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O \u0161t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der<\/strong> Ve\u010de\u0159e to byla n\u00e1ramn\u00e1 – placi\u010dky oblo\u017een\u00e9 kavi\u00e1rem, kousky uzen\u00e9ho lososa, \u010dern\u00e1 ryba s knedl\u00edkem, va\u0159en\u00fd cand\u00e1t s hork\u00fdm m\u00e1slem, sma\u017een\u00fd kapr s k\u0159enem a ovocem, pe\u010den\u00e1 vydra s om\u00e1\u010dkou, hlem\u00fd\u017edi, l\u00edvane\u010dky a z\u00e1kusky. Lid\u00e9 se od stolu st\u011b\u017e\u00ed odvalili. Podobn\u011b, by\u0165 t\u0159eba ne tak ok\u00e1zale, se va\u0159ilo i v jin\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech.<\/p>\n Bratr Vojty N\u00e1prstka Ferdinand Fingerhut, sl\u00e1dek a majitel \u010cern\u00e9ho pivovaru v Praze na dne\u0161n\u00edm Karlov\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, si na j\u00eddlo potrp\u011bl. V\u0161ak tak\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017eil 152 kilo. Na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der si dop\u0159\u00e1val kapra na \u010derno s \u201ev\u00fdborn\u00fdm \u010desk\u00fdm knedl\u00edkem se zel\u00edm, na b\u00edl\u00e9m v\u00edn\u011b du\u0161en\u00e9m, rybu na modro sulcovanou, sal\u00e1t z celeru a mrkve, vinn\u00fdm octem nap\u00e1jen\u00fd, kompoty, o\u0159echy, v\u00e1no\u010dky, l\u00edvane\u010dky tenk\u00e9, pe\u010den\u00e9 ka\u0161tany, o\u0159echy velk\u00e9, \u010desk\u00e9\u201c. Vedle tradi\u010dn\u00edho kapra se v dom\u00e1cnostech pod\u00e1valy tak\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159ice, omeletky s tvarohem, pivo, v\u00edno a pun\u010d.<\/p>\n Ign\u00e1t Herrmann zaznamenal, jak postupn\u011b mizela z pra\u017esk\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku jeho obl\u00edben\u00e1 om\u00e1\u010dka z pern\u00edku, sladk\u00e9ho piva, mandl\u00ed, rozinek a o\u0159ech\u016f: \u201ePros\u00edm v\u00e1s, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed pani\u010dky, kdy\u017e sn\u00ed mu\u017e dva tal\u00ed\u0159e ryb\u00ed pol\u00e9vky, potom patn\u00e1ct nad\u00edvan\u00fdch hlemej\u017e\u010f\u016f a po t\u011bch dva kousky sma\u017een\u00e9ho kapra, no a potom kousek jablkov\u00e9ho z\u00e1vinu, kam by dal \u010dernou rybu? A d\u011bti se mi v t\u00e9 om\u00e1\u010dce v\u016fbec necht\u011bj\u00ed patlat, o\u0161kl\u00edbaj\u00ed se na to.\u201c<\/p>\n Pom\u011brn\u011b skromn\u00fd \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed st\u016fl m\u00edvali v d\u011btstv\u00ed i na\u0161i slavn\u00ed spisovatel\u00e9 19. stolet\u00ed. Karel V\u00e1clav Rais r\u00e1d vzpom\u00ednal na b\u00e1je\u010dnou houbovou pol\u00e9vku a jaheln\u00edk sv\u00e9 maminky. Alois Jir\u00e1sek ochutnal i rybu na \u010derno, ale jen \u201e\u2026kdy\u017e ji poslali ze ml\u00fdna, kde\u017e otec mlel\u201c. Jinak ve\u010de\u0159eli tak, jak se obecn\u011b strojilo. V rodin\u011b Svatopluka \u010cecha zase nesm\u011bl na stole chyb\u011bt slane\u010dek. Jeho tat\u00ednek si tak p\u0159ipom\u00ednal sv\u00e9 d\u011btstv\u00ed, kdy na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der m\u011bli jen kubu, vdolky, slane\u010dka a k\u0159\u00ed\u017ealy. Bo\u017een\u011b N\u011bmcov\u00e9 z\u016fstalo o jedn\u011bch V\u00e1noc\u00edch jen p\u011bt zlat\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 j\u00ed tehdy poslala pan\u00ed Palack\u00e1 z It\u00e1lie. Mohla proto d\u00e1t sv\u00fdm t\u0159em d\u011btem ke \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9 ve\u010de\u0159i jen mal\u00fd kousek ryby, jedno jablko a po ve\u010de\u0159i je nechat hr\u00e1t o t\u0159i o\u0159echy.