 \u010dernej vystupuju<\/em>
\na Nov\u00fd rok v\u00e1m vin\u0161uju.<\/em>
\nA my taky vystupujem<\/em>
\na Nov\u00fd rok v\u00e1m vin\u0161ujem.<\/em><\/p>\n

\nMezi v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky se v minulosti \u0159adil i den T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f, tedy 6. ledna. S t\u00edmto dnem se pojily lidov\u00e9 oslavy a zvyky. Jeden z nich v mnoh\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech p\u0159etrval dodnes, kdy na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le miz\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdzdoba a v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed strome\u010dek.<\/h6>\n

Z m\u00e1g\u016f se stali mudrci, z mudrc\u016f kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. V evangeln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu samotn\u00e9m nen\u00ed \u0159e\u010d ani o kr\u00e1l\u00edch, ani o jejich po\u010dtu. Poprv\u00e9 se o t\u0159ech mudrc\u00edch zmi\u0148uje c\u00edrkevn\u00ed spisovatel \u00d3rigen\u00e9s na po\u010d\u00e1tku 3. stolet\u00ed, kter\u00fd po\u010det t\u0159\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b vyvozuje z po\u010dtu dar\u016f, kter\u00e9 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed. Ozna\u010den\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 se pak objevuje a\u017e v 6. stolet\u00ed u svat\u00e9ho Caesaria z Arles (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b podle zm\u00ednky v 72. \u017ealmu). Po\u010det mudrc\u016f v\u0161ak v jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00fdkladech kol\u00edsal od po\u010dtu dvou a\u017e \u010dty\u0159 v z\u00e1padn\u00ed c\u00edrkvi a po dvan\u00e1ct ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed. Jm\u00e9na t\u0159ech kr\u00e1l\u016f Melkon, Ka\u0161par a Baltazar se poprv\u00e9 objevuj\u00ed v pozdn\u00edm apokryfn\u00edm spisu zvan\u00e9m Arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 evangelium d\u011btstv\u00ed asi z 6. stolet\u00ed. Je o nich zm\u00ednka tak\u00e9 na fresce v Ravenn\u011b datovan\u00e9 po roce 560. Poprv\u00e9 se spolehliv\u011b jm\u00e9na kr\u00e1l\u016f objevili ve 12. stolet\u00ed u Petra Comestora, kancl\u00e9\u0159e pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 Sorbonny.<\/p>\n

St\u0159edov\u011bk je tak\u00e9 obdob\u00edm, kdy byly t\u011bmto jm\u00e9n\u016fm p\u0159i\u0159azeny jednotliv\u00e9 dary. Tyto t\u0159i dary m\u011bly tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavovat ve\u0161kerou hmotu, nebo\u0165 zastupuj\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e1 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 skupenstv\u00ed. Jednotliv\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 pak podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdklad\u016f p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u0161echna obdob\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota; na sc\u00e9n\u00e1ch klan\u011bn\u00ed T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f je jeden z nich zobrazov\u00e1n jako mlad\u00edk, druh\u00fd jako mu\u017e a posledn\u00ed jako sta\u0159ec.<\/p>\n

Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto sv\u00e1tku podle t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f nevych\u00e1z\u00ed z biblick\u00e9 tradice, kter\u00e1 p\u00ed\u0161e o \u201emagoi” \u2013 mudrc\u00edch, ale z lidov\u00e9ho pod\u00e1n\u00ed. Biblick\u00e1 tradice ani nemluv\u00ed o jejich po\u010dtu, kter\u00fd v c\u00edrkevn\u00ed tradici kol\u00edsal mezi dv\u011bma a\u017e dvan\u00e1cti. Ust\u00e1len\u00ed jejich po\u010dtu na t\u0159ech bylo odvozeno podle po\u010dtu jimi p\u0159inesen\u00fdch dar\u016f (zlato, myrha, kadidlo). K z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b mudrc\u016f za kr\u00e1le za\u010dalo doch\u00e1zet v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b XII. stolet\u00ed. V Kol\u00edn\u011b nad R\u00fdnem jsou uct\u00edv\u00e1ny ostatky t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f, p\u0159enesen\u00e9 tam roku 1194 z mil\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kostela sv. Eusrogia. V\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee jde o d\u011btsk\u00e9 kost\u0159i\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Jm\u00e9na Caspar \u2013 Melichar-Baltazar poprv\u00e9 uvedl kancl\u00e9\u0159 pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 Sorbony jako vysv\u011btlen\u00ed star\u0161\u00edho zvyku ps\u00e1t inici\u00e1ly C+B+M nade dve\u0159e domu. \u0158ada badatel\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee psan\u00ed t\u011bchto inici\u00e1l je poz\u016fstatkem p\u016fvodn\u011b novoro\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eChristus mansionem benedicat” \u2013 Kristus nech\u0165 po\u017eehn\u00e1 (tento) p\u0159\u00edbytek. P\u016fvodn\u00ed spojen\u00ed tohoto prvok\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed s po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku by dokl\u00e1dal i letopo\u010det, psan\u00fd za inici\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

