{"id":293864,"date":"2024-12-11T18:36:35","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T17:36:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=293864"},"modified":"2024-12-11T18:36:35","modified_gmt":"2024-12-11T17:36:35","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-o-vanocnim-jmeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=293864","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: O v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm jmel\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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.Jsi p\u0159\u00ed\u017eivn\u00edk, jmel\u00ed, dob\u0159e to v\u00edm, tak\u00e9 paraziti mohou v\u0161ak b\u00fdt kr\u00e1sn\u00ed a \u010dlenov\u00e9 tv\u00e9ho rodu se v korun\u00e1ch strom\u016f vyj\u00edmaj\u00ed jako kv\u011bty v d\u00edv\u010d\u00edch vlasech. Ale tohle nen\u00ed p\u0159il\u00e9hav\u00e9 p\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Kv\u011bty ne \u2013 kytice to jsou, sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed kytice, tak zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u011b \u017elutozelen\u00e9, jakoby um\u011bl\u00e9, slo\u017een\u00e9 z ma\u0161li\u010dek a perli\u010dek, a nejenom smrk, jedle a borovice s ozdobami ze skla, n\u00fdbr\u017e i ty, jmel\u00ed, okr\u00e1\u0161luje\u0161 zelen\u00ed a leskem lidsk\u00e1 obydl\u00ed ve v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm \u010dase.<\/em>
\nOded\u00e1vna se ti p\u0159isuzuje \u010darod\u011bjn\u00e1 moc a k tv\u00fdm kouzl\u016fm vedle t\u011bch, o nich\u017e mluv\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i a l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edci, n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed i tohle: d\u00e1v\u00e1\u0161 lidem mo\u017enost l\u00edbat se pod tebou s k\u00fdmkoli, kdo jim je mil\u00fd, bez obavy, \u017ee to vzbud\u00ed n\u011b\u010d\u00ed nelibost. A strome\u010dek \u0161t\u011bdrosti a l\u00e1sky, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed bl\u00edzko tebe, ti pak tv\u00e9 n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u017eivnictv\u00ed dozajista odpust\u00ed.<\/em><\/h6>\n
(Kn\u00ed\u017eka zimn\u00edho \u010dasu – Jarom\u00edr Zemina)<\/h6>\n

Lidov\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapuje podnes kulturn\u00edmi p\u0159e\u017eitky. Kde roste jmel\u00ed na l\u00edskov\u00e9m ke\u0159i, pod n\u00edm jsou poklady, had se zlatou korunkou, z takov\u00e9 haluzky nejl\u00e9pe \u0159ezati virguli, \u010darovn\u00fd proutek na hled\u00e1n\u00ed poklad\u016f, kov\u016f, vody. Na hrdle p\u0159iv\u00e1zan\u00e9 jmel\u00ed, v prstenu chr\u00e1n\u00ed proti k\u0159e\u010d\u00edm, uhranut\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b mal\u00e9 d\u011bti. Za\u017eehn\u00e1va\u010d p\u0159imraz\u00ed jmel\u00edm zlod\u011bje, u\u010din\u00ed se \u010dlov\u011bk neviditeln\u00fdm, dotekem jmel\u00ed rozsko\u010d\u00ed se z\u00e1mek.<\/p>\n

