{"id":293923,"date":"2024-11-28T23:55:28","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T22:55:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=293923"},"modified":"2024-11-28T23:55:28","modified_gmt":"2024-11-28T22:55:28","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-idylicky-cas-ocekavani-vanoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=293923","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Idylick\u00fd \u010das o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed V\u00e1noc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nAdventn\u00ed jitro.<\/strong>
\nTe\u010f le\u017e\u00ed vrchy v sam\u00e9m sn\u011bhu<\/em>
\na z hv\u011bzd se na n\u011b line t\u0159pyt\u2026<\/em>
\nV\u00edtr jde z d\u00e1lek beze b\u0159eh\u016f<\/em>
\na chce \u010das z mr\u00e1kot probudit.<\/em>
\nHluboce usnuly ty lesy,<\/em>
\nzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 jedle vo\u0148av\u00fd m\u00e1 sen,<\/em>
\nodn\u011bkud ze tmy podnebes\u00ed<\/em>
\nzticha se zved\u00e1 nov\u00fd den.<\/em>
\nJak byst\u0159ina z hor do \u00fadol\u00ed<\/em>
\nse \u0159ine noc a jej\u00ed st\u00edn.<\/em>
\nNa \u0161t\u00edty hor se sv\u011btlo drol\u00ed<\/em>
\na jasn\u00ed obzor v z\u00e1\u0159n\u00fd kl\u00edn.<\/em>
\nAdvent, hodina, kdy se dn\u00edv\u00e1<\/em>
\na odhaluje tajemstv\u00ed\u2026<\/em>
\nKruh hor kolem se rozho\u0159\u00edv\u00e1<\/em>
\na Bo\u017e\u00ed stopa se v n\u011bm skv\u00ed.<\/em>
\nN\u00e1\u0161 pohled v\u00fdchod s touhou \u010dek\u00e1<\/em>
\na m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed k p\u00e1su obzoru,<\/em>
\nkde jitro, s\u00edla v\u011bkov\u011bk\u00e1,<\/em>
\nnad noc se vznese nahoru.<\/em>
\nTo B\u016fh sv\u00e9 ruce vl\u00eddn\u011b zdv\u00edh\u00e1<\/em>
\na s l\u00e1skou \u017eehn\u00e1 tuto zem.<\/em>
\nHv\u011bzdy blednou a pry\u010d je t\u00edha,<\/em>
\nsv\u011btlo jde k n\u00e1m, my vst\u0159\u00edc mu jdem…<\/em><\/p>\n

Ka\u0161perskohorsk\u00fd kronik\u00e1\u0159 Engelbert Panni popisuje ve\u010dern\u00ed \u017eivot na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0160umav\u011b takto: \u201eKdy\u017e se venku stm\u00edv\u00e1, \u0160umava je zahalena do b\u00edl\u00e9ho h\u00e1vu, k zemi padaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 sn\u011bhov\u00e9 vlo\u010dky nebo \u0159\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00e1nice, je ve vytopen\u00e9 sv\u011btnici u velk\u00fdch kachlov\u00fdch kamen anebo peci velmi p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b. Babi\u010dka vypravuje d\u011btem poh\u00e1dky a ve\u010der, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed k hospodyni sousedky s kolovraty. Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed se kolem h\u0159ejiv\u00fdch kamen a p\u0159i sv\u011btle pl\u00e1polaj\u00edc\u00ed lou\u010de si p\u0159i p\u0159eden\u00ed pov\u00eddaj\u00ed. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed si v\u0161elijak\u00e9 historky, naslouchaj\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159e z bible a z kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f a tak tr\u00e1v\u00ed zimn\u00ed ve\u010der a\u017e p\u0159ed p\u016flnoc.\u201c<\/p>\n

V obdob\u00ed po sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho Martina se v minulosti na \u010desk\u00e9m venkov\u011b skon\u010dilo s poln\u00edmi pracemi a \u017eivot na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f se pomalu p\u0159esunul pod st\u0159echu, do tepla domova. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku zimy za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u010das rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, klidu a ticha, pono\u0159en\u00ed do sebe sam\u00e9ho. \u0158ada oby\u010dej\u016f v\u0161ak stanoven\u00e9 z\u00e1kazy poru\u0161ovala a lid\u00e9 se jimi vraceli k ob\u0159ad\u016fm pohansk\u00fdm, spojen\u00fdch s oslavou slunovratu. P\u0159edlouh\u00e9 soumraky a \u010dern\u00e9 noci vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed ze zimy dobu v\u0161emo\u017en\u00fdch kouzel z tajemn\u00fdch zimn\u00edch dn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Co se d\u011blo ve sv\u011btnic\u00edch za dlouh\u00fdch zimn\u00edch ve\u010der\u016f? Dralo pe\u0159\u00ed, zp\u00edvalo, pov\u00eddalo nebo se mezi staven\u00edmi mihly tajemn\u00e9 postavy Luci\u00ed \u010di Ambro\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Besedy, tj. odpoledn\u00ed