{"id":291965,"date":"2024-11-21T19:11:43","date_gmt":"2024-11-21T18:11:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=291965"},"modified":"2024-11-21T19:11:43","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T18:11:43","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-svata-katerina-zavrela-housle-do-komina-a-muzikanty-do-chleva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=291965","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina zav\u0159ela housle do kom\u00edna a muzikanty do chl\u00e9va"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Po sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny nast\u00e1v\u00e1 adventn\u00ed \u010das, krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho konec z\u00e1bav a za\u010d\u00e1tek adventn\u00edho rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny spadal do obdob\u00ed, kdy se u\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch prac\u00ed odb\u00fdvala doma ve sv\u011btnici, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pod st\u0159echou stodoly nebo s\u00fdpky. Ml\u00e1tilo se obil\u00ed, vozilo se do ml\u00fdna, aby se semlelo na mouku, su\u0161ilo se ovoce na zimu, st\u0159\u00edhaly se ovce, p\u0159ipravoval se len na p\u0159eden\u00ed a \u017eeny draly pe\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u00edskaly z hus sn\u011bden\u00fdch na svat\u00e9ho Martina.<\/h6>\n

Svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina byla v minulosti velmi uct\u00edvan\u00e1. Otci vlasti Karel IV. bylo teprve 16 let kdy\u017e v It\u00e1lii 25. 11. 1332 zv\u00edt\u011bzil nad koalic\u00ed Mil\u00e1na a dal\u0161\u00edch severoitalsk\u00fdch m\u011bst – Mil\u00e1na, Verony, Ferrary a Mantovy. Karel IV. jen taktak unikl smrti a byl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee ho svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina ochr\u00e1nila. Proto se stala jeho patronkou a nejmilej\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btic\u00ed. Boj se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nevyv\u00edjel pro Karla dob\u0159e \u2013 ve Vita Caroli p\u00ed\u0161e \u201eVid\u011bli jsme se ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159emo\u017eeni a skoro jsme upadali v zoufalstv\u00ed\u201c, pak ov\u0161em zas\u00e1hla svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina \u2013 Karel byl o tom alespo\u0148 pevn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den \u2013 \u201ea hle, v tu hodinu nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 dali se na \u00fat\u011bk se sv\u00fdmi prapory, nejprve Mantov\u0161t\u00ed, potom za nimi jin\u00fdch v\u00edce. A tak s Bo\u017e\u00ed milost\u00ed dobyli jsme v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad sv\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli, 800 jezdc\u016f na \u00fat\u011bku zajav\u0161e a 5000 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch pobiv\u0161e\u201c.<\/p>\n

Karel IV na svou prvn\u00ed bitvu nikdy nezapomn\u011bl. U San Felice zv\u00edt\u011bzil v den sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny a od t\u00e9 doby ji p\u0159ijal jako svoji obl\u00edbenou sv\u011btici. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ji zasv\u011btil svoji osobn\u00ed kapli na Karl\u0161tejn\u011b. Do t\u00e9to kaple sm\u011bl vstoupit pouze kr\u00e1l, a kdy\u017e zde rozj\u00edmal a modlil se, bylo mu do kaple pod\u00e1v\u00e1no j\u00eddlo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm otvorem, aby panovn\u00edka v kapli nikdo neru\u0161il. V Praze na Nov\u00e9m M\u011bst\u011b pak zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 kl\u00e1\u0161ter augustini\u00e1nek s kostelem sv. Kate\u0159iny, vysv\u011bcen\u00fdm arcibiskupem Janem O\u010dkem z Vla\u0161imi na konci listopadu 1367. Kult sv. Kate\u0159iny se postupn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il po cel\u00fdch \u010cech\u00e1ch. Ze \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 ver\u0161ovan\u00e1 Legenda o sv. Kate\u0159in\u011b, kter\u00e1 obsahuje 3500 ver\u0161\u016f.<\/p>\n

