{"id":293752,"date":"2024-12-08T18:45:38","date_gmt":"2024-12-08T17:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=293752"},"modified":"2024-12-08T18:45:38","modified_gmt":"2024-12-08T17:45:38","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-o-vanocnich-trzich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=293752","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: O v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch trz\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Hem\u017een\u00ed na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch ulic\u00edch se d\u00e1 popisovat r\u016fzn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, nap\u0159\u00edklad jako v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nebo men\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd obrat v kupov\u00e1n\u00ed a prod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed; ale p\u0159itom by n\u00e1m u\u0161el jeden velmi n\u00e1padn\u00fd v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed fakt: \u017ee nikdy nepotk\u00e1te na ulic\u00edch tolik hezk\u00fdch d\u011bv\u010dat jako v p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed dob\u011b.Kde se vzaly tu se vzaly, na ka\u017ed\u00e9m druh\u00e9m kroku konstatujete n\u011bjak\u00fd takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad. Jako by se smluvily, \u017ee se budou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b hem\u017eit v t\u011bch n\u011bkolika p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch dnech. Je to \u00fakaz a\u017e dosud odborn\u011b nevysv\u011btlen\u00fd. Snad jeho p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina je v tom, \u017ee druh\u00e9 pohlav\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161lo na to, \u017ee mu v\u00e1noce (a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fd ten mal\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek) zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 slu\u0161\u00ed. Nebo si vzaly do hlavy, \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt co nejp\u011bkn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, aby si t\u00edm vyd\u011blaly hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nad\u00edlku. Mo\u017en\u00e1 \u017ee se jen tak tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, jako by byly hez\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e jindy; snad po v\u00e1noc\u00edch odlo\u017e\u00ed tu p\u011bknou masku, a ulice zase dostanou ten \u0161ediv\u00fd a trochu podivn\u00fd r\u00e1z, na kter\u00fd jsme si musili zvyknout.<\/em><\/h6>\n
Ned\u011bln\u00ed fejetony Karla \u010capka Lidov\u00e9 noviny 24. 12. 1931<\/h6>\n

V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trh je pouli\u010dn\u00ed trh spojen\u00fd s oslavou V\u00e1noc b\u011bhem adventu, hlavn\u011b 4 t\u00fddny p\u0159ed \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fdm dnem. P\u016fvod maj\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bku, v N\u011bmecku a Rakousku, odkud se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily do cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu se trhy staly ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch tradic. Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu skute\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trhy zahajuj\u00ed V\u00e1noce. Mezi prvn\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trhy pat\u0159\u00ed dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fansk\u00e9 trhy, kter\u00e9 se konaly v roce 1434. Trhy ve m\u011bst\u011b Budy\u0161\u00edn se konaly dokonce v roce 1384. V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 trhy sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do roku 1294.<\/p>\n