<\/p>\n V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky se staly v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 po roce 800, kdy byl o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m dnu slavnostn\u011b korunov\u00e1n c\u00edsa\u0159 Karel Velik\u00fd. Na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den roku 1066 se pak konala korunovace kr\u00e1le Vil\u00e9ma I. Dobyvatele. N\u011bkter\u00e9 prameny z per st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch kronik\u00e1\u0159\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 V\u00e1noce b\u00fdvaly ve znamen\u00ed koledov\u00e1n\u00ed, dobr\u00e9ho j\u00eddla a pit\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm alkoholu. Anglick\u00fd panovn\u00edk Richard II. \u00fadajn\u011b v roce 1377 kv\u016fli v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm oslav\u00e1m nechal porazit dvacet osm vol\u016f a t\u0159i sta ovc\u00ed. Kronik\u00e1\u0159i ov\u0161em ne\u0161et\u0159ili ani dal\u0161\u00edmi pikantnostmi v souvislosti s oslavami V\u00e1noc, proto\u017ee \u0161lo pr\u00fd nap\u0159. o hazardn\u00ed hry, nev\u00e1zan\u00fd sex, opilstv\u00ed, \u010di lidovou magii, co\u017e p\u00edsemn\u011b dolo\u017eil ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd benediktinsk\u00fd mnich Jan z Hole\u0161ova, kter\u00fd \u017eil v dob\u011b vl\u00e1dy V\u00e1clava IV.: \u201e\u2026se v tak slavnostn\u00ed p\u0159edve\u010der p\u0159e\u017e\u00edraj\u00ed, druz\u00ed op\u00edjej\u00ed a jin\u00ed nejen do ve\u010dern\u00ed hv\u011bzdy, ale i do jit\u0159n\u00ed hv\u011bzdy na chv\u00e1lu \u010f\u00e1blovu bd\u00ed, hraj\u00edce v onen nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve\u010der v kostky a zkou\u0161ej\u00edce, jak\u00e9 budou m\u00edti v kostk\u00e1ch \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed po cel\u00fd budouc\u00ed rok.\u201c<\/p>\n V p\u0159edve\u010der \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho dne chodili kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a \u017e\u00e1ci koledovat po domech v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch. Domy byly v t\u00e9 dob\u011b tak\u00e9 vyzdobeny, jen jinak, ne\u017e zn\u00e1me dnes. Jako ozdoby slou\u017eilo jmel\u00ed, chvoj\u00ed a st\u00e1le zelen\u00e9 rostliny jako cesm\u00edna nebo b\u0159e\u010d\u0165an. Na dozdoben\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvala \u010derven\u00e1 jablka, su\u0161en\u00e9 ovoce, o\u0159echy, sko\u0159\u00e1pky nebo \u0161\u00edpky. Zele\u0148 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 na prahu, tr\u00e1mech, \u0159\u00edms\u00e1ch nebo na dve\u0159\u00edch byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za magickou ochranu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi duchy, nemocemi a hladem.<\/p>\n Co je spole\u010dn\u00fdm rysem pro v\u0161echna obdob\u00ed oslav V\u00e1noc, to byla \u0161t\u011bdrost a pohostinnost. Ji\u017e ve st\u0159edov\u011bku existoval zvyk obdarov\u00e1vat druh\u00e9. Lid\u00e9 byli \u0161t\u011bd\u0159\u00ed nejen v\u016f\u010di sob\u011b navz\u00e1jem, ale sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed pohostinnost projevovali i pocestn\u00fdm a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, d\u011bti, tovary\u0161i i mist\u0159i, \u010dele\u010f i hospod\u00e1\u0159i, ti v\u0161ichni dost\u00e1vali v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed nad\u00edlku v podob\u011b v\u00fdslu\u017eky nebo symbolick\u00e9 d\u00e1rky jako ovoce, sladk\u00e9 pe\u010divo a drobn\u00e9 mince.<\/p>\n \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den byl jist\u00fdm vyvrcholen\u00edm adventn\u00ed doby. Byla to oslava zrozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. Nemohla nikde tud\u00ed\u017e chyb\u011bt slavnostn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e, kter\u00e1 ukon\u010dovala obdob\u00ed p\u016fstu. Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky jak slavnostn\u00ed tabule vypadala, byly takov\u00e9, \u017ee na \u010dist\u00fd st\u016fl se prost\u0159elo b\u00edl\u00e9 pl\u00e1tno. V\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ipravovali pe\u010divo z b\u00edl\u00e9 mouky (chl\u00e9b a kol\u00e1\u010de, pozd\u011bji v\u00e1no\u010dky) jako symbol radosti z narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista v Betl\u00e9m\u011b (Betl\u00e9m byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za D\u016fm chleba). Toto pe\u010divo se n\u00e1sledn\u011b polo\u017eilo doprost\u0159ed stolu. Ukrojit si mohl ka\u017ed\u00fd do sytosti a v\u00edt\u00e1ni u stolu byli i n\u00e1hodn\u00ed kolemjdouc\u00ed. Na sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u011b prost\u0159en\u00e9m stole jste d\u00e1le mohli naj\u00edt v\u0161echno mo\u017en\u00e9, podle toho, co se poda\u0159ilo vyp\u011bstovat a jak\u00e1 byla \u00faroda.<\/p>\n \u010casto se pod\u00e1valo sele pro dod\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edly, sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hody nab\u00eddly va\u0159en\u00e9, \u010derstv\u00e9 i su\u0161en\u00e9 ovoce a om\u00e1\u010dky z n\u011bho \u010di pern\u00edk. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed pokrmy pat\u0159il houbov\u00fd kuba nebo oplatky, kter\u00e9 se pod\u00e1valy jako p\u0159edkrm. Slazen\u00e9 byly medem, pod\u00e1valy se i na slano s \u010desnekem nebo bylinkami. Pod\u00e1vala se t\u00e9\u017e hrachov\u00e1, krupi\u010dn\u00e1 \u010di j\u00e1hlov\u00e1 ka\u0161e. Od 19. stolet\u00ed se ke \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i pod\u00e1v\u00e1 kapr a to dodnes. Nejd\u0159\u00edve samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pouze v rodin\u00e1ch ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f nebo v z\u00e1mo\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, pozd\u011bji v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed populaci. Sousta ve\u010de\u0159e se zap\u00edjela dom\u00e1c\u00edm hutn\u00fdm pivem.<\/p>\n Zvyky a tradice t\u00e9 doby, se mnohdy dodr\u017euj\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech dodnes. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b z\u00e1kaz zamet\u00e1n\u00ed o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m dnu, aby nebyly zran\u011bny du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 dle pov\u011bsti o sv\u00e1tc\u00edch v dom\u011b p\u0159eb\u00fdvaj\u00ed. Aby slepice sn\u00e1\u0161ely vejce, nesm\u011bla vst\u00e1t hospodyn\u011b p\u0159i \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i od stolu a nikdo z rodiny nesm\u011bl sed\u011bt naproti dve\u0159\u00edm do ulice, co\u017e ho m\u011blo ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed smrt\u00ed v dal\u0161\u00edm roce.<\/p>\n Po slavnostn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i n\u00e1sledovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 oslavy a z\u00e1bava. Pohansk\u00e9 V\u00e1noce byly v\u00edce bujar\u00e9, k oslav\u00e1m pat\u0159ily masky, ritu\u00e1ly a pr\u016fvody. K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed vneslo do sv\u00e1tk\u016f v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch klid, m\u00edr a pohodu. Podle k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch tradic bylo na programu zp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed koled, spole\u010densk\u00e9 hry a n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva bohoslu\u017eby. Z obdob\u00ed 16. stolet\u00ed se dochovaly doklady o Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kovi coby d\u00e1rkono\u0161i. Do t\u00e9 doby d\u011btem nosil d\u00e1rky svat\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161, a to 5. prosince. Poprv\u00e9 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek za\u010dal d\u011bti obdarov\u00e1vat na \u00fazem\u00ed N\u011bmecka. V\u00e1noce pouze v rodinn\u00e9m kruhu se za\u010daly slavit v 17. stolet\u00ed a a\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed dostaly V\u00e1noce svou dne\u0161n\u00ed podobu (zdoben\u00ed stromu, d\u00e1rky, jmel\u00ed). Prvn\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed stromek podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f ozdobil v roce 1812 \u0159editel stavovsk\u00e9ho divadla po vzoru n\u011bmeck\u00fdch tradic. Strome\u010dek se zdobil su\u0161en\u00fdm ovocem, sko\u0159\u00e1pkami \u010di pe\u010divem.