a ve\u010dern\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy, p\u0159i nich\u017e se pov\u00eddaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 historky ji\u017e po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed neb\u00fdvaly b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, pomineme-li ov\u0161em besedov\u00e1n\u00ed na n\u00e1vsi b\u011bhem tepl\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f roku. P\u0159es zimu se v\u0161ak venkovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b sch\u00e1zeli u sp\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed lnu a konop\u00ed nebo p\u0159i dran\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed. V rodin\u00e1ch, kde m\u011bli d\u011bv\u010de, se toti\u017e dlouho chovaly husy ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu, aby si budouc\u00ed nev\u011bsta mohla p\u0159in\u00e9st do man\u017eelstv\u00ed pe\u0159iny a pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 sv\u00e9ho \u010dasu pat\u0159ily k nepostradateln\u00fdm sou\u010d\u00e1stem v\u00fdbavy.<\/p>\n

Dlouh\u00e9 ve\u010dery si v\u0161ak \u017eeny s d\u011bv\u010daty kr\u00e1tily pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm, jeho\u017e se ov\u0161em \u00fa\u010dastnili i mu\u017ei, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zdatn\u00ed vyprav\u011b\u010di nebo ml\u00e1denci, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1bila p\u0159\u00edtomnost svobodn\u00fdch d\u00edvek. Mal\u00e9 d\u011bti s nap\u011bt\u00edm poslouchaly poh\u00e1dky a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o stra\u0161idlech a z\u00e1zrac\u00edch, hr\u00e1ly se hry, zp\u00edvalo se a \u010detlo z lidov\u00fdch kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kter\u00e9 se v p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm \u010dase hem\u017eily r\u016fzn\u00fdmi legendami o sv\u011btc\u00edch a poutn\u00edch m\u00edstech. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9 obci bylo takov\u00fdch pov\u011br, zvyk\u016f a ob\u0159ad\u016f nepo\u010d\u00edtan\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 se odli\u0161ovaly, n\u011bkter\u00e9 si ale byly velmi podobn\u00e9. Hlavn\u011b co se t\u00fdkalo \u010darod\u011bjnic a zru\u0161en\u00ed jejich z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9 moci. Magick\u00e9 ob\u0159ady se ale \u010dasem staly z\u00e1bavou a veselou lidovou tradic\u00ed a n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dodnes.<\/p>\n

Dra\u010dky a p\u0159\u00e1stky zpo\u010d\u00e1tku prov\u00e1zel svit lou\u010d\u00ed a sv\u00ed\u010dek, pozd\u011bji mal\u00fdch olejov\u00fdch lampi\u010dek, kter\u00e9 nakonec nahradily petrolejov\u00e9 lampy. K p\u0159\u00e1stk\u00e1m a dran\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed se \u017eeny sch\u00e1z\u00edvaly je\u0161t\u011b odpoledne. Neotv\u00edraly se dve\u0159e a nesm\u011blo se k\u00fdchat nebo foukat, aby se hus\u00ed p\u00e1p\u011brky nerozlet\u011bly po cel\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti. Jestli\u017ee \u017eeny za\u010daly s prac\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, u velkostatk\u00e1\u0159\u016f dost\u00e1valy na tal\u00ed\u0159 knedl\u00edk se zel\u00edm a maso, nebo buchty velk\u00e9 jako cihla, ve ml\u00fdn\u011b nap\u0159. velk\u00fd kraj\u00edc chleba s d\u00edrou zacpanou medem. Med v\u0161ak b\u00fdval sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed i tam, kde chovali v\u010dely (nap\u0159. myslivna). V\u0161echna tato j\u00eddla byla pro chud\u00e9 \u017eeny hotovou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, a tak nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee se dra\u010dky a p\u0159adleny lakom\u00fdm hospodyn\u00edm \u0161iroce vyh\u00fdbaly.