Svatou Kate\u0159inou ofici\u00e1ln\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159edadventn\u00ed \u010das. Bylo to rovn\u011b\u017e \u010dast\u00e9 datum svateb. V tento den lid\u00e9 zapo\u010d\u00ednali velk\u00fd p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed \u00faklid (a to proto, aby do prvn\u00ed adventn\u00ed ned\u011ble bylo v\u0161e \u010dist\u00e9 a uklizen\u00e9.). Pekly se pern\u00ed\u010dky. V tento den tak\u00e9 d\u011bve\u010dky a \u010dele\u010f dost\u00e1vali vyplacenou svou ro\u010dn\u00ed mzdu, a tak\u00e9 se mohli vyv\u00e1zat ze smlouvy nebo naopak novou smlouvu uzav\u0159\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Na svatou Kate\u0159inu prob\u00edhaly posledn\u00ed tancova\u010dky a z\u00e1bavy. Kr\u00e1sn\u00fd popis jednoho z kate\u0159insk\u00fdch ve\u010der\u016f n\u00e1m poskytuje etnograf \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt: \u201e\u017deny shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed se zat\u00edm v dom\u011b, v n\u011bm\u017e m\u011bly prvn\u00ed porady, a prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jedn\u011bch druh\u00fdch a \u0159e\u010dem by nebylo konce, kdyby se kone\u010dn\u011b nedostavila muzika. Ta zahraje p\u0159ed domem vesel\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed\u010dko a \u017eeny se\u0159a\u010fuj\u00ed se v pr\u016fvod. Nap\u0159ed jdou hudebn\u00edci h\u0159motn\u011b hraj\u00edce pochod, za nimi nesou \u017eeny opentlen\u00fd v\u011bnec (pe\u010divo), posl\u00e9ze jdou \u017eeny p\u00e1rem a v\u0161e ub\u00edr\u00e1 se k hospod\u011b mnohdy notnou oklikou. Teprve kdy\u017e ve\u0161ly \u017eeny do hospody, sm\u011bj\u00ed tam i mu\u017ei.\u201c Uve\u0159ejn\u011bno v \u010dasopisu \u010cesk\u00fd lid v roce 1900.<\/p>\n

Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 organizace t\u011bchto z\u00e1bav p\u0159itom byla v ruk\u00e1ch \u017een a d\u00edvek, jeliko\u017e ten den platilo tzv. \u017eensk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. \u017deny proto na tuto z\u00e1bavu musely obstarat j\u00eddlo i pit\u00ed a rovn\u011b\u017e platily za hudbu muzikant\u016fm. Za odm\u011bnu si mohly objednat tane\u010dn\u00ed s\u00f3lo a tak\u00e9 si samy mohly vyb\u00edrat, s k\u00fdm budou tan\u010dit. V ten ve\u010der zvaly mu\u017ee na p\u00e1lenku a d\u00e1valy jim i drobn\u00e9 d\u00e1rky. P\u00e1nov\u00e9 si mohli vyb\u00edrat pouze jednou o p\u016flnoci ve form\u011b p\u00e1nsk\u00e9 volenky. Kate\u0159insk\u00e1 z\u00e1bava se obvykle konala a\u017e do sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. 26.11. nastal \u010das p\u0159ed adventn\u00ed, \u010dili \u010das pokory, skromnosti a rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina m\u011bla b\u00fdt umu\u010dena mu\u010d\u00edc\u00edm kolem, nesm\u011blo se 25.11. po cel\u00fd den pracovat s ni\u010d\u00edm, co m\u011blo kolo. Zak\u00e1zan\u00e1 tak byla pr\u00e1ce nejen s traka\u0159em, vozem a povozem, ale i s kolovratem. Povolena dokonce nebyla ani pr\u00e1ce ve ml\u00fdn\u011b. Po svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159in\u011b pak za\u010dalo obdob\u00ed tzv. p\u0159\u00e1stek, kdy lid\u00e9 na kolovratech za\u010dali zpracov\u00e1vat len.<\/p>\n

Podle pov\u011bst\u00ed se na svatou Kate\u0159inu otev\u00edr\u00e1 temn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, je\u017e je spojeno s v\u00fdrazn\u011b prodlou\u017eenou noc\u00ed a s\u00edl\u00edc\u00edmi \u010darod\u011bjn\u00fdmi silami. Lid\u00e9 se p\u0159ed nimi chr\u00e1nili t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010desnekem nad dve\u0159e malovali k\u0159\u00ed\u017e. Pro pos\u00edlen\u00ed ochrany p\u0159ed temn\u00fdmi silami se \u010desnek p\u0159id\u00e1val i do pokrm\u016f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Vondru\u0161kov\u00e1, Alena: \u010cesk\u00e9 zvyky a oby\u010deje. Praha 2004, s. 266-268.
\nLanghammerov\u00e1, Ji\u0159ina: \u010ctvero ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed v lidov\u00e9 tradici. Praha 2008, s. 93-94.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Po <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":329364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/21\/ram-svata-katerina.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/291965"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=291965"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/291965\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":329363,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/291965\/revisions\/329363"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/329364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=291965"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=291965"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=291965"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}