Advent se ohla\u0161oval t\u00edm, \u017ee do ulic vyr\u00e1\u017eeli prvn\u00ed pouli\u010dn\u00ed prodejci. Se sv\u00fdmi poj\u00edzdn\u00fdmi kam\u00ednky tu byli prodava\u010di pe\u010den\u00fdch ka\u0161tan\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed prod\u00e1vali i tepl\u00e9 brambory. P\u016fvodn\u011b slou\u017eily v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trhy v\u00fdhradn\u011b k tomu, aby se lid\u00e9 na za\u010d\u00e1tku studen\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed z\u00e1sobili p\u0159ed zimn\u00edm obdob\u00edm potravinami, tepl\u00fdm oble\u010den\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami nutn\u00fdmi pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed zimy. Jak \u0161el \u010das, m\u011bnil se i sortiment trhovc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na adventn\u00edch trz\u00edch nab\u00edzeli sv\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky. A s t\u00edm se m\u011bnila i celkov\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra. Zat\u00edmco dnes st\u00e1nky na trz\u00edch praskaj\u00ed ve \u0161vech a \u010dlov\u011bk nev\u00ed, co d\u0159\u00edve koupit, kdysi byly trhy mnohem skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch trz\u00edch v\u0161ak p\u0159eva\u017eovaly betl\u00e9my pro chud\u00e9. Trhovci tu nab\u00edzeli spousty mal\u00fdch, pest\u0159e omalovan\u00fdch betl\u00e9mov\u00fdch figurek \u2013 chleb\u00e1\u010dk\u016f. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bly se z t\u011bsta z \u017eitn\u00e9 mouky zad\u011blan\u00e9 vodou s klihem. D\u00e1le se p\u0159id\u00e1valy jemn\u00e9 piliny, plaven\u00e1 k\u0159\u00edda \u010di s\u00e1dra. Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdrobce m\u011bl sv\u016fj “zaru\u010den\u00fd recept”. Tato hmota se pak ma\u010dkala do forem, kter\u00e9 byly zhotoveny otiskem \u0159ezan\u00e9 p\u0159edlohy do hl\u00edny a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm vyp\u00e1len\u00edm v peci. Takov\u00e1 figurka st\u00e1la jen p\u00e1r hal\u00e9\u0159\u016f. Okolo roku 1900 ji\u017e p\u0159edstavovala v\u00fdroba figurek ob\u017eivu pro celou \u0159adu rodin. Rozv\u00e1\u017eely se na trhy do \u0161irok\u00e9ho okol\u00ed. D\u00edky jednoduch\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b se jednalo o levn\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, jeho\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed poezii doce\u0148ujeme a\u017e v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b. D\u0159\u00edve si je kupovali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ti, kdo si z finan\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f nemohli dovolit jesli\u010dky \u0159ezan\u00e9 ze d\u0159eva. Postupn\u011b v\u0161ak za\u010dal z\u00e1jem o tyto naivn\u00ed figurky opadat a\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zmizely.
\nProd\u00e1vali se tu r\u016fzn\u00e9 cukrovinky, marcip\u00e1n, pern\u00edk, ale i figurky ze su\u0161en\u00e9ho ovoce. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tu byly hra\u010dky, loutky, figurky Mikul\u00e1\u0161\u016f, \u010dert\u016f a and\u011bl\u016f. \u010certi se vyr\u00e1b\u011bli z takov\u00e9 chlupat\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 plsti. Pam\u011btn\u00edci vzpom\u00ednali na to, \u017ee se doporu\u010dovalo majitel\u016fm \u010dern\u00fdch ko\u010dek, aby si je p\u0159ed kon\u00e1n\u00edm trh\u016f zav\u00edrali doma, aby nepadli na ob\u011b\u0165 v\u00fdrobc\u016f t\u011bch \u010dert\u016f. Nakupovalo se v\u00edce ne\u017e v jin\u00e9m obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd odbyt v obchodech s koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00edm je zcela pochopiteln\u00fd. Obchody nab\u00edzely zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo v tomto \u010dase velmi \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9. Lid\u00e9 si cht\u011bli pr\u00e1v\u011b na V\u00e1noce dop\u0159\u00e1t n\u011bco \u201elep\u0161\u00edho\u201c a hojn\u011b nakupovali k\u00e1vu, ji\u017en\u00ed ovoce, f\u00edky a o\u0159echy. Nakupovali zde tak\u00e9 v\u011bci nezbytn\u00e9 k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd z\u00e1jem o galantern\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a bi\u017euterii v dob\u011b V\u00e1noc zmi\u0148uje Herrmann v pov\u00eddce V\u00e1no\u010dka. \u201eSt\u00e1le se dod\u00e1valo nov\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed do kr\u00e1mu, aby se vyplnily mezery v reg\u00e1lech, vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdm odbytem.\u201c V dal\u0161\u00ed pov\u00eddce Jmel\u00ed popisuje Herrmann p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed ruch takto: \u201eKupci l\u00ed\u010dili p\u0159ed kr\u00e1my pytle s prav\u00fdmi francouzsk\u00fdmi vla\u0161sk\u00fdmi o\u0159echy, do nich\u017e sv\u011bdomit\u011b p\u0159im\u00edchali zbytky scvrkl\u00fdch a dut\u00fdch od lo\u0148ska, a pa\u0161krtn\u00edky vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho slohu l\u00e1kali bedni\u010dkami \u0161v\u00e1bsk\u00fdch hlem\u00fd\u017e\u010f\u016f a mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kebl\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

C\u00edrkve, kter\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u011b podporovaly kon\u00e1n\u00ed trh\u016f v okol\u00ed, aby p\u0159il\u00e1kaly v\u00edce lid\u00ed na bohoslu\u017eby, brzy zjistily, \u017ee s trhy soupe\u0159\u00ed o sv\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed. Tehdy se za\u010daly rozm\u00e1hat v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1kupy d\u00e1rk\u016f a od t\u00e9 doby jsou v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trhy obl\u00edben\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed o V\u00e1noc\u00edch zakon\u010d\u00edme \u00faryvkem z knihy Ign\u00e1ta Herrmanna P\u0159ed pades\u00e1ti lety<\/strong><\/p>\n

Minul svat\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 \u2013 ale trh na Uheln\u00e9m trhu i v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm jeho okol\u00ed trval d\u00e1le \u2013 pak u\u017e trh v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed. A tento v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trh vrcholil na Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed. Mezi starou radnic\u00ed a velebn\u00fdm T\u00fdnem se tak\u0159ka p\u0159es noc vyno\u0159ilo m\u011bste\u010dko bud a kr\u00e1mk\u016f, na kr\u00e1mc\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00ed pamlsk\u016f, pern\u00edk\u016f, su\u010duk\u016f, tureck\u00e9ho medu, ji\u017en\u00edho ovoce, marcip\u00e1nu, obr\u00e1zk\u016f, kn\u00ed\u017ee\u010dek, hra\u010dek. <\/em><\/p>\n