Je faktem, \u017ee p\u0159ed zev\u0161eobecn\u011bn\u00edm Juli\u00e1nsk\u00e9 reformy kalend\u00e1\u0159e byl po\u010d\u00e1tek roku spojov\u00e1n se sv\u00e1tkem pohansk\u00e9ho boha Aiona, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipadal na 5. ledna. Zd\u00e1 se tud\u00ed\u017e, \u017ee psan\u00ed inici\u00e1l C+M+B je pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm pohansk\u00e9ho ob\u0159adu, maj\u00edc\u00edho d\u016fm chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi d\u00e9mony.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f byl v minulosti spojen s lidov\u00fdmi oslavami a tradicemi. Od dob st\u0159edov\u011bku je zn\u00e1m zvyk koledov\u00e1n\u00ed. Na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le chodili p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u017e\u00e1ci a studenti od staven\u00ed ke staven\u00ed, kde zp\u00edvali p\u00edsn\u011b o narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. Pozn\u00e1vac\u00edm znamen\u00edm koledn\u00edk\u016f byla velk\u00e1 hv\u011bzda. P\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f byl ve znamen\u00ed v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed budoucnosti. Na\u0161e p\u0159edky nap\u0159\u00edklad zaj\u00edmalo, jak dlouho budou je\u0161t\u011b mezi \u017eiv\u00fdmi. T\u00e9to v\u011b\u0161tby se z\u00fa\u010dastnila cel\u00e1 rodina, kdy ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen zap\u00e1lil jednu sv\u00ed\u010dku. V\u0161echny sv\u00ed\u010dky musely b\u00fdt stejn\u011b vysok\u00e9 a stejn\u011b siln\u00e9. Komu sv\u00ed\u010dka ho\u0159ela nejkrat\u0161\u00ed dobu, ten m\u011bl nejd\u0159\u00edve zem\u0159\u00edt. Tak\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eelo na d\u00fdmu, kter\u00fd od ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00edce stoupal. Pokud stoupal sm\u011brem nahoru, m\u011bla du\u0161e doty\u010dn\u00e9ho po smrti sm\u011b\u0159ovat do nebe. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak sv\u00edce ho\u0159ela nezvykle a d\u00fdm m\u00ed\u0159il sp\u00ed\u0161e dol\u016f, m\u011bla se i tam ub\u00edrat du\u0161e doty\u010dn\u00e9ho po jeho smrti.<\/p>\n

Na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le se tak\u00e9 v\u011b\u0161tilo pomoc\u00ed lodi\u010dek z o\u0159echov\u00fdch sko\u0159\u00e1pek nebo lit\u00ed olova, co\u017e m\u00e1me dnes spojen\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161e se \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fdm dnem. Mlad\u00e1 d\u011bv\u010data se brzy r\u00e1no om\u00fdvala sn\u011bhem, aby byla p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok zdrav\u00e1 a kr\u00e1sn\u00e1. Zdrav\u00ed a s\u00edlu m\u011bla \u010dlov\u011bku zajistit koupel ve studen\u00e9m potoce \u010di ve studen\u00e9 stud\u00e1nce p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem Slunce na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le. Ze stejn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu se na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le pila posv\u011bcen\u00e1 voda. Na konci st\u0159edov\u011bku se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo \u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed vody a k\u0159\u00eddy, kter\u00e9 pak m\u011bly m\u00edt ochrannou moc pro staven\u00ed, kter\u00e1 s nimi p\u0159i\u0161la do styku. Proto se dodnes na dve\u0159e p\u0159\u00edbytk\u016f p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddou p\u00edsmena K + M + B. Tento zvyk se naplno ujal po t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lce.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Urban Schwegler, Die Heiligen Drei K\u00f6nige und das Segenszeichen C-M-B, missio Schweiz 2012 Encyklopedick\u00e9 heslo Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 v Ottov\u011b slovn\u00edku nau\u010dn\u00e9m<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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