Do \u010desk\u00fdch zvyk\u016f \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edch byl zvyk anglick\u00fd s jmel\u00edm um\u011ble zanesen a nen\u00ed, pokud mi zn\u00e1mo, ani zm\u00edne\u010dky, \u017ee by sta\u0159\u00ed znali cokoli o v\u00fdznamu jmel\u00ed na V\u00e1noce. U \u0160t\u00edtn\u00e9ho jest neur\u010dit\u00e1 zm\u00ednka p\u0159i mravok\u00e1rn\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu o pov\u011br\u010divosti, \u017ee of\u011bruj\u00ed stienky a pova\u017euje se to za n\u00e1zev jmel\u00ed. V studii o kouzlech a \u010dar\u00e1ch u star\u00fdch \u010cech\u016f (Pam\u00e1tky Arch. XIV.) sebral jsem \u0159adu doklad\u016f o tom, jak\u00e1 moc hojiv\u00e1 a kouzeln\u00e1 byla p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na jmel\u00ed. \u00bbProti velik\u00e9 pad\u00fac\u00ed nemoci vezmi kuorky dubov\u00e9ho m\u00e9l\u00ed, na prsty uvazovati na mezn\u00ed na ob\u00fa ruk\u00fa, a\u0165 by kuo\u017ee se dot\u00fdkalo. Item v mosazn\u00fdch prsten\u00edch zlatn\u00edk zad\u011bl\u00e1 t\u011bch kuorek, a\u0165 se prsta dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed. Take prsten d\u011blaj\u00ed s hru\u0161kov\u00fdm mel\u00edm na palec na prav\u00e9 ruce. Dokud\u017e jej nos\u00ed, nebude ho nemoc tr\u00e1piti a kdy\u017e se chce\u0161 umyti, sejmi prsten a potom zase vstr\u010d na palec a cho\u010f s n\u00edm.\u00ab<\/em><\/p>\n

Kolovala b\u00e1je, \u017ee and\u011bl zjevil l\u00e9\u010divou a kouzelnou tuto moc kr\u00e1li Davidovi: “Kdy\u017e kr\u00e1l David p\u00e1sl dobytek sv\u00e9ho otce, tehdy vid\u011bl jest, \u017ee pad\u00facie nemoc jednu \u017eenu p\u0159ekotila. I prosil Boha, aby jemu r\u00e1\u010dil zjeviti, kter\u00e9 by proti l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed bylo aneb mohlo b\u00fdti. Tehdy jemu and\u011bl odpov\u011bd\u011bl: Kto\u017e mel\u00ed dubov\u00e9 nese na prav\u00e9 ruce v prsteni tak, \u017ee by se to mel\u00ed hol\u00e9 ruky dot\u00fdkalo, toho nikdy nemoc pad\u00facie nepopadne.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Chirurgick\u00e9 rukopisy staro\u010desk\u00e9, rann\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, \u010dasto pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1vod k prachu, tlu\u010den\u00e9mu z jmel\u00ed dubov\u00e9ho nebo hru\u0161kov\u00e9ho. To jsou ji\u017e podrobnosti, kter\u00e9 by n\u00e1s odvedly od oby\u010deje s jmel\u00edm na V\u00e1noce.<\/p>\n

Snad mnoh\u00fd netu\u0161il, kdy\u017e si podle m\u00f3dy nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koup\u00ed na trhu pra\u017esk\u00e9m nebo u kv\u011btin\u00e1\u0159\u016f v\u011bt\u00e9vky jmel\u00ed. jakou si odn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dom\u016f rostlinu podivnou, zavd\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed podn\u011bt k z\u00e1bavn\u00fdm i p\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdjev\u016fm, jak je vyl\u00ed\u010dil u n\u00e1s ve v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed pov\u00eddce roztomil\u00fdm sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem Ign\u00e1t Herrmann . Tedy na shledanou p\u0159\u00edjemnou pod jmel\u00edm! (Vesel\u00e9 chv\u00edle v \u017eivot\u011b \u010desk\u00e9ho lidu – \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt)<\/p>\n

V\u00e1noce jsou druh\u00fdm nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem a v evropsk\u00e9m kulturn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e1tek v roce i pro nek\u0159es\u0165any. Se slaven\u00edm V\u00e1noc je spojeno mno\u017estv\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch \u010di n\u00e1rodn\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f a zvyklost\u00ed. Adventn\u00ed v\u00fdzdoba m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch podob, ani v t\u00e9 minimalistick\u00e9 by v\u0161ak nikdy nem\u011blo chyb\u011bt jmel\u00ed. Magick\u00e1 rostlina je dnes symbolem V\u00e1noc, ale jej\u00ed kouzla popisuj\u00ed i antick\u00e9 b\u00e1je a pov\u011bsti.<\/p>\n

