{"id":293675,"date":"2024-12-11T19:21:25","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T18:21:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=293675"},"modified":"2024-12-11T19:21:25","modified_gmt":"2024-12-11T18:21:25","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-zapomenute-roratni-svice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=293675","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Zapomenut\u00e9 ror\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00edce"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V ror\u00e1tech se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 symbolika rann\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 prosincov\u00e9 tmy a sv\u011btla sv\u00edc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 symbolizuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchod Sv\u011btla sv\u011bta \u2013 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. Zd\u00e1nliv\u011b neporaziteln\u00e1 moc tmy je tak postupn\u011b proza\u0159ov\u00e1na drobn\u00fdmi a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi se sv\u011bt\u00e9lky, kter\u00e9 ohla\u0161uj\u00ed konec vl\u00e1dy tmy. Dnes u\u017e jsou ror\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00edce t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zapomenut\u00e9, proto je na na\u0161em trhu nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nenajdete, ale jednoduch\u00e1 dlouh\u00e1 tenk\u00e1 sv\u00ed\u010dka z v\u010del\u00edho vosku pro p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed t\u00e9to tradice posta\u010d\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

V adventn\u00ed \u010das prob\u00edhaly v kostel\u00edch takzvan\u00e9 ror\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u0161e. \u010c\u00edm byly jedine\u010dn\u00e9? Je to rann\u00ed mari\u00e1nsk\u00e1 m\u0161e v dob\u011b adventu, kter\u00e1 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b za tmy kolem \u0161est\u00e9 hodiny. B\u011bhem m\u0161e \u017eeny a d\u011bti pou\u017e\u00edvaly ror\u00e1tov\u00e9 nebo adventn\u00ed sloupky.<\/p>\n

Ror\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u0161e b\u00fdvaj\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, obvykle trvaj\u00ed kolem p\u016fl hodiny. Jde o starou tradici, po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 u\u017e v dob\u011b Karla IV. P\u016fvodn\u011b \u0161lo o votivn\u00ed m\u0161e ke cti Panny Marie v adventn\u00ed dob\u011b, prov\u00e1zen\u00e9 liturgick\u00fdmi zp\u011bvy. N\u00e1zev je odvozen\u00fd od zp\u011bvu, kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 slovy Rorate coeli desuper, tedy “rosu dejte, nebesa, sh\u016fry”.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00edmi k\u0159es\u0165any byl Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 symbolicky ozna\u010dov\u00e1n za sv\u00edci, kter\u00e1 bude sv\u00edtit v\u0161em. Prvn\u00ed sv\u00edce byly vytvo\u0159eny z v\u010del\u00edho vosku a b\u011bhem 4. stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu se staly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bohoslu\u017eeb v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch svatyn\u00edch. V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b se v\u0161ak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepou\u017e\u00edvaly, proto\u017ee jejich v\u00fdroba byla velmi n\u00e1kladn\u00e1. Do \u0161lechtick\u00fdch s\u00eddel a m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed se sv\u00edce dostaly a\u017e od 17. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V dob\u011b zimn\u00edho slunovratu se dr\u00e1ha slunce na obzoru l\u00e1me a po n\u011bm se dny op\u011bt za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed prodlu\u017eovat. O nejdel\u0161\u00ed noci v roce se proto sv\u011btlo st\u00e1v\u00e1 symbolem nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota i nov\u00e9ho roku. C\u00edrkev p\u016fvodn\u011b pohansk\u00fd kult ohn\u011b a sv\u011btla p\u0159ijala a v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed a novoro\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo pov\u00fd\u0161ila na duchovn\u00ed symbol. Sama zap\u00e1len\u00e1 sv\u00edce byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za symbol \u017eivota a zhasnut\u00ed sv\u00edce za znamen\u00ed jeho konce.<\/p>\n

Ror\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00edce, kter\u00e9 byly zhotovov\u00e1ny z takzvan\u00e9ho voskov\u00e9ho dr\u00e1tu, v podstat\u011b z nekone\u010dn\u00e9 tenou\u010dk\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky, dovedn\u00e1 d\u00edla na\u0161ich voska\u0159\u016f, Ta se formovala do nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tvar\u016f, nej\u010dast\u011bji v\u011bne\u010dku, dokonce i knihy, mohlo to m\u00edt tvar i ryby nebo kv\u00e1d\u0159\u00edku, byla to cel\u00e1 tvarov\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la. U\u017e\u00edvaly je \u017eeny i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti k osv\u011btlen\u00ed modlitebn\u00edch kn\u00ed\u017eek p\u0159i m\u0161\u00edch v \u0161eru kostel\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je postupn\u011b odv\u00edjely, aby jejich d\u00e9lka byla tak akor\u00e1t. Ozdoben\u00e9 byly nalepovac\u00edmi dekoracemi z vosku, vyra\u017een\u00e9 z voskov\u00e9ho pap\u00edru, nebo i jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem dekorovan\u00e9, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaly p\u0159i velmi specifick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech v obdob\u00ed adventu. Ho\u0159ely vysok\u00fdm plamenem. Sv\u00edce se v lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed ope\u010dov\u00e1valy, \u0161et\u0159ilo se jimi a nech\u00e1valy se ho\u0159et jen kr\u00e1tkou chv\u00edli. Slou\u017eily jako p\u0159edm\u011bty p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch ob\u0159adnostech.<\/p>\n

V adventu se u\u017e od dob Karla IV. slou\u017eily rann\u00ed bohoslu\u017eby doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9 zp\u011bvy, a lid\u00e9 si sv\u00edtili n\u011bjak\u00fdm sv\u00edtidlem jednak p\u0159i cest\u011b na tu bohoslu\u017ebu, proto\u017ee \u0161li je\u0161t\u011b za tmy, ale hlavn\u011b tyto kr\u00e1sn\u011b vinut\u00e9 a zdoben\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky si lid\u00e9 rozsv\u011bceli v kosteln\u00edch lavic\u00edch, aby vid\u011bli do modlitebn\u00edch knih a zp\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vzpom\u00ednku na ror\u00e1ty zakon\u010deme \u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm cit\u00e1tem z knihy proroka Izaj\u00e1\u0161e: \u201eRorate caeli desuper et nubes pluant iustum, aperiatur terra et germinet salvatorem et iustitia oriatur simul ego Dominus creavit eum.\u201c Tedy \u010desky podle ekumenick\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu Bible: \u201eNebesa, vydejte kr\u016fp\u011bje sh\u016fry, a\u0165 kane z oblak\u016f spravedlnost, nech\u0165 se otev\u0159e zem\u011b a urod\u00ed se sp\u00e1sa a spravedlnost vyra\u0161\u00ed s n\u00ed. J\u00e1 Hospodin to stvo\u0159\u00edm.\u201c (Iz 45, .<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Orel, D.: \u010cesk\u00fd kancion\u00e1l, St\u00e1tn\u00ed nakladatelstv\u00ed v Praze. 1921 Barto\u0161, F.: Moravsk\u00fd lid: sebran\u00e9 rozpravy z oboru moravsk\u00e9 lidov\u011bdy, D\u00edl 1, nakl. E. \u0160olc, Tel\u010d. 1892<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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