{"id":294058,"date":"2025-12-25T10:38:52","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T09:38:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=294058"},"modified":"2025-12-25T10:38:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-25T09:38:52","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-svatek-svateho-stepana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=294058","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Trochu ve st\u00ednu \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed nad\u00edlky a Bo\u017e\u00edho hodu v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na. Sv\u00e1tkem svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na vrchol\u00ed V\u00e1noce. Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na m\u00e1 to \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee se vyskytuje v trojici dn\u016f, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u0161ichni – \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den – Hod Bo\u017e\u00ed – \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n. Jinak by mo\u017en\u00e1 ji\u017e upadl v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed, jako spousta jmen svat\u00fdch a spousta dn\u016f, kdy se sv\u00e1tky t\u011bchto osobnost\u00ed slav\u00edvaly.<\/h6>\n

Druh\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1novu smrt. Zavra\u017ed\u011bn byl podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f ale u\u017e 3. srpna. Jeho sv\u00e1tek v\u0161ak slav\u00edme v bl\u00edzkosti V\u00e1noc, nebo\u0165 smrt byla zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bna hl\u00e1s\u00e1n\u00edm o znovuvzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. T\u00edmto je \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nova ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednka v bl\u00edzkosti Kristova narozen\u00ed. Zkusme chv\u00edli zapomenout na to, zda jsme \u010di nejsme k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry – a vezm\u011bme \u017eivoty a skutky k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch svat\u00fdch jako sou\u010d\u00e1st kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed lidstva. I s t\u00edmto dnem jsou spojen\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 tradice. D\u011bti chodily koledovat, chasa mohla odej\u00edt ze slu\u017eby a na sv\u011btcovu po\u010dest se pekla pernat\u00e1 dr\u016fbe\u017e.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00fd \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n byl prvn\u00edm dnem V\u00e1noc, kter\u00fd nebyl a\u017e tak ob\u0159adn\u00fd. Naopak, nevadilo trochu rozpustilosti, proto\u017ee na koledu vyr\u00e1\u017eely d\u011bti i chasa nebo chud\u0161\u00ed rodiny, pro kter\u00e9 byla odm\u011bna za koledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edtan\u00fdm zpest\u0159en\u00edm j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku. Koledov\u00e1n\u00ed kdysi souviselo s v\u00edrou v magick\u00e9 ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed osudu. Proto se ob\u0159ad\u016fm, spojen\u00fdm s p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm zdaru, v\u011bnovala velk\u00e1 pozornost. Tyto ob\u0159ady vykon\u00e1vali obvykle nejv\u00e1\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 obce. Se \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed se v\u00edra v \u00fa\u010dinek magick\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f ztr\u00e1cela a nahrazovala je modlitba a m\u0161e. N\u011bkter\u00e9 ob\u0159ady v\u0161ak nezanikly, ale zm\u011bnil se jejich smysl. P\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zdaru spojen\u00e9 s obch\u016fzkami rodin se stalo spole\u010denskou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, tradi\u010dn\u00edm zvykem konan\u00fdm pro radost a z\u00e1bavu.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ena \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na nen\u00ed p\u00e1na\u201c. \u201eNa svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na mohla chasa m\u011bnit slu\u017ebu. Mohli, dnes bychom \u0159ekli, bez ud\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fvodu odch\u00e1zet k jin\u00e9mu hospod\u00e1\u0159i,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Vojancov\u00e1. Chasa ale neodch\u00e1zela s pr\u00e1zdnou. Dost\u00e1vala n\u011bjakou v\u00fdslu\u017eku, \u010dasto v\u00e1no\u010dku, drobn\u00fd pen\u00edz nebo n\u011bjak\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00ed. Koleda prob\u00edhala mnohdy od sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na a\u017e do T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f. V 19. stolet\u00ed chod\u00edvaly na koledu d\u011bti s h\u016flkou, na kter\u00e9 byla p\u0159ipevn\u011bna betl\u00e9msk\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, a s bed\u00fdnkou, ve kter\u00e9 m\u011bli postaven\u00e9 mal\u00e9 jesli\u010dky a s koledou se obecn\u011b otev\u0159el vesel\u00fd \u010das V\u00e1noc.<\/p>\n

Do slavnostn\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry se v minulosti prol\u00ednaly hlasy a zp\u011bv koledn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed od \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho dne obch\u00e1zeli domy doprov\u00e1zeni skromnou muzikou. Pokud byly venku n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty, vyb\u00edrali koledn\u00edci krat\u0161\u00ed koledy. Zp\u00edvaly se koledy m\u00edstn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9, s dlouh\u00fdmi \u0159adami slok, \u010dasto jednoduch\u00e9 melodie. Doprovodn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje byly p\u0159irozen\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed regionu \u2013 housle, dudy, p\u00ed\u0161\u0165aly, p\u0159enosn\u00fd cimb\u00e1lek, mold\u00e1nky, harfi\u010dka.<\/p>\n

Ale v\u00edte, kdo to byl sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n? \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n byl \u0159ecky hovo\u0159\u00edc\u00edm \u017didem. V d\u011bjin\u00e1ch je zn\u00e1m jako prvn\u00ed mu\u010dedn\u00edk pro k\u0159es\u0165anskou v\u00edru \u2013 za obvin\u011bn\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9 samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9 rady v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b z vra\u017edy Krista, byl odsouzen k smrti ukamenov\u00e1n\u00edm u bran Jeruzal\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00fd \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n se stal patronem n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f, ale i kon\u00ed \u2013 t\u011bm se toho dne je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce pou\u0161t\u011blo \u017eilou, aby z\u016fstali cel\u00fd rok \u010dil\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed. Proto se sv\u011btil oves \u010di jin\u00e9 obil\u00ed, jako potrava kon\u00ed \u010di jarn\u00ed setba. Z tohoto zvyku se zrodil dal\u0161\u00ed lidov\u00fd oby\u010dej \u2013 h\u00e1zen\u00ed zrn\u00ed po d\u011bv\u010datech, do jejich tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u2013 aby je pr\u00fd m\u011bly hezk\u00e9, zdrav\u00e9 a \u010derven\u00e9. A aby se brzy vdaly. H\u00e1zen\u00ed hrsti zrn\u00ed po kn\u011bzi p\u0159i m\u0161i v kostele m\u011blo p\u0159ipom\u00ednat ukamenov\u00e1n\u00ed svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

Se sv\u00e1tkem svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na je spojeno vesel\u00ed, obdarov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (koleda), \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed otroci dost\u00e1vali na tento jeden den svobodu. Hospod\u00e1\u0159i obdarov\u00e1vali i dobytek a stromy, mlyn\u00e1\u0159i ml\u00fdn a pilu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trochu ve <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":364858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/23\/ram-stepana.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/294058"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=294058"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/294058\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":364910,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/294058\/revisions\/364910"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/364858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=294058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=294058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=294058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}