{"id":293167,"date":"2024-12-06T15:16:34","date_gmt":"2024-12-06T14:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=293167"},"modified":"2024-12-06T15:16:34","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T14:16:34","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-pochuzka-svateho-ambroze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=293167","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Poch\u016fzka svat\u00e9ho Ambro\u017ee"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V lidov\u00e9 tradici cel\u00e9 \u0159ady evropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f je je\u0161t\u011b z pohansk\u00fdch dob zako\u0159en\u011bna p\u0159edstava, \u017ee za dlouh\u00fdch zimn\u00edch noc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do divok\u00e9ho z\u00e1pasu s d\u00e9monick\u00fdmi bytostmi. Slunce jako by bylo v tyto dny pora\u017eeno, a proto se cel\u00fd prosinec v obdob\u00ed adventu objevovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 tajemn\u00e9 postavy se skrytou symbolikou, pozd\u011bji p\u0159izp\u016fsobenou k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u011brouce.<\/h6>\n

Tajemn\u00e9 postavy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed sv\u016fj p\u016fvod je\u0161t\u011b v p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed a kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1zaly tichou a z\u00e1dum\u010divou adventn\u00ed n\u00e1ladu po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b rozv\u00ed\u0159it. V minulosti se v p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm \u010dase neobjevoval pouze Mikul\u00e1\u0161, and\u011bl a \u010dert, ale tak\u00e9 postavy s p\u016fvodem v p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. Na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 se mohli setkat s barborkami, Ambro\u017eem \u010di d\u011bsivou peruchtou. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto postav se objevovala v ur\u010dit\u00fd den, nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku dan\u00e9ho sv\u011btce. Postavy, kter\u00e9 byly zn\u00e1m\u00e9 ze st\u0159edov\u011bku, a\u0165 u\u017e svat\u00e1 Barbora nebo Lucie, vznikly v lidov\u00e9m pod\u00e1n\u00ed. A na n\u011b se teprve nabalily v\u0161echny historky, pov\u011bsti a pov\u011bry, kter\u00e9 nakonec vy\u00fastily do obch\u016fzek.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco \u0159ada tradic pat\u0159\u00ed k obdob\u00ed adventu nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d stalet\u00edmi, na jednu se prakticky zapomn\u011blo. Byla spjata se sv\u00e1tkem svat\u00e9ho Ambro\u017ee, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 7. prosince. P\u016fvod a d\u016fvod jej\u00ed podoby je obest\u0159en jistou z\u00e1hadou. P\u0159itom i se svat\u00fdm Ambro\u017eem se pojila nad\u00edlka a tak\u00e9 byla tro\u0161ku stra\u0161ideln\u00e1, by\u0165 na rozd\u00edl od svat\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161e s sebou \u010derta tento sv\u011btec nevodil. Zvyk zanikl mo\u017en\u00e1 proto, \u017ee se dr\u017eel jen na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zvyk byl pops\u00e1n ve st\u0159edn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch a pojil se se svat\u00fdm Ambro\u017eem, jeho\u017e sv\u00e1tek p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 7. prosince. Jde o ob\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed a hon\u010d\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed Ambro\u017eem okolo kostela. Jak popisuje etnograf a folklorista \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt ve sv\u00e9 knize Vesel\u00e9 chv\u00edle v \u017eivot\u011b lidu \u010desk\u00e9ho: \u201eAmbro\u017e p\u0159estrojen\u00fd se objev\u00ed za soumraku u kostela a d\u011bti hrdinsky na n\u011bj pok\u0159ikuj\u00ed. Ob\u010das upust\u00ed Ambro\u017e n\u011bjakou cukrovinku. T\u00edm p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1 d\u011bti ke sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. Vtom se za nimi mil\u00fd Ambro\u017e s ko\u0161t\u011btem pust\u00ed a hon\u00ed je, a\u017e sotva dechu popadaj\u00ed. Na sob\u011b m\u00e1 p\u0159itom \u010dernou homolovitou \u010depici s p\u0159ipjat\u00fdm tylem, kter\u00fd mu zakr\u00fdv\u00e1 obli\u010dej.\u201c Kdo v\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00e1 je to n\u011bco jako v\u010dela\u0159sk\u00e1 kukla, proto\u017ee svat\u00fd Ambro\u017e je patronem v\u010dela\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvod a v\u00fdznam tohoto neoby\u010dejn\u00e9ho zvyku je zasunut v minul\u00fdch \u010dasech a t\u011b\u017eko bude dnes objasn\u011bn. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00edci ho znali, ale nepova\u017eovali za nutn\u00e9 zaznamenat jej pro budouc\u00ed generace. \u010casem upadl v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed a pops\u00e1n byl jen jeho pr\u016fb\u011bh a takt\u00e9\u017e i bez vysv\u011btlen\u00ed Ambro\u017eova zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho p\u0159evleku. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdklad\u016f je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee Ambro\u017e st\u00e1le neviditeln\u011b p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, a to v mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9 tradici, kdy se \u201e\u010dern\u00fd Ambro\u017e\u201c m\u011bl prom\u011bnit v \u010derta. A svat\u00e1 Barbora, kter\u00e1 kdysi tak\u00e9 nad\u011blovala jako b\u00edle od\u011bn\u00e1 postava, v and\u011bla.
\nSv\u00fdm k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm dok\u00e1zal srozumiteln\u011b oslovit z\u00e1stupy v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch. Jeho v\u00fdmluvnost, podle legendy, byla zp\u016fsobena rojem v\u010del. Kdy\u017e je\u0161t\u011b jako d\u00edt\u011b spal, na obli\u010dej mu usedl roj v\u010del. Do otev\u0159en\u00fdch \u00fast mu vl\u00e9t\u00e1valy v\u010dely a krmily ho medem. Od \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u0161ak nedostal \u017eihadlo. Proto je tak\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n s \u00falem. Pozd\u011bji byl naz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako \u201edoktor s medov\u00fdm jazykem\u201c. Zachovala se jeho mravou\u010dn\u00e1 a bohosloveck\u00e1 d\u00edla. Zavedl pro k\u0159es\u0165anskou bohoslu\u017ebu term\u00edn \u201em\u0161e\u201c.<\/p>\n

Ale zp\u00e1tky k 7. prosinci. V tento den se kdysi nepovolovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se v\u010dela\u0159stv\u00edm, v\u00fdjimku m\u011blo pop\u00edjen\u00ed medoviny.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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