Zp\u011bv\u00e1ci vyzp\u011bvovali sv\u00e9 p\u00edsni\u010dky, tepaj\u00edce r\u00e1koskami do voskovan\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tna na \u017eerdi, na kter\u00e9m byly namalov\u00e1ny hr\u016fzostra\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdjevy \u2013 ilustrace k t\u011bm p\u00edsni\u010dk\u00e1m \u2013, a div\u00e1ci a poslucha\u010di vydr\u017eeli st\u00e1t a poslouchat p\u00edsni\u010dku o stra\u0161n\u00fdch mordech t\u0159eba desetkr\u00e1t za sebou \u2013 na\u010de\u017e si ji pro lep\u0161\u00ed zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed za dva krejcary koupili. Ostatn\u00edmi ulicemi pra\u017esk\u00fdmi, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b t\u0159\u00eddami obchodn\u00edmi vanul zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159edsv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed \u0161um a ruch, kter\u00fd se zesiloval, \u010d\u00edm bl\u00ed\u017ee bylo k \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9mu dni. Dro\u017eky a fiakry se prod\u00edraly napadan\u00fdm sn\u011bhem, kter\u00fd tlumil rachot kol i kro\u010deje chodc\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n

V podve\u010der sn\u00e1\u0161ela se lehk\u00e1 mlha a v t\u00e9 se ut\u00e1p\u011bly \u017elut\u00e9 plameny plynov\u00e9, m\u00edsty probleskovaly jako bludi\u010dky. V\u00fdkladn\u00ed sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b byly ov\u0161em osv\u00edcen\u00e9 a p\u0159ed nimi se kupili chodci. V duchu p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vali kapesn\u00ed hotovost, zda sta\u010d\u00ed na toto \u010di na ono.<\/em><\/p>\n

Poznovu za\u010dalo sn\u011b\u017eit. Vlo\u010dky \u0161lehaly do tv\u00e1\u0159e, ale nikdo neut\u00edkal dom\u016f. Naopak, <\/em>tento sn\u00edh, byl sebehust\u0161\u00ed, n\u00e1ladu v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed jen zmnohon\u00e1sobil. Teprve tu\u0161il ka\u017ed\u00fd <\/em>bl\u00edzko Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka kdesi v oblac\u00edch nad sebou. Sn\u011b\u017eilo za krk a studilo, ale to zavd\u00e1valo <\/em>jen podn\u011bt k vesel\u00fdm v\u00fdk\u0159ik\u016fm, jekotu a sm\u00edchu. Ve\u010dern\u00ed chodci vypadali za chv\u00edli jak sn\u011bhul\u00e1ci. Lid\u00e9 zcela nezn\u00e1m\u00ed usm\u00edvali se na sebe, jako by si navz\u00e1jem \u0159\u00edkali: \u201eTo je hezk\u00e9, vi\u010fte \u017ee?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Na tento v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed trh na starom\u011bstsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed v\u0161ak se dostavovali i jin\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9. V\u017edy tu b\u00fdvalo n\u011bkolik st\u0159elnic a bylo rozst\u0159\u00edleno v\u017edy na sta s\u00e1drov\u00fdch d\u00fdmek. N\u011bkolik loutk\u00e1\u0159\u016f rozbilo tu sv\u00e9 stany a hr\u00e1vali ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 kusy a\u017e do des\u00e1t\u00e9 ve\u010dern\u00ed, kdy pak mal\u00fd Ka\u0161p\u00e1rek zval \u201eblahorod\u00e9 obecenstvo a publikum\u201c zas na p\u0159edstaven\u00ed z\u00edt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed. Pekeln\u00fd Mezist\u00e1fl odn\u00e1\u0161el tu bezbo\u017en\u00e9ho Fausta t\u0159eba p\u011btkr\u00e1t za ve\u010der do horouc\u00edho pekla a kn\u00ed\u017ee Old\u0159ich bloudil tu smutn\u011b po \u010dernokosteleck\u00fdch les\u00edch od soumraku a\u017e do chv\u00edle, kdy policajti obch\u00e1zeli boudy a nadzdvihuj\u00edce hadrov\u00e9 \u201eport\u00e1ly\u201c divadel volali: \u201eZav\u00edrat, zav\u00edrat!\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00e1vno je\u0161t\u011b nebylo potuchy o sv\u011btle elektrick\u00e9m. N\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed bylo osv\u011btlov\u00e1no \u017elutav\u00fdm sv\u011btlem plynov\u00fdm, kter\u00e9 se rozl\u00e9valo z n\u00e1domn\u00edch sv\u00edtilen a z luceren kandel\u00e1bru. A na kr\u00e1mc\u00edch sv\u00edtili si prodava\u010di sv\u00ed\u010dkami ve sklen\u011bn\u00fdch balonech, lampi\u010dkami s \u0159epkov\u00fdm olejem, a jen velc\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9 a panor\u00e1mist\u00e9 m\u011bli zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed sv\u00e9 osv\u011btlen\u00ed ligroinov\u00e9 nebo jak\u00e9. Ba, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli i plyn, stla\u010den\u00fd v ko\u017een\u00fdch m\u011bch\u00e1ch.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> HERRMANN, Ign\u00e1t. V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed koledy: Jmel\u00ed. Praha: Topi\u010d, 1918. s. 127. HERRMANN, Ign\u00e1t. V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed koledy: V\u00e1no\u010dka. Praha: Topi\u010d, 1918, s. 64.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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