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" O <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":364853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/23\/ram-stedry-den.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/294035"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=294035"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/294035\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":364855,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/294035\/revisions\/364855"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/364853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=294035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=294035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=294035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nNa stromek, v jizbu jen\u017e p\u0159ines\u2019 dech les\u016f<\/em>
\na v m\u011bsta hluky tich\u00fdch samot sn\u011bn\u00ed,<\/em>
\nzas v\u011b\u0161\u00edm pestr\u00e9 cetky v zamy\u0161len\u00ed<\/em>
\njsa nap\u0159ed \u0161\u0165asten v d\u011bt\u00ed hlu\u010dn\u00e9m plesu.<\/em>
\nP\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 tret\u011b, k haluz\u00edm ji\u017e nesu,<\/em>
\nz\u0159\u00edm, otec, d\u011btsk\u00fdch zrak\u016f zajisk\u0159en\u00ed<\/em>
\na b\u00e1sn\u00edk sly\u0161\u00edm tich\u00e9 pta\u010d\u00ed p\u011bn\u00ed<\/em>
\na c\u00edt\u00edm du\u0161i lesa stoupat z v\u0159esu.<\/em>
\nZdroj \u0161um\u00ed, sosna sk\u0159\u00edpne v\u011btr\u016f tahem<\/em>
\na vid\u00edm honbu mot\u00fdl\u016f, much, pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/em>
\nnad diviznami, je\u017e z\u0159\u00edm zlatem kv\u00e9sti.<\/em>
\nA mysl\u00edm: V ka\u017edou hra\u010dku v sn\u011bn\u00ed blah\u00e9m<\/em>
\njak zakl\u00edt v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd azur bez oblak\u016f<\/em>
\na p\u0159i\u010darovat d\u011btem sv\u00fdm kus \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed!<\/em> Jaroslav Vrchlick\u00fd: Nov\u00e9 sonety samot\u00e1\u0159e (1891)<\/strong><\/p>\n\u201eV kuchyni ve hlubok\u00fdch, m\u00eds\u00e1m podobn\u00fdch p\u00e1nv\u00edch, va\u0159ila se na plotn\u011b v oct\u011b, jinde ve sladk\u00e9m piv\u011b, v\u0161eho druhu zelenina s ko\u0159en\u00edm, o\u010dividn\u00e1 to p\u0159\u00edprava na modrou a \u010dernou rybu, opod\u00e1l pekly se b\u011blostn\u00e9, mal\u00e9 l\u00edvane\u010dky, jejich\u017e hotov\u00e9 u\u017e v\u00fdrobky Ton\u010da pot\u00edrala vi\u0161\u0148ovou nebo ryb\u00edzovou zava\u0159eninou a posyp\u00e1vala strouhan\u00fdm tvarohem,\u201c lebedil si nad p\u0159\u00edpravou \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e u zn\u00e1m\u00fdch v 19. stolet\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159 Serv\u00e1c Heller. Lahodil mu pohled na nasekan\u00e9 kusy t\u0159ebo\u0148sk\u00fdch kapr\u016f, zlatou osma\u017eenou housku i na hlem\u00fd\u017ed\u00ed sko\u0159\u00e1pky, \u201eje\u017e budou napln\u011bny jemnou sekaninou z hlem\u00fd\u017ed\u00edch t\u011bl\u00ed\u010dek a pstruh\u016f z rosolu vy\u0148at\u00fdch, naprosto zjevn\u00e1 to p\u0159edehra k pe\u010den\u00ed \u0161v\u00e1bsk\u00fdch hlem\u00fd\u017e\u010f\u016f.”<\/h6>\n
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