O jmel\u00ed se traduje legenda , \u017ee bylo stromem, z jeho\u017e d\u0159eva byl zhotoven k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, na n\u011bm\u017e uk\u0159i\u017eovali Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. Krista. Strom pak seschl hanbou do mal\u00fdch ke\u0159\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed lidi kolem sebe dobrem. A sv\u00fdm parazituj\u00edc\u00edm \u017eivotem, kdy z\u010d\u00e1sti \u017eije ze \u017eivin strom\u016f. symbolizuje \u017eivot v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou z\u010d\u00e1sti \u017eivi z Kristova t\u011bla. Tak\u00e9 se tradovalo, \u017ee jmel\u00ed spln\u00ed jedno p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo jej za\u0161ept\u00e1 do plam\u00ednku prvn\u00ed zap\u00e1len\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm strome\u010dku.<\/p>\n

Do \u010cech se dostal zvyk zav\u011b\u0161ovat do domu jmel\u00ed z Anglie. Keltov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed do domu \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, odvahu, l\u00e1sku a plodnost, proto tak\u00e9 dodr\u017eovali l\u00edbac\u00ed zvyk: Mu\u017e sm\u011bl pol\u00edbit ka\u017edou \u017eenu, kterou uvid\u011bl proch\u00e1zet pod zav\u011b\u0161en\u00fdm jmel\u00edm. Po ka\u017ed\u00e9m polibku utrhli pol\u00edben\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b jednu bobulku, a\u017e na tu posledn\u00ed. S tou se pak nech\u00e1valo jmel\u00ed viset a\u017e do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch V\u00e1noc.<\/p>\n

Podle jeho lepiv\u00fdch semen, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 bobule se tak\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee jmel\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee spojit dv\u011b osoby opa\u010dn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed nebo tak\u00e9 udr\u017eet (mo\u017en\u00e1 i slepit) vztah mezi nimi. Lepiv\u00e1 semena tak\u00e9 dala jmel\u00ed latinsk\u00fd n\u00e1zev: viscum – lepidlo.<\/p>\n

Zvyk zav\u011b\u0161ovat zelen\u00e9, st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9, anebo zlat\u00e9 jmel\u00ed k lustru \u010di ho d\u00e1vat do v\u00e1zi\u010dek na st\u016fl se u n\u00e1s dodr\u017euje dodnes. Dnes v\u0161ak lid\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee jmel\u00ed p\u0159inese do domu \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, kdy\u017e ho hlava rodiny zav\u011bs\u00ed r\u00e1no na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den nad sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u011b prost\u0159en\u00fd st\u016fl, anebo, \u017ee p\u0159inese \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed tomu, kdo ho dostal darem. (ne tomu, kdo si ho koup\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jmel\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee otev\u0159\u00edt br\u00e1nu do \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch. V Rakousku se traduje, \u017ee jmel\u00ed nad \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edm stolem zajist\u00ed dobrou \u00farodu a sedl\u00e1ci je tak\u00e9 zaor\u00e1vali do prvn\u00ed br\u00e1zdy. V Irsku se ze jmel\u00ed spl\u00e9taj\u00ed n\u00e1ramky a amulety, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed (stejn\u011b jako u n\u00e1s \u010dty\u0159l\u00edstek a podkova). Ve francouzsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u0160v\u00fdcarska nosily nev\u011bsty kv\u016fli zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plodnosti v\u011bne\u010dek spleten\u00fd z klas\u016f je\u010dmene, kv\u011bt\u016f spor\u00fd\u0161e a v\u011btvi\u010dek jmel\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: MIroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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