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se \u017eeny se\u0161ly nad stolem pozd\u011bji, draly obvykle do deseti ve\u010der a p\u0159ed odchodem jim hospodyn\u011b p\u0159ipravila drobn\u00e9 poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Na velk\u00fd tal\u00ed\u0159 nabrala uva\u0159en\u00e9 su\u0161en\u00e9 ovoce nebo jablka s chlebem, ke k\u00e1v\u011b nebo \u010daji p\u0159ichystala buchtu \u010di chl\u00e9b. Babi\u010dk\u00e1m d\u00e1valy pro zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed na cestu dom\u016f do \u010daje tak\u00e9 p\u00e1lenku z ovoce. Na zakon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce se v dom\u011b vystrojily \u201edod\u00fdrky\u201d, n\u011bmecky \u201eFederhahn\u201d, tj. dodern\u00e1. Ke k\u00e1v\u011b nebo \u010daji se slivovic\u00ed se napekly buchty a b\u00e1bovky, kter\u00e9 pozd\u011bji vyst\u0159\u00eddaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 cukrovinky a od poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed doplnily je\u0161t\u011b va\u0159en\u00e9 p\u00e1rky s ho\u0159\u010dic\u00ed. Pon\u011bvad\u017e \u0161lo o ve\u010dern\u00ed poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, pe\u010den\u00e9 \u010di va\u0159en\u00e9 maso se oby\u010dejn\u011b nepod\u00e1valo, zato se pro obveselen\u00ed pily sladk\u00e9, \u010dili \u201ebabsk\u00e9\u201d lik\u00e9ry. Pak se ji\u017e jen zp\u00edvalo, a pokud byl p\u0159\u00edtomen tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00fd z m\u00edstn\u00edch muzikant\u016f, t\u0159eba i tan\u010dilo. Dran\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed a hostina p\u0159ichystan\u00e1 k jeho z\u00e1v\u011bru prob\u00edhala obdobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem i v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V zim\u011b ov\u0161em nepracovaly pouze \u017eeny. I mu\u017ei sv\u00e9 povinnosti p\u0159esunuli z pol\u00ed do vytopen\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti. Tkalo se, vyr\u00e1b\u011bly se ko\u0161\u00edky, o\u0161atky i drobn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty ze sl\u00e1my, nastal \u010das opravit zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed a p\u0159ichystat se na jaro. D\u011bti si zase od po\u010d\u00e1tku adventu nosily z lesa mech, v\u011bt\u00e9vky a \u0161i\u0161ky, s jejich\u017e pomoc\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bli dom\u00e1c\u00ed betl\u00e9my. Z vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch arch\u016f, d\u0159\u00edve to b\u00fdvaly obr\u00e1zky Mikol\u00e1\u0161e Al\u0161e, pozd\u011bji tak\u00e9 Josefa Lady, vyst\u0159ihovaly figurky, kter\u00e9 podlepovaly tvrd\u0161\u00edm pap\u00edrem a chystaly je k um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed do betl\u00e9ma. Dom\u00e1c\u00ed betl\u00e9my, pap\u00edrov\u00e9 i figurkov\u00e9, jsou nakonec obl\u00edbenou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f dodnes.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed V\u00e1nocemi ovazovali hospod\u00e1\u0159i vybran\u00e9 stromy pov\u0159\u00edslem jako pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed za \u00farodu. Ovocn\u00e9 stromy byly mimo to chr\u00e1n\u011bny sl\u00e1mou nebo prout\u00edm proti mrazu a zv\u011b\u0159i, tak jak to bylo zvykem i d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1noce se postupem \u010dasu st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edmsi nov\u00fdm. Vzpom\u00ednky na \u010das vlastn\u00edho d\u011btstv\u00ed o\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Na to, jak jsme tehdy dok\u00e1zali v\u0161\u00ed silou srdce v\u011b\u0159it tomu, co se p\u0159ihodilo v betl\u00e9msk\u00e9 st\u00e1ji. S jakou nep\u0159edpojatost\u00ed jsme hled\u011bli na d\u00edt\u011b v jesli\u010dk\u00e1ch a jak jsme se s n\u00edm um\u011bli c\u00edtit zajedno. Nen\u00ed to star\u00e1 zku\u0161enost: ta nitern\u00e1 radost mal\u00e9ho d\u011bcka a stejn\u011b tak jeho neuti\u0161iteln\u00fd pl\u00e1\u010d n\u00e1s je\u0161t\u011b dosud nenech\u00e1vaj\u00ed lhostejn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> HERYNEK, Petr. \u010cesk\u00e9 v\u00e1noce Weihnachten tief drin im B\u00f6hmerwald, Anton Sika \u2013 Jan Mare\u0161<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Adventn\u00ed jitro. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":330081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/28\/ram-idylicky.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/293923"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=293923"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/293923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":330082,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/293923\/revisions\/330082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/330081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=293923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=293923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=293923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}